Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 15 po 21 iyulya 2019 goda12.07.2019 5:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 15 iyulya Luna (F= 0,99+) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a 16 iyulya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,99+) Saturna pri vidimosti v Yuzhnoi Amerike i akvatorii Tihogo okeana. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,99+) okazhetsya v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity i proizoidet chastnoe lunnoe zatmenie (Fmaks.= 0,65) pri vidimosti v Rossii i SNG. 18 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Raka dostignet maksimuma bleska (5,5m), v 20 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Vorona dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m). 21 iyulya Luna (F= 0,85-) proidet apogei svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405478 km ot centra Zemli (bliz Neptuna), v Merkurii vstupit v nizhnee soedinenie s Solncem. Krome etogo, prodolzhaetsya period poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na fone sumerechnogo segmenta v srednih shirotah strany, a Mars v nachale nedeli budet nahodit'sya v zvezdnom skoplenii Yasli (M44).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 54 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 16 chasov 40 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 31,48 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov, 20 iyulya perehodya v sozvezdie Raka. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 16 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Strel'ca, Kozeroga i Vodoleya, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,95+ do 0,8- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Strel'ca. Zdes' 15 iyulya Luna proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora pri faze 0,99. 16 iyulya pochti polnaya Luna dostignet nishodyashego uzla svoei orbity i pokroet Saturn pri vidimosti v Yuzhnoi Amerike i akvatorii Tihogo okeana. Prinyav v etot zhe den' fazu polnoluniya, lunnyi disk skroetsya za zemnoi ten'yu, t.e. proizoidet chastnoe lunnoe zatmenie (Fmaks.= 0,65) pri vidimosti v Rossii (krome severnyi raionov strany, gde Luna v etot den' ne voshodit). Posle etogo nebesnogo shou yarkaya Luna ustremitsya k sozvezdiyu Kozeroga, kotorogo dostignet 17 iyulya pri faze 0,99-. 19 iyulya Luna pri faze 0,94- voidet v sozvezdie Vodoleya, gde v noch' s 20 na 21 iyulya dostignet apogeya svoei orbity (F= 0,85-) na rasstoyanii 405478 km ot centra Zemli. 21 iyulya lunnyi oval pri faze 0,83- proidet yuzhnee Neptuna Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Mars skryvayutsya v luchah zahodyashego Solnca, Venera zakanchivaet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Yupiter i Saturn vidny vsyu noch'. Uran i Neptun nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2019 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364101 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Africano (C/2018 W2) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Zhirafa s bleskom slabee 12m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyul', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Cerera (8,1m) v sozvezdii Vesov i Vesta (8,1m) v sozvezdii Kita.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: Y Perseya 8,4m - 16 iyulya, R Raka 6,8m - 18 iyulya, R Yashericy 9,1m - 18 iyulya, RT Centavra 9,0m - 19 iyulya, U Zmei 8,5m - 19 iyulya, R Vorona 7,5m - 20 iyulya, S Yuzhnoi Ryby 9,0m - 20 iyulya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Saturn, Luna - Neptun, Merkurii - Yasli (M44), Mars - Yasli (M44), Merkurii - Mars, Yupiter - Antares, Saturn - omikron Strel'ca, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya, Pallada - Arktur.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 15 iyulya - v 1292 godu, 16 iyulya - 1795 godu, 17 iyulya - v 1833 godu, 18 iyulya - v 1860 godu, 19 iyulya - v 0939 godu, 20 iyulya - v 1963 godu, 21 iyulya - v 1656 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 20 iyulya (7 zatmenii), a men'she vsego - 15 iyulya (2 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Raka. Merkurii zakanchivaet vechernyuyu vidimost' i vstupaet v soedinenie s Solncem v konce nedeli. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya k koncu nedeli do 5 gradusov. V teleskop v nachale nedeli mozhno nablyudat' nebol'shoi serp s uglovymi razmerami okolo 11 sekund dugi pri bleske, kotoryi snizhaetsya za nedelyu ot +3m do +5m i faze 0,05. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 0,58 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2019 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god . 11 noyabrya 2019 goda Merkurii proidet po disku Solnca. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2019.