Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 30 dekabrya 2019 goda po 5 yanvarya 2020 goda27.11.2019 7:40 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 31 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,3+) proidet bliz Neptuna, a 2 yanvarya nochnoe svetilo okazhetsya (F= 0,4+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404576 km ot centra Zemli. V etot zhe den' Merkurii proidet v polutora gradusah yuzhnee Yupitera, a 3 yanvarya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Kvadrantidy (ZHR= 120) iz sozvezdiya Volopasa. 4 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,66+) proidet bliz Urana, a 5 yanvarya Zemlya dostignet perigeliya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 0,9832436 a.e. ot Solnca.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote uvelichivaetsya do 7 chasov 10 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,54 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 3 yanvarya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Kozeroga, Vodoleya i Ovna, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,15+ do 0,75+ i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Kozeroga. 30 dekabrya pri faze 0,17+ rastushii serp dostignet sozvezdiya Vodoleya, nablyudayas' na fone vechernei zari. Zdes' 31 dekabrya Luna pri faze 0,3+ proidet yuzhnee Neptuna i zakonchit svoi put' po nebu 2019 goda. K koncu pervogo dnya 2020 goda lunnyi serp pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, nablyudayas' na fone vechernei zari bliz Venery. Zdes' 2 yanvarya rastushii mesyac pri faze 0,4+ proidet apogei svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404576 km ot centra Zemli, a zatem pereidet v sozvezdie Kita pri faze 0,44+. Prinyav fazu pervoi chetverti 3 yanvarya, lunnyi poludisk pri faze 0,55+ snova posetit sozvezdie Ryb, gde 4 yanvarya proidet yuzhnee Urana pri faze 0,66+, a zatem snova pereidet v sozvezdie Kita. Sozvezdiya Ovna oval Luny dostignet 5 yanvarya pri faze 0,71+. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Yupiter ne vidny, a Mars nablyudaetsya po utram. Venera i Saturn nahodyatsya na vechernem nebe, Uran mozhno nablyudat' bol'shuyu chast' nochi, a Neptun viden v vechernie chasy. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Zhirafa s bleskom okolo 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', KN na yanvar', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,4m) v sozvezdii Kita.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: S Skul'ptora 6,7m - 31 dekabrya, Z Lebedya 8,7m - 1 yanvarya, X Severnoi Korony 9,1m - 3 yanvarya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Venera, Luna - Neptun, Luna - Uran, Merkurii - Antares, Merkurii - Yupiter, Yupiter - Antares, Saturn - omikron Strel'ca, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya, kometa C/2018 N2 ( ASASSN ) - M31.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Merkurii umen'shaet elongaciyu ot 7 do 3 gradusov k zapadu, poetomu ne viden. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya sostavlyayut okolo 5 sekund dugi pri bleske -1m i faze okolo 1,0. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,43 do 1,44 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Venera nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari u yugo-zapadnogo gorizonta v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba. Blagodarya svoei yarkosti planeta mozhet byt' naidena i dnem nevooruzhennym glazom. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya do 35,5 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 13 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze blizkoi k 0,8. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 1,29 do 1,25 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov. Mars imeet utrennyuyu vidimost' i viden na fone zari u yugo-vostochnogo gorizonta. Blesk planety priderzhivaetsya znacheniya +1,5m, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet bolee 4 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk, na kotorom v dostatochno sil'nye lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' krupneishie detali poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,20 do 2,15 a.e.. 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda nastupit protivostoyanie (blizkoe k velikomu) planety (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya dostignet 22,6 uglovyh sekund! Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Yupiter ne viden, t.k. nahoditsya okolo soedineniya s Solncem. Uglovoi diametr planety priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 31,8 sekund dugi pri bleske -1,8m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 6,20 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v period vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi mozhno budet nablyudat' uzhe v sleduyushem godu vo vremya utrennei vidimosti Yupitera. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr' i KN na yanvar'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca bliz trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi etogo sozvezdiya. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' na vechernem nebe. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 15 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno budet nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm vo vremya utrennei vidimosti v 2020 godu. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 11,0 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran nablyudaetsya bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 19,39 do 19,50 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie chasy. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 30,28 do 30,39 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
1 Jan 2020 19h18m46.66s -26 14.947' 2.916 3.883 8.9 8.9 59.85 85.3 Sgr
6 Jan 2020 19h27m38.23s -26 04.367' 2.919 3.894 8.9 6.3 59.89 84.5 Sgr
Vesta (4)
1 Jan 2020 2h45m44.37s + 9 07.327' 2.564 1.905 7.4 121.9 10.42 355.1 Cet
6 Jan 2020 2h45m57.89s + 9 29.442' 2.565 1.964 7.5 117.0 12.46 19.9 Cet
Astreya (5)
1 Jan 2020 8h23m25.59s +14 41.766' 2.120 1.188 9.6 154.7 23.69 294.7 Cnc
6 Jan 2020 8h20m08.30s +15 03.586' 2.115 1.162 9.4 160.6 28.63 294.5 Cnc
Evnomiya (15)
1 Jan 2020 22h28m59.09s + 0 49.238' 2.194 2.514 10.0 60.0 68.25 70.6 Aqr
6 Jan 2020 22h37m39.17s + 1 35.656' 2.189 2.558 10.0 57.3 69.77 70.1 Aqr
Davida (511)
1 Jan 2020 7h59m04.34s +22 06.720' 2.611 1.657 9.9 162.3 34.34 310.8 Gem
6 Jan 2020 7h55m08.15s +22 51.967' 2.615 1.645 9.8 168.3 36.40 308.7 Gem
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2019 i 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya i yanvarya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', KN na yanvar', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2019 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
30 dekabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa C/2018 N2 ( ASASSN ) bliz M31.
31 dekabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,3+) bliz Neptuna.
01 yanvarya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Skul'ptora bliz maksimuma bleska (6m).
02 yanvarya, 01 chas 32 minuty - Luna (F= 0,4+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404576 km ot centra Zemli.
03 yanvarya, 04 chasa 45 minut - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
04 yanvarya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,66+) bliz Urana.
05 yanvarya, 07 chasov 48 minut - Zemlya v perigelii svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 0,9832436 a.e. ot Solnca.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 2 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 2 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 2 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 12 i 01 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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