Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 24 po 30 dekabrya 2018 goda19.11.2018 12:16 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 24 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,96-) proidet perigei svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 361060 km ot centra Zemli okolo voshodyashego uzla svoei orbity. 25 dekabrya nochnoe svetilo proidet bliz zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44), a 26 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,8-) sblizitsya s Regulom. 27 dekabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Bol'shoi Medvedicy dostignet maksimuma bleska (7m), a 29 dekabrya asteroid (6) Geba (8,5m) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem. Nevooruzhennym glazom vidna kometa P/Wirtanen (46P), kotoraya dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Voznichego i Rysi i yavlyaetsya nezahodyashim svetilom v srednih i severnyh shirotah. V nachale nedeli ona budet nahodit'sya okolo zvezdy Kapella.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - okolo 7 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period uvelichivaetsya do 32,54 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 29 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Bliznecov, Raka, L'va, Devy, izmenyaya fazu ot 1,0 do 0,35- i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Bliznecov, nahodyas' bliz maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora i perigeya svoei orbity. 24 dekabrya Luna dostignet sozvezdiya Raka pri faze 0,95-, nahodyas' yuzhnee komety P/Stephan-Oterma (38P). Zdes' 25 dekabrya nochnoe svetilo pri faze 0,92- peresechet rasseyannoe zvezdnoe skoplenie Yasli (M44) bliz voshodyashego uzla svoei orbity. Pri faze 0,88- lunnyi oval 25 dekabrya dostignet sozvezdiya L'va i ustremitsya k Regulu, severnee kotorogo proidet na sleduyushii den' pri faze 0,8-. V sozvezdii L'va 28 dekabrya, kogda pri faze 0,62- pereidet v sozvezdie Devy. Zdes' Luna primet fazu poslednei chetverti 29 dekabrya, a 30 dekabrya proidet severnee Spiki pri faze 0,38-. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii, Venera i Yupiter nablyudayutsya na fone utrennei zari, a Mars viden v vechernie i nochnye chasy. Saturn ne viden, a Uran i Neptun nahodyatsya na nochnom nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2018 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364103. Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Wirtanen (46P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Voznichego i Rysi s bleskom yarche 5m (vidimost' nevooruzhennym glazom!). Kometa P/Swift-Gehrels (64P) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Treugol'nika i Ovna, a kometa P/Stephan-Oterma (38P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Rysi. Obe nebesnye strannicy imeyut blesk okolo 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,0m) v sozvezdii Kozeroga i Yunona (8,1m) v sozvezdii Eridana.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: R Mikroskopa 9,2m - 24 dekabrya, U Zmei 8,5m - 25 dekabrya, U Perseya 8,1m - 26 dekabrya, S Bol'shoi Medvedicy 7,8m - 27 dekabrya, X Zhirafa 8,1m - 30 dekabrya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Yasli (M44), Luna - Spika, Venera - al'fa Vesov, Merkurii - Yupiter, Mars - Neptun, Saturn - M22, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya, kometa P/Wirtanen (46P) - Kapella.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 24 dekabrya - v 1554 godu, 25 dekabrya - v 1666 godu, 26 dekabrya - v 1144 godu, 27 dekabrya - v 1693 godu, 28 dekabrya - v 1712 godu, 29 dekabrya - v 1731 godu, 30 dekabrya - v 0251 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 27 dekabrya (7 zatmenii), a men'she vsego 26, 29 i 30 dekabrya (po 1 zatmeniyu). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca. Merkurii nablyudaetsya na fone utrennei zari levee Yupitera. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 17 gradusov k koncu nedeli. Uglovye razmery planety umen'shayutsya ot 5,7 do 5,2 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -0,3m i faze, kotoraya uvelichivaetsya 0,8 do 0,9. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide ovala. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,18 do 1,28 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2018 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2018.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov. Venera vidna na utrennem nebe (Utrennyaya zvezda). Rastushii serp planety mozhno nablyudat' v teleskop, a elongaciya ee k koncu nedeli uvelichitsya ot 46 do 47 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 29 do 27 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4,4m pri faze okolo 0,45. