Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 6 po 12 iyulya 2020 goda21.06.2020 8:50 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 6 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskie peremennye zvezdy RT Lebedya i U Kita dostignut maksimuma bleska (6,5m), a Luna (F= 0,98-) proidet yuzhnee Yupitera i Saturna. 10 iyulya Luna (F= 0,74-) proidet yuzhnee Neptuna, a dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Gonchih Psov dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m). 11 iyulya Luna (F= 0,61-) proidet yuzhnee Marsa, a Venera proidet v graduse severnee Al'debarana. 12 iyulya Merkurii dostignet stoyaniya s perehodom k pryamomu dvizheniyu, a Luna (F= 0,52-) - apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404201 km ot centra Zemli. Krome etogo, vsyu nedelyu na fone vechernih i utrennih sumerek vozmozhno poyavlenie serebristyh oblakov.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavlyaet okolo 56 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - 17 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca imeet znachenie 31,46 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 12 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Strel'ca, Kozeroga, Vodoleya i Ryb, izmenyaya fazu ot 1,0 do 0,5- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Strel'ca. 6 iyulya polnaya Luna budet vidna okolo Yupitera i Saturna, pereidya v etot den' v sozvezdie Kozeroga. Zdes' lunnyi oval probudet s 6 po 8 iyulya, kogda pereidet v sozvezdie Vodoleya. 10 iyulya Luna sblizitsya s Neptunom, a v konce etogo dnya pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb. Prodolzhaya umen'shat' fazu, 11 i 12 iyulya Luna posetit sozvezdie Kita, proidya yuzhnee Marsa 11 iyulya pri faze okolo 0,6-. 12 iyulya lunnyi poludisk pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb i primet fazu poslednei chetverti, nablyudayas' na utrennem nebe v yuzhnoi chasti neba. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden v luchah voshodyashego Solnca, Venera, Uran i Neptun imeyut utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars mozhno nablyudat' noch'yu i utrom. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) pri bleske okolo 9m dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Gonchih Psov, a kometa Enke pri bleske okolo 6m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Raka. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyul', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,0m) v sozvezdii Bliznecov i Cerera (8,4m) v sozvezdii Vodoleya.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: U Kita 7,5m - 6 iyulya, RT Lebedya 7,3m - 6 iyulya, U Maloi Medvedicy 8,2m - 7 iyulya, RR Perseya 9,2m - 8 iyulya, S Kompasa 9,0m - 9 iyulya, R Gonchih Psov 7,7m - 10 iyulya, W Gerkulesa 8,3m - 12 iyulya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Yupiter, Luna - Saturn, Luna - Mars, Luna Neptun, Venera - Al'deberan, Mars - Neptun, Yupiter - Saturn, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov, v konce nedeli menyaya dvizhenie na pryamoe. Merkurii nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, i nablyudaetsya v luchah voshodyashego Solnca. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya umen'shayutsya do 10 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo +2m. Faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,03 do 0,13. Pri nablyudenii v teleskop planeta imeet vid nebol'shogo serpa bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,59 do 0,67 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya ot 37 do 40 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 40 do 36 uglovyh sekund, a blesk prevyshaet -4,3m pri faze okolo 0,3. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide serpa bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,38 do 0,42 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyam Ryb i Kita. Mars nablyudaetsya noch'yu i utrom nad vostochnym i yuzhnym gorizontom. Blesk planety sostavlyaet okolo -0,6m, a vidimyi diametr - bolee 12 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti i polyarnuyu shapku. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,79 do 0,75 a.e.. 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda nastupit protivostoyanie (blizkoe k velikomu) planety (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya prevysit 22 uglovye sekundy pri horoshei vidimosti s territorii nashei strany. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na nochnom nebe bliz Saturna. Vyshe 69 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 47,5 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,15 - 4,14 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya.Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyul'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn imeet nochnuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 70 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,1m, a uglovoi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 18,5 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 9,02 do 9,00 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran imeet utrennyuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,21 do 20,10 a.e.. Disk planety v periody vidimosti razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m).. Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,51 do 29,40 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
6 Jul 2020 23h15m20.79s -18 14.062' 2.980 2.329 8.5 120.8 11.90 151.8 Aqr
11 Jul 2020 23h15m51.71s -18 36.703' 2.980 2.274 8.4 125.4 12.26 172.2 Aqr
Pallada (2)
6 Jul 2020 19h10m07.81s +21 48.133' 3.364 2.563 9.6 135.5 29.66 255.5 Vul
11 Jul 2020 19h06m00.37s +21 29.799' 3.368 2.559 9.6 136.2 30.68 249.2 Vul
Vesta (4)
6 Jul 2020 6h59m39.71s +22 42.590' 2.540 3.557 8.0 0.4 65.79 93.2 Gem
11 Jul 2020 7h09m09.16s +22 34.279' 2.538 3.553 8.1 3.0 65.87 94.1 Gem
Irida (7)
6 Jul 2020 18h19m24.95s -20 28.822' 2.619 1.612 9.0 170.0 37.57 274.8 Sgr
11 Jul 2020 18h14m11.99s -20 22.508' 2.608 1.615 9.1 164.2 35.84 275.0 Sgr
Evnomiya (15)
6 Jul 2020 5h04m49.59s +29 04.274' 2.210 3.069 10.1 26.9 75.50 87.0 Aur
11 Jul 2020 5h16m17.27s +29 10.703' 2.216 3.049 10.1 29.1 74.81 88.1 Aur
Gerkulina (532)
6 Jul 2020 18h42m53.50s -20 18.235' 2.750 1.736 9.4 175.1 37.47 242.9 Sgr
11 Jul 2020 18h38m13.58s -20 52.123' 2.759 1.753 9.5 169.8 36.13 242.4 Sgr
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyulya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyul', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
06 iyulya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,98-) bliz Yupitera i Saturna.
07 iyulya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda RT Lebedya bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
08 iyulya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Kita bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
09 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov v srednih shirotah.
10 iyulya, utro - Luna (F= 0,74-) prohodit yuzhnee Neptuna.
11 iyulya, utro - Luna (F= 0,61-) prohodit yuzhnee Marsa.
12 iyulya, 23 chasa 29 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 9 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 9 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 9 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 07 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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