Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 20 po 26 aprelya 2020 goda3.03.2020 6:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 20 aprelya Luna (F= 0,05-) proidet apogei svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406460 km ot centra Zemli, a dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Gidry dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m). 21 aprelya Luna (F= 0,02-) proidet yuzhnee Merkuriya, a 22 aprelya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Liridy (ZHR= 18). 23 aprelya Luna v faze novoluniya proidet bliz Urana, a 25 aprelya Luna (F= 0,05+) proidet yuzhnee Pleyad. 26 aprelya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Oriona dostignet maksimuma bleska (5m), a Luna (F= 0,09+) proidet severnee Al'debarana. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,11+) proidet yuzhnee Venery, a Uran vstupit v soedinenie s Solncem. Krome etogo, dlya lyubitel'skih instrumentov seichas dostupny tri komety (!) so zvezdnoi velichinoi okolo 9m v otnositel'noi blizosti drug k drugu. Eto nebesnye strannicy: ATLAS (C/2019 Y4), PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) i ATLAS (C/2019 Y1).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 48 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 15 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya do 31,78 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 23 aprelya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Ryb, Ovna i Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,1- do 0, a zatem do 0,1+ i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Ryb (v vide tayushego serpa). Prodolzhaya umen'shat' fazu, Luna 21 aprelya posetit sozvezdie Kita, a 22 aprelya snova pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, sblizivshis' s Merkuriem. 23 aprelya Luna primet fazu novoluniya i pereidet v sozvezdie Ovna, gde probudet do 24 aprelya, pereidya v etot den' v sozvezdie Tel'ca. Zdes' tonkii molodoi mesyac budet nablyudat'sya na vechernem nebe, 25 aprelya proidya yuzhnee Pleyad, a 26 aprelya - severnee Giad i Al'debarana. V konce nedeli rastushii serp proidet yuzhnee Venery i ustremitsya k sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii mozhno naiti na fone utrennei zari, Venera nahoditsya na vechernem nebe, a Mars, Yupiter i Saturn vidny v utrennie chasy. Uran ne viden, a Neptun imeet utrennyuyu vidimost'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostatye strannicy PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) i ATLAS (C/2019 Y4) peremeshayutsya po sozvezdiyu Zhirafa s bleskom okolok 9m. ATLAS (C/2019 Y1) dvizhetsya na sever po sozvezdiyu Kassiopei pri bleske okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na aprel', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (8,5m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: T Gidry 7,8m - 20 aprelya, U Oriona 6,3m - 26 aprelya, Y Vesov 8,6m - 26 aprelya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Merkurii, Luna - Uran, Luna - Pleyady, Luna - Giady, Luna - Al'debaran, Luna - Venera, Mars - Yupiter - Saturn, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya. Vesta - Giady, Venera - Pleyady, Venera - Giady, komety ATLAS (C/2019 Y4), PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) i ATLAS (C/2019 Y1).
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Merkurii viden v luchah voshodyashego Solnca, no luchshe vsego v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Dlya srednih i severnyh shirot strany dannaya utrennyaya vidimost' bystroi planety neblagopriyatna. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya sostavlyaet okolo 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -1m. Faza uvelichivaetsya do 0,95. Pri nablyudenii v teleskop planeta imeet vid nebol'shogo ovala bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,25 do 1,31 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Venera nablyudaetsya v vechernie chasy nad zapadnym gorizontom v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Giady. Blagodarya svoei yarkosti planeta mozhet byt' naidena dazhe dnem nevooruzhennym glazom (posle poludnya). Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya ot 43 do 41 gradusa. Vidimyi diametr Venery dostigaet 36 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet okolo -4,5m pri faze okolo 0,3. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide serpa bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,51 do 0,47 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga okolo Yupitera i Saturna. Mars imeet utrennyuyu vidimost' i viden na fone sumerek nad yugo-vostochnym gorizontom. Blesk planety sostavlyaet okolo +0,5m, a vidimyi diametr prevyshaet 7,5 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk, na kotorom v dostatochno sil'nye lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' krupneishie detali poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,31 do 1,26 a.e.. 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda nastupit protivostoyanie (blizkoe k velikomu) planety (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya prevysit 22 uglovye sekundy pri horoshei vidimosti s territorii nashei strany. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na utrennem nebe bliz Marsa i Saturna. Vyshe 69 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety uvelichivaetsya ot 39,3 do 40 sekund dugi pri bleske yarche -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,02 - 4,91 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi mozhno budet nablyudat' po mere otdaleniya Yupitera ot Solnca na nebesnoi sfere. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na aprel'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', nablyudat' ego mozhno na po utram bliz Yupitera i Marsa. Vyshe 70 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,6m, a uglovoi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 17 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody vidimosti mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno budet nablyudat' po mere uluchsheniya vidimost' planety v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 10,0 do 9,88 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran ne viden. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,80 do 20,81. Disk planety v periody vidimosti razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m).. Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. V periody vidimosti disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,69 do 30,61 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 21 Apr 2020 22h14m55.90s -18 49.235' 2.964 3.291 9.2 62.5 45.70 77.8 Aqr 26 Apr 2020 22h21m06.78s -18 30.512' 2.965 3.232 9.2 65.8 44.08 78.2 Aqr Yunona (3) 21 Apr 2020 12h47m07.28s + 4 07.324' 3.090 2.142 9.9 156.6 29.31 300.6 Vir 26 Apr 2020 12h43m55.23s + 4 35.043' 3.099 2.180 10.0 151.1 25.90 299.5 Vir Vesta (4) 21 Apr 2020 4h40m36.78s +20 26.938' 2.566 3.248 8.5 40.4 60.16 78.5 Tau 26 Apr 2020 4h49m04.78s +20 50.067' 2.565 3.289 8.5 37.5 60.91 79.5 Tau Evnomiya (15) 21 Apr 2020 2h09m53.33s +21 15.422' 2.155 3.138 9.8 10.0 81.42 72.1 Ari 26 Apr 2020 2h21m01.08s +22 04.605' 2.157 3.146 9.8 8.7 81.31 72.8 Ari Garmoniya (40) 21 Apr 2020 14h15m55.67s - 6 43.907' 2.359 1.359 9.8 172.9 38.77 286.8 Vir 26 Apr 2020 14h10m54.33s - 6 22.164' 2.358 1.356 9.8 172.8 38.95 285.5 Vir a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na aprel', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
20 aprelya, 19 chasov 02 minuty - Luna (F= 0,05-) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406460 km ot centra Zemli.
21 aprelya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Gidry bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
22 aprelya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Liridy (ZHR= 18).
23 aprelya, 02 chasa 26 minut - Novolunie.
24 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Vesta bliz zvezdnogo skopleniya Giady.
25 aprelya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,05+) prohodit yuzhnee Pleyad.
26 aprelya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Oriona bliz maksimuma bleska (5m).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 23 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 23 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 23 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 04 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
Publikacii so slovami: astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom | |
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