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Venera zakanchivaet utrennyuyu vidimost'. V teleskop viden nebol'shoi disk planety bez detalei, a elongaciya ee umen'shaetsya do 7 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 10 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze blizkoi k 1,0. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 1,72 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2019.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Raka. Mars zakanchivaet vechernyuyu vidimost'. Blesk Marsa priderzhivaetsya znacheniya +1,8m, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet menee 4 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk (samyi malen'kii iz vseh yarkih planet). Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 2,61 do 2,63 a.e.. 27 iyulya 2018 goda Mars proshel velikoe protivostoyanie. Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Sleduyushee protivostoyanie, blizkoe k velikomu, proizoidet 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya budet dostigat' 22,6 uglovyh sekund! Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2019.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca bliz Antaresa. Yupiter nablyudaetsya vsyu noch'. Eto samyi blagopriyatnyi period v godu dlya nablyudenii planety, hotya Yupiter kul'miniruet v srednih shirotah nevysoko nad gorizontom, a vyshe severnogo polyarnogo kruga sovsem ne viden. Uglovoi diametr planety umen'shaetsya do 43,8 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,3m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,43 - 4,49 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyul'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2019.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' vsyu noch'. On nahoditsya okolo protivostoyaniya s Solncem. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie 0m, a uglovoi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 18 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 9,04 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2019.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,06 do 19,96 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu v periody luchshei vidimosti mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom (osen'yu etogo goda). Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2019.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,36 do 29,27 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2019.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. 16 Jul 2019 15h53m03.80s -19 23.541' 2.801 2.066 8.1 127.3 8.58 203.0 Lib 21 Jul 2019 15h52m54.43s -19 39.880' 2.805 2.124 8.2 122.6 8.52 172.2 Lib Pallada (2) 16 Jul 2019 13h45m57.93s +19 32.920' 2.772 2.679 9.6 84.5 34.55 126.4 Boo 21 Jul 2019 13h50m03.78s +18 51.351' 2.784 2.748 9.6 81.4 36.84 124.9 Boo Vesta (4) 16 Jul 2019 2h52m24.07s + 9 33.171' 2.472 2.636 8.1 69.6 50.35 77.5 Cet 21 Jul 2019 2h58m55.88s + 9 53.835' 2.476 2.581 8.1 72.7 48.34 78.4 Cet Evnomiya (15) 16 Jul 2019 21h42m00.80s - 7 03.083' 2.461 1.546 8.9 147.0 23.99 293.8 Aqr 21 Jul 2019 21h38m45.75s - 6 45.093' 2.451 1.506 8.7 152.2 27.70 287.4 Aqr Psiheya (16) 16 Jul 2019 21h20m44.17s -13 44.373' 2.745 1.792 9.9 154.6 22.32 247.7 Aqr 21 Jul 2019 21h17m40.74s -14 02.472' 2.738 1.761 9.8 160.2 25.68 248.0 Aqr Mel'pomena (18) 16 Jul 2019 18h23m37.04s -10 03.261' 2.231 1.254 9.3 158.6 38.33 247.6 Sct 21 Jul 2019 18h19m01.80s -10 33.995' 2.218 1.260 9.4 153.9 35.87 243.4 Ser Laetitia (39) 16 Jul 2019 21h57m50.67s - 6 13.543' 2.555 1.667 10.0 143.2 15.44 228.6 Aqr 21 Jul 2019 21h56m00.91s - 6 36.368' 2.550 1.628 9.9 148.4 20.13 231.2 Aqr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2019 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyulya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyul', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
15 iyulya, 22 chasa 00 minut - Luna (F= 0,99+) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
16 iyulya, 20 chasov 01 minuta - Nachalo chastnogo lunnogo zatmeniya (Fmaks.= 0,65) pri vidimosti v Rossii i SNG.
16 iyulya, 21 chas 38 minut - Polnolunie.
17 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov.
18 iyulya, vecher - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Raka dostigaet maksimuma bleska (5,5m).
19 iyulya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Zmei dostigaet maksimuma bleska (7,5m).
20 iyulya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Vorona dostigaet maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
21 iyulya, 00 chasov 02 minuty - Luna (F= 0,85-) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405478 km ot centra Zemli.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 18 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 18 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 18 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N7 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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