Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 21 po 27 yanvarya 2019 goda18.01.2019 6:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele v polnolunie 21 yanvarya proizoidet polnoe lunnoe zatmenie s maksimal'noi fazoi 1,2 pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti strany, na severe Rossii i na Dal'nem Vostoke. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 1,0) dostignet perigeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 357343 km ot centra Zemli i peresechet zvezdnoe skoplenie Yasli (M44). Lyubiteli astronomii smogut nablyudat' samuyu bol'shuyu Lunu v zatmenii v etom godu. 22 yanvarya Venera proidet v 2,4 gr. k severu ot Yupitera, a 23 yanvarya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda RS Vesov dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m). V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,95-) proidet bliz Regula. Kometa P/Wirtanen (46P) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Bol'shoi Medvedicy i yavlyaetsya nezahodyashim svetilom v srednih i severnyh shirotah. Asteroid Eros (433) bystro dvizhetsya na yug po sozvezdiyu Voznichego.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 15 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 8 chasov 20 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period umen'shaetsya do 32,49 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 21 yanvarya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Bliznecov, Raka, L'va, Devy i Vesov, izmenyaya fazu ot 1,0 do 0,5- i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Bliznecov. V sozvezdie Raka nochnoe svetilo pereidet 21 yanvarya, prinyav zdes' fazu polnoluniya bliz voshodyashego uzla svoei orbity. V eto polnolunie proizoidet polnoe lunnoe zatmenie polnost'yu vidimoe na severe strany. Polnuyu i chastnuyu fazy mozhno budet nablyudat' takzhe i na Evropeiskoi chasti strany i na vostoke Rossii. V etot zhe den' Luna peresechet rasseyannoe zvezdnoe skoplenie Yasli (M44) i proidet perigei svoei orbity. 22 yanvarya yarkii lunnyi disk pri faze 0,98- dostignet sozvezdiya L'va i ustremitsya k Regulu, severnee kotorogo proidet na sleduyushii den' pri faze 0,95-. V sozvezdii L'va Luna probudet do 24 yanvarya, kogda pri faze 0,83- pereidet v sozvezdie Devy. Zdes' lunnyi oval 26 yanvarya proidet severnee Spiki pri faze 0,63-. 27 yanvarya pri faze 0,51- Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Vesov i primet fazu poslednei chetverti. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii ne viden, Venera, Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya na fone utrennei zari, a Mars, Uran i Neptun nahodyatsya na vechernem nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2019 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364101 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Wirtanen (46P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Bol'shoi Medvedicy s bleskom okolo 7m. Kometa P/Stephan-Oterma (38P) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Rysi s bleskom slabee 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na yanvar', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,0m) v sozvezdiyah Kozeroga i Vodoleya i Yunona (8,6m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: T Zhuravlya 8,6m - 22 yanvarya, V Malogo Psa 8,7m - 23 yanvarya, RS Vesov 7,5m - 23 yanvarya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Yasli (M44), Luna - Regul, Luna - Spika, Venera - Yupiter, Venera - Antares, Saturn - M22, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya, kometa P/Wirtanen (46P) - kometa P/Stephan-Oterma (38P).
