Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 13 po 19 iyulya 2020 goda22.06.2020 6:10 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 14 iyulya Yupiter vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,35-) proidet yuzhnee Urana, a dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Raka dostignet maksimuma bleska (6m). 16 iyulya Luna (F= 0,22-) proidet yuzhnee Pleyad, a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,15-) zvezdy epsilon Tel'ca (3,5m) pri vidimosti v vostochnoi polovine strany. V etot zhe den' asteroid Pallada (9,6m) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem. 17 iyulya Luna (F= 0,15-) proidet severnee Venery i Al'debarana. 18 iyulya Luna (F= 0,06-) okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity, a 19 iyulya pri faze 0,03- proidet severnee Merkuriya bliz tochki maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. Vsyu nedelyu imeet mesto parad planet, kogda vse bol'shie planety Solnechnoi sistemy mozhno nablyudat' na utrennem nebe. Na fone utrennei zari viden Merkurii, a znachitel'no pravee ego - Venera. Eshe pravee v binokl' mozhno nablyudat' Uran. Dalee k zapadu viden krasnovatyi Mars, a pravee ego v binokl' ili teleskop mozhno otyskat' Neptun. Saturn i Yupiter nablyudayutsya eshe pravee u yugo-zapadnogo gorizonta. Krome etogo, vsyu nedelyu na fone vechernih i utrennih sumerek vozmozhno poyavlenie serebristyh oblakov, a levee yarkoi zvezdy Kapella iz sozvezdiya Voznichego nablyudaetsya yarkaya kometa NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) s bleskom okolo 2m. V srednih shirotah kometa yavlyaetsya uzhe nezahodyashei. Utrom nebesnaya strannica vidna vo vsem velikolepii nevooruzhennym glazom. Vyplyvaet iz serebristyh oblakov, nevol'no podskazyvaya sravnenie "Beleet (zhelteet) parus odinokii v tumane morya golubom" Parus (hvost), konechno, krohotnyi (nevooruzhennym glazom), no v binokl' - velikolepnoe zrelishe. Blesk 2 zvezdnye velichiny. Voshodyashaya Venera yavlyaetsya nekim orientirom po usloviyam vidimosti komety. Luchshe vsego nebesnaya gost'ya vidna do voshoda utrennei zvezdy, a posle ee poyavleniya u gorizonta vidimost' komety nachinaet uhudshat'sya, t.k. nebo stanovitsya vse svetlee. No nevooruzhennym glazom kometu vidno eshe minimum polchasa posle voshoda Venery. Eti usloviya, konechno, spravedlivy dlya srednih shirot Kak vidno iz karty, kometa poka uvelichivaet sklonenie i podnimaetsya vse severnee, chto, bezuslovno, uluchshaet ee vidimost' s territorii nashei strany. Kstati, est' horoshii shans pronablyudat' kometu v nizhnei kul'minacii, chto udavalos' nemnogim nablyudatelyam takoi yarkoi komety. I eshe odno zamechatel'noe sovpadenie Kometa vidna kak raz vo vremya utrennego parada vseh planet Solnechnoi sistemy. V obshem, parad planet+. Nablyudaite!
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavlyaet okolo 55 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - 16 chasov 40 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca imeet znachenie 31,47 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 20 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Ryb, Ovna, Tel'ca i Bliznecov, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,5- do 0,0 i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Ryb, nablyudayas' na utrennem nebe v yuzhnoi chasti neba. 13 iyulya Luna eshe raz posetit sozvezdie Kita, pereidya 14 iyulya v sozvezdie Ovna (proidya yuzhnee Urana pri faze okolo 0,35-), gde probudet do 15 iyulya, pereidya v etot den' v sozvezdie Tel'ca. V etom sozvezdii 16 iyulya staryi mesyac budet nablyudat'sya na fone utrennei zari yuzhnee Pleyad, dostignuv v etot zhe den' Giad i Al'debarana. 17 iyulya Luna proidet severnee Venery, a zatem ustremitsya k sozvezdiyu Bliznecov, v kotoroe voidet 18 iyulya. Zdes' 19 iyulya lunnyi serp proidet severnee Merkuriya, a 20 iyulya primet fazu novoluniya. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy (utrennii parad planet): Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' noch'yu i utrom. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) vidna na fone sumerechnogo segmenta bliz zvezdy Kapella s bleskom okolo +2m. Kometa PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) pri bleske okolo 9m dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Gonchih Psov, a kometa Enke pri bleske slabee 7m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyam Gidry i Sekstanta. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyul', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,2m) v sozvezdii Bliznecov i Cerera (8,2m) v sozvezdii Vodoleya.