Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 17 po 23 dekabrya 2018 goda19.11.2018 10:40 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 18 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,75+) proidet bliz Urana, a asteroid (433) Eros (9,4m) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem. 21 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,97+) proidet bliz Al'debarana, a Merkurii proidet v graduse severnee Yupitera. V etot zhe den' nastupit zimnee solncestoyanie, a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie na 1 sekundu asteroidom Sakaino (3995) zvezdy HIP22496 (7,1m) iz sozvezdiya Tel'ca pri vidimosti na yuge Rossii . 22 dekabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Ursidy (ZHR= 10) iz sozvezdiya Maloi Medvedicy, a Luna (F= 0,99-) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. V etot zhe den' Yupiter proidet v 5 gradusah severnee Antaresa, a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,97-) zvezdy dzeta Bliznecov (4,0m) pri vidimosti v severnoi polovine strany. Vse yarche i dostupnee (vidimost' nevooruzhennym glazom!) stanovitsya kometa P/Wirtanen (46P), kotoraya dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Tel'ca, Perseya i Voznichego. V konce nedeli ona proidet okolo zvezdy Kapella.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - okolo 7 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period uvelichivaetsya do 32,52 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca, 18 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 22 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Ryb, Ovna, Tel'ca, Bliznecov, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,65+ do 1,0 i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Ryb. 18 dekabrya Luna proidet yuzhnee Urana pri faze 0,75+. V etot zhe den' lunnyi oval pri faze 0,8+ vnov' pereidet v sozvezdie Kita, a 19 dekabrya dostignet sozvezdiya Ovna pri faze 0,85+. 20 dekabrya yarkii lunnyi disk pereidet v sozvezdie Tel'ca pri faze bolee 0,9+, gde na sleduyushii den' proidet v polutora gradusah severnee Al'debarana pri faze 0,97+. Pokrytiya zvezdy ne proizoidet, t.k. tekushaya seriya pokrytii zakonchilas', a v sleduyushii raz Luna pokroet Al'debaran tol'ko 18 avgusta 2033 goda. 22 dekabrya lunnyi disk posetit sozvezdie Oriona, gde primet fazu polnoluniya. 23 dekabrya polnaya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Bliznecov, nahodyas' bliz maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora i perigeya svoei orbity. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii, Venera i Yupiter nablyudayutsya na fone utrennei zari, a Mars viden v vechernie i nochnye chasy. Saturn mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari, a Uran i Neptun nahodyatsya na nochnom nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2018 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364103. Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica C/2018 V1 (Machhol'ca-Fudzikavy-Ivamoto) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca s bleskom slabee 9m, a kometa P/Wirtanen (46P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Tel'ca, Perseya i Voznichego s bleskom yarche 5m (vidimost' nevooruzhennym glazom!). Kometa P/Swift-Gehrels (64P) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Treugol'nika, a kometa P/Stephan-Oterma (38P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Rysi. Obe nebesnye strannicy imeyut blesk okolo 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,0m) v sozvezdii Kozeroga i Yunona (7,8m) v sozvezdii Eridana.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignet RT Centavra 9,0m - 22 dekabrya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Uran, Luna - Pleyady, Luna - Al'debaran, Venera - al'fa Vesov, Merkurii - Yupiter, Mars - Neptun, Saturn - M22, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya, P/Stephan-Oterma (38P) - Polluks, P/Swift-Gehrels (64P) - M33, P/Wirtanen (46P) - Kapella.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 17 dekabrya - v 1713 godu, 18 dekabrya - v 1191 godu, 19 dekabrya - v 1340 godu, 20 dekabrya - v 0819 godu, 21 dekabrya - v 1843 godu, 22 dekabrya - v 1889 godu, 23 dekabrya - v 1908 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 22 dekabrya (7 zatmenii), a men'she vsego 20 i 21 dekabrya (po 2 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Skorpiona, 20 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Zmeenosca. Merkurii nablyudaetsya na fone utrennei zari bliz Yupitera. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 19,5 gradusa k koncu nedeli. Uglovye razmery planety umen'shayutsya ot 6,5 do 5,7 sekund dugi pri bleske yarche 0m i faze, kotoraya uvelichivaetsya 0,70 do 0,80. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide ovala. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,04 do 1,18 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2018 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2018.