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 21 yanvarya - v 1395 godu, 22 yanvarya - v 1898 godu, 23 yanvarya - v 1441 godu, 24 yanvarya - v 1925 godu, 25 yanvarya - v 1944 godu, 26 yanvarya - v 0529 godu, 27 yanvarya - v 1721 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 22 i 24 yanvarya (po 6 zatmenii), a men'she vsego - 26 yanvarya (1 zatmenie). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Merkurii ne viden, t.k. nahoditsya bliz soedineniya s Solncem. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 3 gradusov k koncu nedeli. Uglovye razmery planety priderzhivayutsya znacheniya 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -1m i faze okolo 1,0. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 1,42 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2019 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god . 11 noyabrya 2019 goda Merkurii proidet po disku Solnca. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2019.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca. Venera vidna na utrennem nebe v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba. Ee mozhno nablyudat' dnem dazhe nevooruzhennym glazom. Oval planety mozhno nablyudat' v teleskop, a elongaciya ee priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 46 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 21,2 do 19,9 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4,2m pri faze okolo 0,6. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,78 do 0,84 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2019.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Mars mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie chasy v yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba v vide krasnovatoi zvezdy. Blesk Marsa snizhaetsya do +0,8m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 6,5 do 6,3 sekund dugi. Idet blagopriyatnyi period nablyudenii Marsa. V teleskop mozhno rassmotret' disk s krupnymi detalyami poverhnosti planety. Fotografirovanie planety s nalozheniem izobrazhenii pri pomoshi programmnogo obespecheniya, dadut luchshii rezul'tat po sravneniyu s vizual'nymi nablyudeniyami. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,43 do 1,49 a.e.. 27 iyulya 2018 goda Mars proshel velikoe protivostoyanie. Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2019.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca bliz Antaresa i Venery. Yupiter mozhno naiti na fone utrennei zari. Uglovoi diametr planety uvelichivaetsya do 33,4 sekundy dugi pri bleske okolo -1,8m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli ot 6,0 do 5,91 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na yanvar'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2019.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' na fone utrennei zari. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 15 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 11,0 do 10,96 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2019.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)).. Uran nablyudaetsya po vecheram. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 19,87 do 19,99 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2019.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun viden vecherom i noch'yu, a naiti ego mozhno pri pomoshi binoklya ili teleskopa. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 30,64 do 30,72 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2019.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 21 Jan 2019 15h49m14.15s -13 34.509' 2.666 2.974 8.8 62.4 51.80 103.0 Lib 26 Jan 2019 15h56m03.30s -13 56.820' 2.670 2.918 8.8 65.8 49.98 102.4 Lib Pallada (2) 21 Jan 2019 13h46m47.99s - 3 58.365' 2.355 2.070 8.8 94.1 45.00 61.7 Vir 26 Jan 2019 13h51m51.92s - 3 12.478' 2.366 2.014 8.7 98.3 43.72 55.7 Vir Yunona (3) 21 Jan 2019 3h42m30.99s + 0 43.930' 2.016 1.431 8.6 111.8 38.44 46.0 Tau 26 Jan 2019 3h46m31.38s + 1 38.052' 2.021 1.483 8.7 108.3 42.44 49.9 Tau Vesta (4) 21 Jan 2019 21h51m01.32s -17 15.974' 2.306 3.170 8.0 24.0 74.11 71.5 Cap 26 Jan 2019 22h00m48.33s -16 28.237' 2.311 3.199 8.0 21.4 74.21 71.0 Aqr Geba (6) 21 Jan 2019 6h01m58.36s + 9 03.641' 2.275 1.385 8.9 147.1 33.98 319.0 Ori 26 Jan 2019 5h59m20.19s + 9 55.104' 2.286 1.427 9.0 142.2 30.65 327.2 Ori Eros (433) 21 Jan 2019 4h44m24.16s +34 14.985' 1.137 0.210 9.2 132.6 151.03 153.1 Aur 26 Jan 2019 4h55m55.33s +29 47.470' 1.134 0.214 9.2 130.2 153.49 149.5 Aur Gerkulina (532) 21 Jan 2019 9h47m35.83s +25 31.320' 2.418 1.482 9.1 157.0 36.87 328.5 Leo 26 Jan 2019 9h44m27.22s +26 34.542' 2.411 1.457 9.0 161.5 39.14 324.0 Leo a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2019 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii yanvarya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na yanvar', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
21 yanvarya, 05 chasov 12 minut - Polnoe lunnoe zatmenie s maksimal'noi fazoi 1,2 bliz perigeya lunnoi orbity.
21 yanvarya, 05 chasov 16 minut - Polnolunie.
22 yanvarya, utro - Venera prohodit v 2,4 gr. k severu ot Yupitera.
23 yanvarya, utro - Luna (F= 0,95-) bliz Regula.
24 yanvarya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda RS Vesov bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
25 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa P/Wirtanen (46P) yavlyaetsya nezahodyashim svetilom v sozvezdii Bol'shoi Medvedicy.
26 yanvarya, utro - Luna (F= 0,6-) bliz Spiki.
27 yanvarya, 21 chas 11 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 24 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 24 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 24 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N1 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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