Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 27 iyulya po 2 avgusta 2020 goda24.07.2020 6:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 27 iyulya Luna primet fazu pervoi chetverti (nablyudayas' v pervuyu polovinu nochi), a 29 iyulya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Yuzhnye del'ta-Akvaridy (ZHR= 25). 30 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Centavra dostignet maksimuma bleska (5m), a 31 iyulya Luna (F= 0,88+) okazhetsya v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity. 1 avgusta Luna (F= 0,94+) prodet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora okolo Yupitera i Saturna. Krome etogo, vsyu nedelyu na fone vechernih i utrennih sumerek vozmozhno poyavlenie serebristyh oblakov, a takzhe nevooruzhennym glazom vidna yarkaya kometa NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) s bleskom okolo 4m. Kometa vidna v sozvezdiyah Bol'shoi Medvedicy i Volos Veroniki, a v srednih shirotah ne zahodit za gorizont. V binokl' NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) predstavlyaet udivitel'noe zrelishe. Fotografirovat' kometu mozhno dazhe s telefona, imeyushego funkciyu dlitel'noi vyderzhki. Speshite uvidet' samuyu yarkuyu kometu goda! Takzhe vsyu nedelyu imeet mesto parad planet. Na fone utrennei zari viden Merkurii, a znachitel'no pravee ego - Venera. Eshe pravee v binokl' mozhno nablyudat' Uran. Dalee k zapadu viden krasnovatyi Mars, a pravee ego v binokl' ili teleskop mozhno otyskat' Neptun (na dostatochno temnom nebe). Saturn i Yupiter zahodyat za gorizont.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 52 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 15 chasov 55 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 31,52 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Raka. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 27 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Devy, Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca, Strel'ca, Kozeroga, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,45+ do 0,99+ i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Devy. 27 iyulya Luna primet fazu pervoi chetverti i pereidet v sozvezdie Vesov, gde probudet do 29 iyulya, kogda posetit sozvezdie Skorpiona. V etot zhe den' lunnyi oval pereidet v sozvezdie Zmeenosca i proidet severnee Antaresa. 31 iyulya Luna voidet v sozvezdie Strel'ca, gde i zakonchit svoi put' po iyul'skomu nebu pri faze okolo 0,9+. Nachalo avgusta Luna provedet okolo maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. V eto vremya Luna budet nablyudat'sya ves'ma nizko nad gorizontom vsyu noch'. 2 avgusta pochti polnaya Luna budet vidna okolo Yupitera i Saturna, pereidya v etot den' v sozvezdie Kozeroga. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy (utrennii parad planet): Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' noch'yu i utrom. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Bol'shoi Medvedicy i Volos Veroniki s bleskom okolo 4m. Kometa PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) pri bleske okolo 10m dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Volos Veroniki (12 avgusta eti dve komety sblizyatsya do 2 s polovinoi gradusov). Kometa Enke pri bleske slabee 9m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyam Chashi i Vorona. Lemmon (C/2019 U6) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Volos Veroniki s bleskom okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyul', KN na avgust, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,3m) v sozvezdii Bliznecov i Cerera (8,0m) v sozvezdii Vodoleya.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: S Sekstanta 9,1m - 30 iyulya, T Centavra 5,5m - 30 iyulya, Z Zmeenosca 8,1m - 30 iyulya, RR Pegasa 9,2m - 30 iyulya, R Golubya 8,9m - 31 iyulya, R Volos Veroniki 8,5m - 31 iyulya, R Ovna 8,2m - 1 avgusta,
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Spika, Luna - Antares, Luna - Yupiter, Luna - Saturn, Venera - Al'deberan, Yupiter - Saturn, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya, komety NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) i PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2).
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod. Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Merkurii nablyudaetsya na fone utrennei zari. Bystraya planeta uchastvuet v utrennem parade vseh planet Solnechnoi sistemy. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya umen'shayutsya ot 7 do 6 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -0,5m. Faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,6 do 0,75. Pri nablyudenii v teleskop planeta imeet vid nebol'shogo ovala bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,97 do 1,14 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca (levee Al'debarana), uchastvuya v parade planet. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya ot 44,5 do 45,5 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 29 do 27 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4,3m pri faze bolee 0,4. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide serpa bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,57 do 0,63 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb, uchastvuya v parade planet. Mars nablyudaetsya noch'yu i utrom nad vostochnym i yuzhnym gorizontom. Blesk planety sostavlyaet -1m, a vidimyi diametr uvelichivaetsya ot 14,0 do 14,8 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti i polyarnuyu shapku. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,67 do 0,63 a.e.. 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda nastupit protivostoyanie (blizkoe k velikomu) planety (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya prevysit 22 uglovye sekundy pri horoshei vidimosti s territorii nashei strany. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, uchastvuya v parade planet. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na nochnom nebe bliz Saturna. Vyshe 68 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 47 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,15 - 4,18 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyul' i KN na avgust. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, uchastvuya v parade planet. Saturn imeet nochnuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety sostavlyaet okolo 0m, a uglovoi diametr - 18,5 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna imeet znachenie 9,0 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)) , uchastvuya v parade planet. Uran imeet utrennyuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 19,88 do 19,76 a.e.. Disk planety v periody vidimosti razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m), uchastvuya v parade planet. Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,22 do 29,14 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
26 Jul 2020 23h13m58.06s -20 02.751' 2.982 2.134 8.1 139.6 19.38 213.1 Aqr
31 Jul 2020 23h12m11.05s -20 36.098' 2.982 2.097 8.0 144.5 22.39 220.3 Aqr
Pallada (2)
26 Jul 2020 18h54m19.51s +19 55.233' 3.378 2.581 9.6 135.2 32.22 230.9 Her
31 Jul 2020 18h50m56.45s +19 12.033' 3.381 2.599 9.6 133.7 32.23 224.8 Her
Vesta (4)
26 Jul 2020 7h37m31.13s +21 57.130' 2.530 3.521 8.3 10.7 65.90 96.7 Gem
31 Jul 2020 7h46m54.33s +21 40.871' 2.527 3.504 8.3 13.3 65.82 97.5 Gem
Irida (7)
26 Jul 2020 18h00m58.35s -20 04.943' 2.575 1.664 9.4 146.9 25.26 275.9 Sgr
31 Jul 2020 17h57m44.46s -20 00.026' 2.564 1.692 9.5 141.4 20.44 276.5 Sgr
Evnomiya (15)
26 Jul 2020 5h50m02.15s +29 11.357' 2.235 2.978 10.2 35.8 72.37 91.7 Aur
31 Jul 2020 6h01m00.29s +29 05.584' 2.241 2.950 10.2 38.1 71.44 92.9 Aur
Gerkulina (532)
26 Jul 2020 18h26m05.76s -22 27.306' 2.787 1.844 9.9 152.8 27.56 237.6 Sgr
31 Jul 2020 18h23m01.24s -22 56.031' 2.796 1.887 10.0 147.3 23.72 234.0 Sgr
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyulya i avgusta mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyul', KN na avgust, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
27 iyulya, 12 chasov 32 minut - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
28 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher i utro - Vidimost' yarkoi komety NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) nevooruzhennym glazom.
29 iyulya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Yuzhnye del'ta-Akvaridy (ZHR= 25).
30 iyulya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Centavra bliz maksimuma bleska (5m).
31 iyulya, 09 chasov 32 minut - Luna (F= 0,88+) v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
01 avgusta, noch' - Luna (F= 0,97+) bliz Yupitera i Saturna.
02 avgusta i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov v srednih shirotah.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 30 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 30 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 30 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 07 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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