Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 15 po 21 aprelya 2019 goda5.04.2019 9:10 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 15 aprelya Luna (F= 0,78+) proidet bliz Regula, a Mars proidet v 6 gr. k severu ot Al'debarana. Na sleduyushii den' Luna pri faze 0,91+ dostignet perigeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 364207 km ot centra Zemli, a 18 aprelya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda X Zhirafa dostignet maksimuma bleska (7m). Krome etogo, Merkurii vsyu nedelyu nahoditsya v 4,5 gr. levee Venery, a meteornyi potok Liridy k koncu nedeli uvelichit chasovoe chislo meteorov pochti do maksimuma.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 46 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 14 chasov 35 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period umen'shaetsya do 31,84 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ryb do 18 aprelya, perehodya zatem v sozvezdie Ovna. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 19 aprelya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya L'va, Devy, Vesov, Skorpiona, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,75+ do 1,0, a zatem do 0,9- i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii L'va. Zdes' Luna sblizitsya s Regulom, severnee kotorogo proidet 15 aprelya pri faze 0,78+. Perigeya svoei orbity Luna dostignet 16 aprelya pri faze 0,91+ okolo granicy s sozvezdiem Devy, kuda pereidet v konce etogo dnya. Zdes' 19 aprelya Luna primet fazu polnoluniya bliz glavnoi zvezdy sozvezdiya Devy - Spika. V etot zhe den' pri faze 0,99- Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Vesov, gde probudet do 21 aprelya, umen'shiv fazu do 0,93- i pereidya v sozvezdie Skorpiona. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Venera mozhno naiti v luchah voshodyashego Solnca (luchshie usloviya nablyudenii budut v yuzhnyh shirotah), Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe, a Mars nahoditsya na vechernem nebe. Uran ne viden, a Neptun nablyudaetsya na utrennem nebe (v yuzhnyh shirotah). Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2019 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364101 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Wirtanen (46P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Malogo L'va s bleskom slabee 12m. Kometa Iwamoto (C/2018 Y1) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Perseya s bleskom slabee 12m, yavlyayas' nezahodyashim svetilom v severnyh raionah strany. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na aprel', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Cerera (7,9m) v sozvezdii Zmeenosca, Vesta (8,1m) v sozvezdii Kita i Pallada (7,9m) v sozvezdii Volopasa.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: SV Andromedy 8,7m - 17 aprelya, X Zhirafa 8,1m - 18 aprelya, R Mikroskopa 9,2m - 19 aprelya, T Pegasa 8,9m - 20 aprelya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Regul, Luna - Spika, Luna - Antares, Merkurii - Venera, Mars - Al'debaran, Yupiter - Antares, Saturn - omikron Strel'ca, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 15 aprelya - v 1847 godu, 16 aprelya - v 1893 godu, 17 aprelya - v 1912 godu, 18 aprelya - v 1558 godu, 19 aprelya v 1670 godu, 20 aprelya - v 1148 godu, 21 aprelya v 1697 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 16 aprelya (8 zatmenii), a men'she vsego - 20 aprelya (2 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Merkurii viden na utrennem nebe, no luchshie usloviya ego vidimosti v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli umen'shaetsya do 26 gradusov k zapadu. Uglovye razmery planety umen'shayutsya ot 7,3 do 6,6 sekund dugi pri bleske, vozrastayushem ot +0,2m do 0m i faze, uvelichivayusheisya za nedelyu ot 0,5 do 0,6. V teleskop Merkurii nablyudaetsya v vide nebol'shogo poludiska, perehodyashego v oval. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,92 do 1,02 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2019 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god . 11 noyabrya 2019 goda Merkurii proidet po disku Solnca. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2019.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyam Vodoleya i Ryb. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari. V teleskop viden oval planety bez detalei, a elongaciya ee sostavlyaet okolo 30 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 12,3 do 12,0 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze okolo 0,85. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,35 do 1,39 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2019.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Mars mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie chasy v zapadnoi chasti neba v vide krasnovatoi zvezdy. Blesk Marsa priderzhivaetsya znacheniya +1,5m, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 4,5 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk (samyi malen'kii iz vseh yarkih planet). Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 2,12 do 2,17 a.e.. 27 iyulya 2018 goda Mars proshel velikoe protivostoyanie. Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Sleduyushee protivostoyanie, blizkoe k velikomu, proizoidet 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya budet dostigat' 22,6 uglovyh sekund! Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2019.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca bliz Antaresa. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Uglovoi diametr planety uvelichivaetsya ot 41,6 do 42,4 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -2,3m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli ot 4,74 do 4,64 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na aprel'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2019.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,4m, a uglovoi diametr uvelichivaetsya ot 16,7 do 17,0 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 9,93 do 9,81 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2019.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran zakonchil vechernyuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,85 do 20,88 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu v periody luchshei vidimosti mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2019.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, no viden tol'ko v yuzhnyh shirotah. Disk planety v periody vidimosti razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,73 do 30,65 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2019.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 16 Apr 2019 16h52m46.97s -16 48.768' 2.730 1.961 7.9 131.4 7.52 249.3 Oph 21 Apr 2019 16h51m27.94s -16 54.096' 2.734 1.916 7.8 136.5 12.20 257.3 Oph Pallada (2) 16 Apr 2019 13h50m51.00s +19 43.618' 2.551 1.632 8.0 150.1 45.68 322.9 Boo 21 Apr 2019 13h46m57.79s +20 51.637' 2.563 1.658 8.0 147.5 41.47 319.4 Boo Yunona (3) 16 Apr 2019 5h49m44.63s +13 37.867' 2.162 2.435 9.8 62.4 72.06 80.2 Tau 21 Apr 2019 5h59m32.36s +14 00.899' 2.174 2.495 9.9 60.0 72.46 81.5 Ori Vesta (4) 16 Apr 2019 0h28m23.56s - 2 19.360' 2.390 3.304 8.2 20.5 70.18 68.3 Cet 21 Apr 2019 0h37m03.68s - 1 27.846' 2.395 3.288 8.2 22.9 69.61 68.5 Cet Irida (7) 16 Apr 2019 12h33m42.07s -11 48.491' 2.837 1.856 9.6 165.0 35.31 299.7 Crv 21 Apr 2019 12h29m42.35s -11 13.779' 2.844 1.880 9.7 159.6 32.77 301.6 Vir Gerkulina (532) 16 Apr 2019 9h16m18.88s +32 26.280' 2.321 1.844 10.0 105.4 24.87 117.2 Cnc 21 Apr 2019 9h20m07.45s +32 01.700' 2.317 1.896 10.0 101.6 29.33 116.7 Cnc a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2019 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na aprel', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
15 aprelya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,78+) bliz Regula.
16 aprelya, 22 chasa 06 minut - Luna (F= 0,91+) v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 364207 km ot centra Zemli.
17 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Mars bliz Al'debarana.
18 aprelya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda X Zhirafa dostigaet maksimuma bleska (7m).
19 aprelya, 11 chasov 10 minut - Polnolunie.
20 aprelya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Pegasa dostigaet maksimuma bleska (7,5m).
21 aprelya, utro - Luna (F= 0,95-) bliz Antaresa.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 18 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 18 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 18 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N4 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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