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,57 do 0,62 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2018.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Mars mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie i nochnye chasy v yuzhnoi chasti neba v vide yarkoi krasnovatoi zvezdy. Blesk Marsa snizhaetsya do +0,4m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 7,8 do 7,5 sekund dugi. Idet blagopriyatnyi period nablyudenii Marsa. V teleskop mozhno rassmotret' disk s krupnymi detalyami poverhnosti planety. Fotografirovanie planety s nalozheniem izobrazhenii pri pomoshi programmnogo obespecheniya, dadut luchshii rezul'tat po sravneniyu s vizual'nymi nablyudeniyami. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,19 do 1,25 a.e.. 27 iyulya Mars proshel velikoe protivostoyanie. Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2018.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca bliz Antaresa i Merkuriya. Yupiter mozhno naiti na fone utrennei zari. Uglovoi diametr planety imeet znachenie 32 sekundy dugi pri bleske okolo -1,7m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 6,20 a.e. k koncu nedeli. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2018.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Vidimost' Saturna zakonchilas', a na utrennem nebe on poyavitsya uzhe v sleduyushem godu. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 15 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm, no uzhe pri utrennei vidimosti v sleduyushem godu. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya do 11,04 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2018.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno v sozvezdii Ryb (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran nablyudaetsya noch'yu. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 19,40 do 19,51 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2018.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun viden noch'yu, a naiti ego mozhno pri pomoshi binoklya ili teleskopa. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 30,23 do 30,34 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2018.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 26 Dec 2018 15h10m55.08s -11 08.049' 2.648 3.237 8.9 45.9 59.21 106.2 Lib 31 Dec 2018 15h18m35.30s -11 40.231' 2.651 3.191 8.9 48.9 58.05 105.6 Lib Pallada (2) 26 Dec 2018 13h13m55.02s - 6 19.086' 2.302 2.362 9.0 74.4 54.06 83.1 Vir 31 Dec 2018 13h20m58.29s - 6 03.590' 2.312 2.307 9.0 78.0 52.26 80.1 Vir Yunona (3) 26 Dec 2018 3h33m19.52s - 3 12.810' 1.994 1.196 8.1 132.1 16.87 353.6 Eri 31 Dec 2018 3h33m27.82s - 2 36.329' 1.997 1.235 8.2 128.0 20.07 11.6 Eri Vesta (4) 16 Dec 2018 20h39m12.57s -22 08.618' 2.272 2.892 8.0 42.9 71.87 76.6 Cap 21 Dec 2018 20h49m16.28s -21 34.260' 2.276 2.937 8.0 40.2 72.35 75.8 Cap Geba (6) 26 Dec 2018 6h25m14.97s + 5 07.948' 2.216 1.261 8.4 161.6 43.13 294.1 Mon 31 Dec 2018 6h20m00.47s + 5 45.669' 2.227 1.271 8.5 162.0 43.55 297.5 Ori Garmoniya (40) 26 Dec 2018 4h43m17.05s +20 38.113' 2.240 1.297 9.9 158.1 32.20 274.1 Tau 31 Dec 2018 4h39m03.17s +20 43.072' 2.242 1.325 10.1 152.1 27.22 275.7 Tau Eros (433) 26 Dec 2018 4h10m21.21s +54 51.814' 1.168 0.227 9.2 140.7 87.69 177.8 Cam 31 Dec 2018 4h12m20.66s +51 40.772' 1.160 0.219 9.1 139.9 104.34 171.7 Per Gerkulina (532) 26 Dec 2018 9h52m54.33s +20 47.068' 2.457 1.704 9.7 130.2 22.24 15.7 Leo 31 Dec 2018 9h53m24.82s +21 32.509' 2.449 1.651 9.6 135.2 24.06 2.4 Leo a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2018 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
24 dekabrya, 09 chasov 50 minut - Luna (F= 0,96-) v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 361060 km ot centra Zemli.
25 dekabrya, utro - Luna (F= 0,9-) bliz zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
26 dekabrya, utro - Luna (F= 0,8-) bliz Regula.
27 dekabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Bol'shoi Medvedicy bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
28 dekabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa P/Wirtanen (46P) vidna nevooruzhennym glazom v sozvezdiyah Voznichego i Rysi.
29 dekabrya, noch' - Asteroid (6) Geba (8,5m) v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
29 dekabrya, 09 chasov 34 minuty - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
30 dekabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda X Zhirafa bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 27 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 27 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 27 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N12 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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