Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 29 aprelya po 5 maya 2019 goda7.04.2019 6:58 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 30 aprelya Saturn dostignet stoyaniya s perehodom ot pryamogo dvizheniya k popyatnomu, a Luna (F= 0,2-) proidet bliz Neptuna. 2 maya Luna (F= 0,06-) budet nahodit'sya bliz Venery, a 3 maya Luna (F= 0,03-) proidet bliz Merkuriya. 4 maya Luna (F= 0,01-) proidet bliz Urana, a 4 maya - dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Centavra bliz maksimuma bleska (5m).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 50 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 15 chasov 35 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period umen'shaetsya do 31,71 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 4 maya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vodoleya, Ryb, Ovna i Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,3- do 0,0 i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vodoleya. Zdes' 30 aprelya pri faze 0,2- proidet yuzhnee Neptuna, i zakonchit svoi put' po aprel'skomu nebu pri faze 0,15-. V pervyi den' maya tayushii serp pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, a zatem i Kita, umen'shiv fazu do 0,1-. 2 maya, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kita, Luna proidet yuzhnee Venery pri faze 0,06-, a 3 maya pri faze 0,03- budet nablyudat'sya yuzhnee Merkuriya uzhe v sozvezdii Ryb. 4 maya tonkii mesyac pereidet v sozvezdie Kita pri faze 0,01-, nahodyas' yuzhnee Urana. V etot zhe den' Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Ovna, gde primet fazu novoluniya, a 5 maya pri faze 0,01+ molodoi mesyac vstupit v sozvezdie Tel'ca. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Venera nablyudayutsya na fone utrennei zari v yuzhnyh shirotah strany, Yupiter i Saturn vidny na nochnom i utrennem nebe, a Mars nahoditsya na vechernem nebe. Uran ne viden, a Neptun nablyudaetsya na utrennem nebe (v yuzhnyh shirotah strany). Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2019 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364101 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Iwamoto (C/2018 Y1) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Perseya s bleskom slabee 12m, yavlyayas' nezahodyashim svetilom v severnyh raionah strany. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na aprel', KN na mai, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Cerera (7,5m) v sozvezdii Zmeenosca, Vesta (8,2m) v sozvezdii Kita i Pallada (8,2m) v sozvezdii Volopasa.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: X Kita 8,8 - 29 aprelya, RZ Skorpiona 8,8m - 30 aprelya, Z Orla 9,0m - 30 aprelya, T Centavra 5,5m - 4 maya, U Mikroskopa 8,8m - 4 maya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Neptun, Luna - Venera, Luna - Merkurii, Luna - Uran, Merkurii - Venera, Yupiter - Antares, Saturn - omikron Strel'ca, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya, Pallada - Arktur, Flora - Partenopa.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 29 aprelya - v 1585 godu, 30 aprelya - v 1688 godu, 1 maya - v 1185 godu, 2 maya - v 1212 godu, 3 maya - v 1753 godu, 4 maya - v 0813 godu, 5 maya - v 1380 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 1 maya (7 zatmenii), a men'she vsego - 2 maya (2 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Merkurii viden na utrennem nebe, no luchshie usloviya ego vidimosti v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli umen'shaetsya do 18 gradusov k zapadu. Uglovye razmery planety umen'shayutsya ot 6,0 do 5,5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -0,5m i faze, uvelichivayusheisya za nedelyu ot 0,7 do 0,8. V teleskop Merkurii nablyudaetsya v vide nebol'shogo ovala. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,12 do 1,21 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2019 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god . 11 noyabrya 2019 goda Merkurii proidet po disku Solnca. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2019.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari. V teleskop viden oval planety bez detalei, a elongaciya ee sostavlyaet okolo 27 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 11,6 do 11,3 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze okolo 0,85. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,43 do 1,47 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2019.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Mars mozhno nablyudat' po vecheram v zapadnoi chasti neba v vide krasnovatoi zvezdy. Blesk Marsa priderzhivaetsya znacheniya +1,6m, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 4 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk (samyi malen'kii iz vseh yarkih planet). Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 2,23 do 2,27 a.e.. 27 iyulya 2018 goda Mars proshel velikoe protivostoyanie. Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Sleduyushee protivostoyanie, blizkoe k velikomu, proizoidet 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya budet dostigat' 22,6 uglovyh sekund! Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2019.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca bliz Antaresa. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Uglovoi diametr planety uvelichivaetsya ot 43,3 do 44,0 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -2,4m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli ot 4,56 do 4,48 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na aprel' i KN na mai. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2019.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, 30 aprelya menyaya dvizhenie na popyatnoe. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,4m, a uglovoi diametr uvelichivaetsya ot 17,1 do 17,3 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 9,70 do 9,59 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2019.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, no ne viden. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,85 do 29,83 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu v periody luchshei vidimosti mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2019.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, no viden tol'ko v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Disk planety v periody vidimosti razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,58 do 30,47 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2019.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 1 May 2019 16h46m50.52s -17 04.981' 2.742 1.840 7.6 147.2 21.31 262.5 Oph 6 May 2019 16h43m36.43s -17 10.628' 2.746 1.810 7.5 152.8 25.35 263.5 Oph Pallada (2) 1 May 2019 13h39m37.93s +22 36.851' 2.588 1.730 8.2 140.5 31.58 311.8 Boo 6 May 2019 13h36m24.77s +23 13.798' 2.600 1.773 8.3 136.6 26.18 307.4 Boo Vesta (4) 1 May 2019 0h54m12.58s + 0 12.347' 2.405 3.247 8.2 28.0 68.37 69.0 Cet 6 May 2019 1h02m41.12s + 1 00.807' 2.409 3.223 8.2 30.5 67.66 69.3 Cet Irida (7) 1 May 2019 12h23m03.26s -10 08.222' 2.855 1.947 9.9 148.5 25.83 306.5 Vir 6 May 2019 12h20m31.32s - 9 38.796' 2.861 1.990 10.0 143.1 21.70 310.2 Vir Flora (8) 1 May 2019 15h33m15.03s -10 20.741' 2.536 1.552 9.9 164.1 36.73 284.3 Lib 6 May 2019 15h28m15.75s -10 02.974' 2.534 1.537 9.8 168.8 38.86 282.8 Lib Partenopa (11) 1 May 2019 15h42m42.04s -11 58.615' 2.435 1.456 9.8 162.3 31.22 286.6 Lib 6 May 2019 15h38m25.10s -11 40.893' 2.429 1.435 9.7 167.4 33.96 284.9 Lib Massaliya (20) 1 May 2019 16h06m17.32s -20 19.636' 2.608 1.653 10.2 156.6 29.87 282.5 Sco 6 May 2019 16h01m54.88s -20 05.936' 2.614 1.634 10.1 162.5 33.09 282.6 Lib a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2019 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya i maya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na aprel', KN na mai, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
29 aprelya, i vsyu nedelyu - Asteroidy Flora i Panteropa v 3 gr. drug ot druga.
30 aprelya, 03 chasa 00 minut - Saturn v stoyanii s perehodom ot pryamogo dvizheniya k popyatnomu.
01 maya, utro - Luna (F= 0,15-) bliz Neptuna.
02 maya, utro - Luna (F= 0,09-) bliz Venery.
03 maya, utro - Luna (F= 0,04-) bliz Merkuriya.
04 maya, 22 chasa 46 minut - Novolunie.
05 maya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Centavra bliz maksimuma bleska (5m).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 2 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 2 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 2 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N4 i 5 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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