Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 9 po 15 dekabrya 2019 goda23.11.2019 6:31 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 11 dekabrya Venera proidet v 1,8 gr. yuzhnee Saturna, a Luna (F= 0,99+) proidet severnee Al'debarana. 12 dekabrya pri faze polnoluniya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi zvezdy dzeta Tel'ca (3,0m) pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii i v Sibiri, a 13 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,98-) okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,97-) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a takzhe nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Geminidy (ZHR= 120) iz sozvezdiya Bliznecov. 15 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,86-) proidet severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 7 chasov 05 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,50 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 12 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Ryb, Ovna, Tel'ca, Bliznecov i Raka, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,9+ do 1, a zatem do 0,8- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii (do 13 dekabrya, a zatem - umen'shaya). Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Kita. 9 dekabrya Luna pri faze 0,9+ dostignet sozvezdiya Ovna, a 10 dekabrya (uvelichiv fazu do 0,95+) pereidet sozvezdie Tel'ca. Zdes' 11 dekabrya pochti polnaya Luna pri faze 0,99+ proidet severnee Al'debarana, a na sleduyushii den' primet fazu polnoluniya. 12 dekabrya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,99-) zvezdy dzeta Tel'ca (3,0m) pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii i v Sibiri. Posetiv v etot zhe den' sozvezdie Oriona, yarkii lunnyi disk pereidet v sozvezdie Bliznecov. Zdes' 13 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,97-) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora bliz voshodyashego uzla svoei orbity. Sozvezdiya Raka Luna dostignet okolo polunochi 15 dekabrya pri faze 0,9-. V etot zhe den' pri faze 0,86- Luna proidet severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44), ustremivshis' k sozvezdiyu L'va. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Mars nablyudayutsya po utram, a Venera, Yupiter i Saturn nahodyatsya na vechernem nebe. Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2019 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364101 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Perseya s bleskom okolo 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,0m) v sozvezdii Kita.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: S Gerkulesa 7,6m - 11 dekabrya i Z Del'fina 8,8m - 12 dekabrya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Uran, Luna - Al'debaran (Pleyady i Giady), Luna - Yasli (M44), Mars - Spika, Merkurii - Mars, Yupiter - Antares, Yupiter - Venera, Venera - Antares, Saturn - omikron Strel'ca, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya, kometa C/2018 N2 ( ASASSN ) - M31.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 9 dekabrya - v 1825 godu, 10 dekabrya - 1368 godu, 11 dekabrya - v 1852 godu, 12 dekabrya - v 1890 godu, 13 dekabrya - v 1536 godu, 14 dekabrya - v 1648 godu, 15 dekabrya - v 1563 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 9 dekabrya (7 zatmenii), a men'she vsego 11 dekabrya (1 zatmenie). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov, 11 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Skorpiona, a 14 dekabrya - v sozvezdie Zmeenosca. Merkurii umen'shaet elongaciyu ot 17 do 14 gradusov k zapadu, nablyudayas' na fone utrennei zari u yugo-vostochnogo gorizonta (levee Marsa). Uglovye razmery Merkuriya sostavlyayut okolo 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -0,5m i faze 0,85 - 0,92. V teleskop mozhno uvidet' krohotnyi oval bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,22 do 1,32 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2019 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2019.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Venera nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari u yugo-zapadnogo gorizonta. Blagodarya svoei yarkosti planeta mozhet byt' naidena i dnem nevooruzhennym glazom. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya do 31 gradusa. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 12 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze blizkoi k 0,85. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 1,40 do 1,36 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2019.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov. Mars imeet utrennyuyu vidimost' i viden na fone zari u yugo-vostochnogo gorizonta. Blesk planety priderzhivaetsya znacheniya +1,6m, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 4 sekund dugi. Eto samyi malen'kii vidimyi diametr iz vseh yarkih planet. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk, na kotorom v dostatochno sil'nye lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' krupneishie detali poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,34 do 2,30 a.e.. 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda nastupit protivostoyanie (blizkoe k velikomu) planety (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya dostignet 22,6 uglovyh sekund! Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2019.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari u yugo-zapadnogo gorizonta, zakanchivaya vidimost'. Uglovoi diametr planety umen'shaetsya ot 31,9 do 31,8 sekund dugi pri bleske -1,8m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 6,18 - 6,20 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi imeyut neblagopriyatnuyu vidimost'. Eti yavleniya mozhno budet nablyudat' uzhe v sleduyushem godu vo vremya utrennei vidimosti Yupitera. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2019.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca bliz trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi etogo sozvezdiya. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' na vechernem nebe. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 15,5 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,86 do 10,91 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2019.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran nablyudaetsya pochti vsyu noch'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 19,09 do 19,18 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2019.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno nablyudat' bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 29,93 do 30,05 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2019.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
11 Dec 2019 18h41m36.35s -26 40.870' 2.904 3.800 9.1 21.2 58.94 88.8 Sgr
16 Dec 2019 18h50m25.16s -26 37.492' 2.907 3.825 9.1 18.2 59.25 87.9 Sgr
Vesta (4)
11 Dec 2019 2h52m32.51s + 8 08.062' 2.558 1.695 7.0 144.0 23.08 278.6 Cet
16 Dec 2019 2h49m47.90s + 8 16.768' 2.559 1.738 7.1 138.5 18.58 286.4 Cet
Metida (9)
11 Dec 2019 1h38m20.86s + 6 47.669' 2.120 1.377 9.6 126.8 11.63 7.3 Psc
16 Dec 2019 1h38m57.06s + 7 12.675' 2.117 1.423 9.7 122.1 15.42 29.2 Psc
Evnomiya (15)
11 Dec 2019 21h54m45.87s - 2 01.521' 2.216 2.312 9.9 72.1 60.12 72.7 Aqr
16 Dec 2019 22h02m32.97s - 1 24.628' 2.210 2.362 9.9 69.1 62.29 72.2 Aqr
Amfitrita (29)
11 Dec 2019 0h42m00.48s +10 06.147' 2.382 1.791 10.0 115.1 15.16 68.4 Psc
16 Dec 2019 0h44m14.26s +10 19.056' 2.381 1.848 10.1 110.7 20.19 68.7 Psc
Klotho (97)
11 Dec 2019 4h36m20.95s - 0 53.656' 1.984 1.048 9.9 154.9 29.60 277.7 Eri
16 Dec 2019 4h32m36.12s - 0 41.494' 1.985 1.061 10.0 152.1 27.88 287.1 Eri
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2019 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
09 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,9+) bliz Urana.
10 dekabrya, vecher - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Gerkulesa bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
11 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,99+) prohodit severnee Al'debarana.
12 dekabrya, 05 chasov 13 minut - Polnolunie.
13 dekabrya noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Geminidy (ZHR= 120) iz sozvezdiya Bliznecov.
14 dekabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa C/2018 N2 ( ASASSN ) bliz M31.
15 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,86-) prohodit severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 12 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 12 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 12 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 12 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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