Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 7 po 13 oktyabrya 2019 goda27.09.2019 6:34 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 9 oktyabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Drakonidy (ZHR= 20 - 100), a 10 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,91+) dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405901 km ot centra Zemli. V etot zhe den' dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Perseya dostignet maksimuma bleska (7m), a 11 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,92+) proidet bliz Neptuna. V konce nedeli polnaya Luna budet ukrashat' nebo vsyu noch'.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 26 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 10 chasov 40 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,06 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Devy. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 13 oktyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Strel'ca, Kozeroga, Vodoleya i Ryb, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,6+ do 1,0 i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Strel'ca. Zatem lunnyi poludisk ustremitsya k sozvezdiyu Kozeroga, kotorogo dostignet 7 oktyabrya pri faze 0,64+. Zdes' nochnoe svetilo probudet do 9 oktyabrya, pereidya v etot den' v sozvezdie Vodoleya pri faze 0,83+. Zdes' 10 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,91+) dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405901 km ot centra Zemli, a zatem proidet yuzhnee Neptuna pri faze 0,92+. 11 oktyabrya yarkaya Luna (F= 0,96+) pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, na sleduyushii den' dostignuv sozvezdiya Kita pri faze 0,98+. 13 oktyabrya Luna vnov' pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, chtoby prinyat' zdes' fazu polnoluniya. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Venera vidny na fone vechernei zari v yuzhnyh raionah strany. Mars mozhno naiti na fone utrennei zari, a Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya v vechernee vremya. Uran i Neptun nahodyatsya na nochnom nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2019 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364101 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Africano (C/2018 W2) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya s bleskom okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (6,9m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: S Volopasa 8,4m - 9 oktyabrya, U Perseya 8,1m - 10 oktyabrya, V Tel'ca 9,2m - 11 oktyabrya, RV Orla 9,0m - 11 oktyabrya, X Orla 8,9m - 12 oktyabrya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Saturn, Luna - Neptun, Luna - Uran, Merkurii - Venera, Merkurii - Spika, Venera - Spika, Yupiter - Antares, Saturn - omikron Strel'ca, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 7 oktyabrya - v 1782 godu, 8 oktyabrya - 0321 godu, 9 oktyabrya - v 1809 godu, 10 oktyabrya - v 1912 godu, 11 oktyabrya - v 1455 godu, 12 oktyabrya - v 1977 godu, 13 oktyabrya - v 1632 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 9 oktyabrya (7 zatmenii), a men'she vsego 8, 10 i 13 oktyabrya (po 2 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy, 8 oktyabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Vesov. Merkurii viden na fone vechernei zari v yuzhnyh raionah strany, no pri yasnom gorizonte ego mozhno popytat'sya obnaruzhit' i v srednih shirotah. Elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli uvelichivaetsya do 24 gradusov. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya sostavlyayut okolo 6 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo 0m i faze 0,80 - 0,72. V teleskop viden krohotnyi oval bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,21 do 1,11 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2019 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god . 11 noyabrya 2019 goda Merkurii proidet po disku Solnca. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2019.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy bliz Spiki. Venera imeet vechernyuyu vidimost', i vidna v yuzhnyh raionah strany v luchah zahodyashego Solnca. Blagodarya svoei yarkosti planeta mozhet byt' naidena i v srednih shirotah (posle zahoda Solnca) u samogo gorizonta. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya do 16 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 10 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze blizkoi k 0,95. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 1,65 do 1,63 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2019.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy. Mars imeet utrennyuyu vidimost' i mozhet byt' naiden na fone zari u vostochnogo gorizonta. Blesk planety priderzhivaetsya znacheniya +1,7m, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet menee 4 sekund dugi. Eto samyi malen'kii vidimyi diametr iz vseh yarkih planet. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,62 do 2,60 a.e.. Blizkoe k velikomu protivostoyanie planety nastupit 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya budet dostigat' 22,6 uglovyh sekund! Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2019.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca bliz Antaresa. Yupiter nablyudaetsya v vechernie chasy. Uglovoi diametr planety umen'shaetsya do 34,7 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,59 - 5,69 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2019.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca bliz trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi etogo sozvezdiya. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' na vechernem i nochnom nebe. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr sostavlyaet menee 17 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 9,98 do 10,10 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2019.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran nablyudaetsya vsyu noch'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 18,90 do 18,86 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2019.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno nablyudat' vsyu noch'. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 29,04 do 29,10 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2019.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 6 Oct 2019 16h55m05.68s -24 48.973' 2.862 3.171 9.1 63.1 47.72 100.7 Oph 11 Oct 2019 17h02m06.32s -25 06.161' 2.865 3.234 9.1 59.8 49.14 99.8 Oph Vesta (4) 6 Oct 2019 3h46m59.90s +10 19.012' 2.529 1.725 7.1 134.6 13.80 239.3 Tau 11 Oct 2019 3h45m01.67s +10 04.329' 2.531 1.685 7.0 139.8 18.85 246.2 Tau Metida (9) 6 Oct 2019 2h25m03.60s + 7 11.481' 2.177 1.230 9.1 155.0 26.38 255.2 Cet 11 Oct 2019 2h21m18.85s + 6 57.539' 2.172 1.205 9.0 160.6 30.99 256.6 Cet Evnomiya (15) 6 Oct 2019 20h49m19.01s - 6 06.155' 2.310 1.640 9.1 120.2 8.56 80.7 Aqr 11 Oct 2019 20h50m49.08s - 6 02.434' 2.302 1.685 9.2 115.8 14.14 80.4 Aqr Lutetia (21) 6 Oct 2019 0h18m41.82s - 4 03.610' 2.094 1.104 9.6 169.0 33.07 252.6 Psc 11 Oct 2019 0h14m38.73s - 4 21.377' 2.100 1.123 9.8 163.6 29.88 254.9 Psc Amfitrita (29) 6 Oct 2019 1h13m23.59s +11 49.868' 2.410 1.419 8.9 170.0 35.29 260.1 Psc 11 Oct 2019 1h08m34.94s +11 36.675' 2.408 1.412 8.7 174.9 36.40 258.7 Psc a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2019 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii oktyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
07 oktyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Venera nahoditsya bliz Spiki.
08 oktyabrya, vecher - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Volopasa bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
09 oktyabrya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Drakonidy (ZHR= 20 - 100).
10 oktyabrya, 18 chasov 29 minut - Luna (F= 0,91+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405901 km ot centra Zemli.
11 oktyabrya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Perseya bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
12 oktyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Merkurii nahoditsya bliz Venery.
13 oktyabrya, 21 chas 09 minut - Polnolunie.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 10 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 10 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 10 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 10 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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