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: R Raka 6,8m - 14 iyulya i Z Skorpiona 9,2m - 14 iyulya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Uran, Luna - Pleyady, Luna - Giady, Luna - Al'debaran, Luna - Venera, Luna - kometa NEOWISE (C/2020 F3), Luna - Merkurii, Venera - Al'deberan, Mars - Neptun, Yupiter - Saturn, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Merkurii nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, i nablyudaetsya v luchah voshodyashego Solnca. Bystraya planeta uchastvuet v utrennem parade vseh planet Solnechnoi sistemy. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya umen'shayutsya ot 10 do 8 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo +1m. Faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,13 do 0,30. Pri nablyudenii v teleskop planeta imeet vid nebol'shogo serpa bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,67 do 0,80 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca (levee Al'debarana), uchastvuya v parade planet. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya ot 40 do 43 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 36 do 32 uglovyh sekund, a blesk prevyshaet -4,3m pri faze bolee 0,3. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide serpa bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,47 do 0,52 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kita, uchastvuya v parade planet. Mars nablyudaetsya noch'yu i utrom nad vostochnym i yuzhnym gorizontom. Blesk planety sostavlyaet okolo -0,7m, a vidimyi diametr okolo 13 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti i polyarnuyu shapku. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,75 do 0,71 a.e.. 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda nastupit protivostoyanie (blizkoe k velikomu) planety (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya prevysit 22 uglovye sekundy pri horoshei vidimosti s territorii nashei strany. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, uchastvuya v parade planet. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na nochnom nebe bliz Saturna. Vyshe 68 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 47,5 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,14 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyul'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, uchastvuya v parade planet. Saturn imeet nochnuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety sostavlyaet okolo 0m, a uglovoi diametr - 18,5 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna imeet znachenie 9,0 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)) , uchastvuya v parade planet. Uran imeet utrennyuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,10 do 20,0 a.e.. Disk planety v periody vidimosti razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m), uchastvuya v parade planet. Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,40 do 29,30 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
16 Jul 2020 23h15m48.69s -19 02.570' 2.981 2.223 8.3 130.0 13.92 190.0 Aqr
21 Jul 2020 23h15m10.86s -19 31.391' 2.981 2.177 8.2 134.8 16.45 203.4 Aqr
Pallada (2)
16 Jul 2020 19h01m56.34s +21 04.653' 3.371 2.561 9.6 136.4 31.47 243.1 Sge
21 Jul 2020 18h58m01.01s +20 32.980' 3.374 2.568 9.6 136.1 31.98 237.0 Sge
Vesta (4)
16 Jul 2020 7h18m37.92s +22 23.899' 2.535 3.545 8.2 5.5 65.92 95.0 Gem
21 Jul 2020 7h28m05.46s +22 11.496' 2.533 3.535 8.2 8.1 65.93 95.8 Gem
Irida (7)
16 Jul 2020 18h09m18.18s -20 16.326' 2.597 1.626 9.2 158.3 33.14 275.3 Sgr
21 Jul 2020 18h04m51.34s -20 10.420' 2.586 1.642 9.3 152.5 29.57 275.5 Sgr
Evnomiya (15)
16 Jul 2020 5h27m39.40s +29 13.990' 2.222 3.027 10.1 31.3 74.06 89.3 Aur
21 Jul 2020 5h38m54.79s +29 14.186' 2.228 3.004 10.1 33.5 73.25 90.5 Aur
Gerkulina (532)
16 Jul 2020 18h33m47.68s -21 25.143' 2.768 1.777 9.7 164.1 33.96 241.5 Sgr
21 Jul 2020 18h29m42.94s -21 56.954' 2.777 1.807 9.8 158.4 31.05 239.9 Sgr
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyulya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyul', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
13 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov v srednih shirotah.
14 iyulya, 07 chasov 00 minut - Yupiter v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
15 iyulya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Raka bliz maksimuma bleska (6m).
16 iyulya, utro - Luna (F= 0,22-) prohodit yuzhnee Pleyad.
17 iyulya, utro - Luna (F= 0,15-) prohodit severnee Venery i Al'debarana.
18 iyulya, 12 chasov 33 minuty - Luna (F= 0,06-) v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
19 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, utro - Vidimost' komety NEOWISE (C/2020 F3).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 16 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 16 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 16 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 07 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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