Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 27 aprelya po 3 maya 2020 goda25.03.2020 7:16 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 27 aprelya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Gerkulesa dostignet maksimuma bleska (7m), a Luna (F= 0,2+) okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity. 28 aprelya Luna (F= 0,27+) dostignet tochki maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a 30 aprelya pri faze 0,47+ proidet severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 1 maya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Centavra dostignet maksimuma bleska (5m), a Merkurii proidet v 0,3 gr. yuzhnee Urana. 2 maya Luna (F= 0,65+) budet nahodit'sya severnee Regula. Krome etogo, dlya lyubitel'skih instrumentov seichas dostupny tri komety so zvezdnoi velichinoi okolo 9m v otnositel'noi blizosti drug k drugu. Eto nebesnye strannicy: ATLAS (C/2019 Y4), PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) i ATLAS (C/2019 Y1).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 50 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 15 chasov 30 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya do 31,73 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 30 aprelya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Tel'ca, Bliznecov, Raka, L'va i Devy, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,1+ do 0,8+ i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii (do 28 aprelya, a zatem - umen'shaya). Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Tel'ca. 27 aprelya Luna voidet v sozvezdie Bliznecov. Zdes' rastushii serp probudet do 29 aprelya, uvelichivaya fazu i priblizhayas' k sozvezdiyu Raka. V eto vremya Luna nablyudaetsya na vechernem nebe vysoko nad yuzhnym i yugo-zapadnym gorizontom. 30 aprelya Luna eshe raz za mesyac sblizitsya s rasseyannym zvezdnym skopleniem Yasli (M44) i, prinyav v sozvezdii Raka fazu pervoi chetverti, zakonchit svoi put' po aprel'skomu nebu. 1 maya lunnyi oval pereidet v sozvezdie L'va, gde 2 maya proidet severnee zvezdy Regul (glavnoi zvezdoi sozvezdiya). 3 maya yarkaya Luna voidet v sozvezdie Devy, gde probudet do 6 maya. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii zakanchivaet utrennyuyu vidimost', Venera nahoditsya na vechernem nebe, a Mars, Yupiter i Saturn vidny v utrennie chasy. Uran ne viden, a Neptun imeet utrennyuyu vidimost'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostatye strannicy PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) i ATLAS (C/2019 Y4) peremeshayutsya po sozvezdiyu Zhirafa s bleskom okolo 9m. ATLAS (C/2019 Y1) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Cefeya i Zhirafa pri bleske okolo 8m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na aprel', KN na mai, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (8,5m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: T Gerkulesa 8,0m - 27 aprelya, S Orla 8,9m - 28 aprelya, S Yashericy 8,2m - 28 aprelya, T Centavra 5,5m - 1 maya, ST Strel'ca 9,0m - 1 maya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Yasli (M44), Luna - Regul, Mars - Yupiter - Saturn, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya. Vesta - Giady, Venera - Giady, komety ATLAS (C/2019 Y4), PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) i ATLAS (C/2019 Y1).
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Merkurii viden v luchah voshodyashego Solnca, no vidimost' ego zakanchivaetsya. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya sostavlyaet okolo 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -2m. Faza uvelichivaetsya do 1,0. Pri nablyudenii v teleskop planeta imeet vid nebol'shogo diska bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,31 do 1,33 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Venera nablyudaetsya v vechernie chasy nad zapadnym gorizontom v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba bliz zvezdnogo skopleniya Giady. Blagodarya svoei yarkosti planeta mozhet byt' naidena dazhe dnem nevooruzhennym glazom (posle poludnya). Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya ot 41 do 38 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya ot 36 do 40,8 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet okolo -4,5m pri faze okolo 0,25. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide serpa bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,47 do 0,41 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga nedaleko ot Yupitera i Saturna. Mars imeet utrennyuyu vidimost' i viden na fone sumerek nad yugo-vostochnym gorizontom. Blesk planety sostavlyaet okolo +0,4m, a vidimyi diametr prevyshaet 7,7 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk, na kotorom v dostatochno sil'nye lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' krupneishie detali poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,26 do 1,21 a.e.. 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda nastupit protivostoyanie (blizkoe k velikomu) planety (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya prevysit 22 uglovye sekundy pri horoshei vidimosti s territorii nashei strany. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na utrennem nebe bliz Saturna. Vyshe 69 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety uvelichivaetsya ot 40 do 41 sekund dugi pri bleske yarche -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,91 - 4,80 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi mozhno budet nablyudat' po mere otdaleniya Yupitera ot Solnca na nebesnoi sfere. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na aprel' i KN na mai . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno na bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 70 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 17 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno budet nablyudat' po mere uluchsheniya vidimost' planety v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 9,88 do 9,76 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m)). Uran ne viden. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,81 do 20,80 . Disk planety v periody vidimosti razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m).. Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,61 do 30,52 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 26 Apr 2020 22h21m06.78s -18 30.512' 2.965 3.232 9.2 65.8 44.08 78.2 Aqr 1 May 2020 22h27m03.76s -18 13.265' 2.967 3.170 9.2 69.2 42.33 78.8 Aqr Yunona (3) 26 Apr 2020 12h43m55.23s + 4 35.043' 3.099 2.180 10.0 151.1 25.90 299.5 Vir 1 May 2020 12h41m06.59s + 4 58.354' 3.108 2.224 10.1 145.7 22.06 298.5 Vir Vesta (4) 26 Apr 2020 4h49m04.78s +20 50.067' 2.565 3.289 8.5 37.5 60.91 79.5 Tau 1 May 2020 4h57m41.52s +21 11.442' 2.564 3.327 8.5 34.7 61.56 80.4 Tau Evnomiya (15) 26 Apr 2020 2h21m01.08s +22 04.605' 2.157 3.146 9.8 8.7 81.31 72.8 Ari 1 May 2020 2h32m14.04s +22 51.782' 2.159 3.153 9.8 7.8 81.14 73.5 Ari Garmoniya (40) 26 Apr 2020 14h10m54.33s - 6 22.164' 2.358 1.356 9.8 172.8 38.95 285.5 Vir 1 May 2020 14h05m54.97s - 6 02.400' 2.356 1.360 9.9 168.7 37.82 284.2 Vir a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya i maya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na aprel', KN na mai, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
27 aprelya, 17 chasov 54 minuty - Luna (F= 0,2+) v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
28 aprelya, 15 chasov 00 minut - Luna (F= 0,27+) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
29 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Komety ATLAS (C/2019 Y4), PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) i ATLAS (C/2019 Y1) v sblizhenii drug s drugom.
30 aprelya, 20 chasov 38 minut - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
01 maya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Centavra bliz maksimuma bleska (5m).
02 maya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,65+) prohodit severnee Regula.
03 maya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Venera bliz zvezdnyh skoplenii Giady i Pleyady.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 30 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 30 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 30 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 04 i 05 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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