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov. Venera vidna na utrennem nebe (Utrennyaya zvezda). Rastushii serp planety mozhno nablyudat' v teleskop, a elongaciya ee k koncu nedeli uvelichitsya ot 45 do 46 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 32 do 29 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4,5m pri faze okolo 0,4. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,52 do 0,57 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2018.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya, 22 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Ryb. Mars mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie i nochnye chasy v yuzhnoi chasti neba v vide yarkoi krasnovatoi zvezdy. Blesk Marsa snizhaetsya do +0,3m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 8,2 do 7,8 sekund dugi. Idet blagopriyatnyi period nablyudenii Marsa. V teleskop mozhno rassmotret' disk s krupnymi detalyami poverhnosti planety. Fotografirovanie planety s nalozheniem izobrazhenii pri pomoshi programmnogo obespecheniya, dadut luchshii rezul'tat po sravneniyu s vizual'nymi nablyudeniyami. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,14 do 1,19 a.e.. 27 iyulya Mars proshel velikoe protivostoyanie. Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2018.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca bliz Antaresa i Merkuriya. Yupiter mozhno naiti na fone utrennei zari. Uglovoi diametr planety imeet znachenie 31 sekundu dugi pri bleske okolo -1,7m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 6,25 a.e. k koncu nedeli. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2018.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Vidimost' Saturna zakanchivaetsya, a na utrennem nebe on poyavitsya uzhe v sleduyushem godu. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 15 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm, no uzhe pri utrennei vidimosti v sleduyushem godu. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya do 11,03 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2018.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno v sozvezdii Ryb (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran nablyudaetsya noch'yu. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 19,30 do 19,40 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2018.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun viden noch'yu, a naiti ego mozhno pri pomoshi binoklya ili teleskopa. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 30,11 do 30,23 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2018.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 16 Dec 2018 14h55m16.67s - 9 58.081' 2.641 3.321 8.9 39.8 61.24 107.5 Lib 21 Dec 2018 15h03m08.61s -10 33.992' 2.645 3.280 8.9 42.8 60.26 106.9 Lib Pallada (2) 16 Dec 2018 12h58m59.42s - 6 36.162' 2.283 2.469 9.1 67.6 57.49 87.9 Vir 21 Dec 2018 13h06m34.90s - 6 29.831' 2.293 2.416 9.0 71.0 55.80 85.6 Vir Yunona (3) 16 Dec 2018 3h35m22.60s - 4 05.942' 1.988 1.128 7.8 140.4 16.30 305.6 Eri 21 Dec 2018 3h33m58.23s - 3 43.011' 1.991 1.160 7.9 136.3 15.44 330.1 Eri Vesta (4) 16 Dec 2018 20h39m12.57s -22 08.618' 2.272 2.892 8.0 42.9 71.87 76.6 Cap 21 Dec 2018 20h49m16.28s -21 34.260' 2.276 2.937 8.0 40.2 72.35 75.8 Cap Geba (6) 11 Dec 2018 6h40m15.47s + 3 49.156' 2.183 1.269 8.6 151.1 34.50 284.1 Mon 16 Dec 2018 6h35m33.22s + 4 09.204' 2.194 1.260 8.5 155.6 38.55 287.6 Mon Garmoniya (40) 16 Dec 2018 6h35m33.22s + 4 09.204' 2.194 1.260 8.5 155.6 38.55 287.6 Mon 21 Dec 2018 6h30m29.51s + 4 35.597' 2.205 1.257 8.5 159.3 41.45 290.8 Mon Eros (433) 16 Dec 2018 4h53m33.14s +20 30.167' 2.234 1.258 9.6 170.5 39.25 272.6 Tau 21 Dec 2018 4h48m09.94s +20 33.885' 2.237 1.274 9.8 164.3 36.28 273.1 Tau Gerkulina (532) 16 Dec 2018 9h49m49.93s +19 32.303' 2.472 1.823 9.9 120.5 22.23 43.9 Leo 21 Dec 2018 9h51m41.93s +20 06.985' 2.464 1.762 9.8 125.3 21.62 30.1 Leo a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2018 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
17 dekabrya, utro - Merkurii bliz zvezdy beta Skorpiona, a kometa P/Wirtanen (46P) mezhdu Giadami i Pleyadami.
18 dekabrya, noch' - Asteroid (433) Eros (9,4m) v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
19 dekabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa P/Wirtanen (46P) vidna nevooruzhennym glazom v sozvezdiyah Tel'ca, Perseya i Voznichego.
20 dekabrya, utro - Merkurii bliz Yupitera.
21 dekabrya, 22 chasa 21 minuta - Zimnee solncestoyanie.
22 dekabrya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Ursidy (ZHR= 10) iz sozvezdiya Maloi Medvedicy.
22 dekabrya, 17 chasov 49 minut - Polnolunie.
23 dekabrya, 16 chasov 25 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,97-) zvezdy dzeta Bliznecov (4,0m) pri vidimosti v severnoi polovine strany.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 20 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 20 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 20 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N12 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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