Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 26 oktyabrya po 1 noyabrya 2020 goda23.10.2020 7:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 26 oktyabrya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,79+) zvezdy tau2 Vodoleya (4,1m) pri vidimosti na bol'shei chasti strany, a 27 oktyabrya nochnoe svetilo pri faze 0,84+ proidet yuzhnee Neptuna. 28 oktyabrya asteroid Papagena (471) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem. 29 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,96+) budet nahodit'sya bliz Marsa, a dolgoperiodicheskie peremennye zvezdy T Centavra (5m), U Gerkulesa (6,5m) i R Lebedya (6,5m) dostignut maksimuma bleska. 30 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,99+) okazhetsya v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406392 km ot centra Zemli, a 31 oktyabrya v polnoi faze budet nahodit'sya bliz Urana. V etot zhe den' Uran vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 19 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 9 chasov 10 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,23 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Devy, v konce nedeli perehodya v sozvezdie Vesov. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 31 oktyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vodoleya, Ryb, Ovna i Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,75+ do 1,0 i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vodoleya. 27 oktyabrya proidet yuzhnee Neptuna pri faze 0,84+. 28 oktyabrya Luna pri faze okolo 0,9+ budet nahodit'sya v sozvezdii Ryb, a 29 oktyabrya - sozvezdii Kita. 30 oktyabrya, uvelichiv fazu do 0,97+, yarkii lunnyi disk vnov' pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, a 31 oktyabrya eshe raz vstupit v sozvezdie Kita, gde v etot den' primet fazu polnoluniya, a zatem pereidet v sozvezdie Ovna, gde i zakonchit put' po nebu oktyabrya. V pervyi den' noyabrya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Tel'ca. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden v luchah voshodyashego Solnca, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' v nochnoe vremya. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2020 M3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Zaica s bleskom okolo 9m. Kometa NEOWISE (C/2020 P1) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Devy s bleskom okolo 6m. 88P/Howell peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca s bleskom okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr' i KN na noyabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,2m) v sozvezdii L'va i Flora (8,0m) v sozvezdii Kita.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: RR Andromedy 9,1m - 27 oktyabrya, R Rezca 7,9m - 29 oktyabrya, T Centavra 5,5m - 29 oktyabrya, U Gerkulesa 7,5m - 29 oktyabrya, R Lebedya 7,5m - 29 oktyabrya, S Gidry 7,8m - 1 noyabrya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Neptun, Luna - Mars, Luna - Uran, Luna - Pleyady, Luna - Giady, Merkurii - Spika, Mars - dzeta Ryb, Yupiter - Saturn, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Devy, nachinaya utrennyuyu vidimost' i poyavlyayas' v luchah voshodyashego Solnca k seredine nedeli. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya izmenyayutsya za nedelyu ot 10 do 9 sekund dugi pri bleske, vozrastayushem ot +3m do +1m. Faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,01 do 0,2, a elongaciya izmenyaetsya ot 1 do 14 gradusov. V teleskop viden serp planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei izmenyaetsya ot 0,67 do 0,77 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy. Venera vidna v utrennie chasy v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 34 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 13,5 do 13 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4,0m pri faze okolo 0,8. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide ovala bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,23 do 1,28 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Mars nablyudaetsya vsyu noch', i eto luchshii period dlya nablyudenii planety v 2020 godu. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot -2,3m do -2,1m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 21 do 20 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti i polyarnuyu shapku. Fotograficheskie metody nablyudeniya s posleduyushei obrabotkoi na komp'yutere prinesut bolee kachestvennyi rezul'tat. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,445 do 0,47 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Yupiter nablyudaetsya vecherom bliz Saturna. Vyshe 68 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet 37 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,1m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,25 - 5,35 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr' i KN na noyabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Saturn imeet vechernyuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16,5 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,07 do 10,18 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran imeet nochnuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 18,79 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 29,21 do 29,30 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
26 Oct 2020 22h22m12.42s -24 11.417' 2.976 2.417 8.6 115.0 11.73 11.4 Aqr
31 Oct 2020 22h22m49.84s -23 46.904' 2.976 2.479 8.7 110.5 14.42 25.6 Aqr
Vesta (4)
26 Oct 2020 10h16m45.69s +13 43.965' 2.466 2.778 8.2 61.7 56.60 105.5 Leo
31 Oct 2020 10h24m09.31s +13 14.100' 2.462 2.715 8.2 64.8 55.27 105.4 Leo
Flora (8)
26 Oct 2020 2h47m40.61s + 3 30.472' 1.858 0.879 8.0 165.6 35.75 254.6 Cet
31 Oct 2020 2h42m55.61s + 3 13.473' 1.858 0.876 8.0 167.9 37.15 258.5 Cet
Partenopa (11)
26 Oct 2020 2h01m59.68s + 3 54.281' 2.348 1.361 9.4 171.5 36.81 250.9 Psc
31 Oct 2020 1h57m24.59s + 3 31.759' 2.354 1.374 9.5 167.9 35.22 252.8 Psc
Evnomiya (15)
26 Oct 2020 8h28m42.07s +22 11.162' 2.383 2.189 9.9 88.7 38.12 113.5 Cnc
31 Oct 2020 8h33m27.53s +21 41.050' 2.392 2.134 9.8 92.5 34.54 115.5 Cnc
Papagena (471)
26 Oct 2020 2h31m34.61s - 7 09.098' 2.233 1.276 9.5 159.1 34.78 274.2 Cet
31 Oct 2020 2h26m51.77s - 7 00.759' 2.231 1.277 9.5 158.9 35.76 279.4 Cet
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii oktyabrya i noyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr', KN na noyabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
26 oktyabrya, 14 chasov 44 minuty - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,79+) zvezdy tau2 Vodoleya (4,1m) pri vidimosti na bol'shei chasti strany.
27 oktyabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,84+) prohodit yuzhnee Neptuna.
28 oktyabrya, vecher - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Centavra bliz maksimuma bleska (5m).
29 oktyabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskie peremennye zvezdy U Gerkulesa (6,5m) i R Lebedya (6,5m) bliz maksimuma bleska.
30 oktyabrya, 18 chasov 45 minut - Luna (F= 0,99+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406392 km ot centra Zemli.
31 oktyabrya, 14 chasov 49 minut - Polnolunie.
01 noyabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 1,0) prohodit yuzhnee Urana.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 29 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 29 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 29 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 10 i 11 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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