Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 14 po 20 dekabrya 2020 goda11.12.2020 6:55 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 14 dekabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Geminidy (ZHR= 120) iz sozvezdiya Bliznecov, a Luna (F= 0,0) pokroet Merkurii (ne vidno). V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,0) okazhetsya v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity i proizoidet polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie, vidimoe v Yuzhnoi Amerike (v Rossii ne vidno). 15 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,02+) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a 17 dekabrya nochnoe svetilo (F= 0,08+) budet nahodit'sya bliz Yupitera i Saturna. 19 dekabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Bol'shoi Medvedicy dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m), a 20 dekabrya Merkurii proidet verhnee soedinenie s Solncem. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,39+) proidet yuzhnee Neptuna.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavlyaet okolo 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote umen'shaetsya do 7 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,52 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca do 18 dekabrya, perehodya zatem v sozvezdie Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 14 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Zmeenosca, Strel'ca, Kozeroga i Vodoleya, izmenyaya fazu ot 0 do 0,4+ i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Zmeenosca. Zdes' Luna primet fazu novoluniya 14 dekabrya. V eto novolunie proizoidet polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie, vidimoe v Yuzhnoi Amerike. 14 dekabrya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Strel'ca i na vechernee nebo. 17 dekabrya Luna proidet yuzhnee Yupitera i Saturna pri faze 0,08+, nablyudayas' nizko nad gorizontom na vechernem nebe. V etot zhe den' lunnyi serp pereidet v sozvezdie Kozeroga i probudet zdes' do 19 dekabrya, uvelichiv fazu do 0,24+. V sozvezdii Vodoleya Luna 20 dekabrya proidet yuzhnee Neptuna pri faze 0,39+. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii ne viden, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' vecherom i noch'yu. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2020 M3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego s bleskom okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (7,5m) v sozvezdii L'va i Flora (9,0m) v sozvezdii Kita.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: R Del'fina 8,3m - 14 dekabrya, U Devy 8,2m - 18 dekabrya, R Strel'ca 7,3m - 18 dekabrya, T Bol'shoi Medvedicy 7,7m - 19 dekabrya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca (18 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Strel'ca), no ne vidna, t.k. zakonchila utrennyuyu vidimost'. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya priderzhivayutsya znacheniya 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -1m. Faza imeet znachenie 1,0, a v konce nedeli planeta vstupit' v verhnee soedinenie s Solncem. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei priderzhivaetsya 1,44 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov, 17 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Skorpiona. Venera vidna po utram v vide yarkoi zvezdy. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 23 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 11 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze bolee 0,9. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide ovala bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,49 do 1,52 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Mars nablyudaetsya bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot -0,7m do -0,5m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 12,6 do 11,7 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti. Fotograficheskie metody nablyudeniya s posleduyushei obrabotkoi na komp'yutere prinesut bolee kachestvennyi rezul'tat. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,74 do 0,80 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, 18 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Kozeroga. Yupiter nablyudaetsya po vecheram bliz Saturna, sblizhayas' s nim v konce nedeli do 8 uglovyh minut. Dve planety s vidimymi diskami v odnom pole zreniya teleskopa - ves'ma interesnoe zrelishe! Vyshe 69 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 33,5 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,86 - 5,92 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, 16 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Kozeroga. Saturn imeet vechernyuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera, s kotorym planeta sblizitsya do 8 uglovyh minut v konce nedeli. Dve planety s vidimymi diskami v odnom pole zreniya teleskopa - ves'ma interesnoe zrelishe! Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,6m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 15,5 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,76 do 10,82 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran imeet vechernyuyu i nochnuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 19,07 do 19,16 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 29,98 do 30,10 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
16 Dec 2020 22h50m50.74s -18 15.163' 2.964 3.096 9.1 73.1 40.40 57.1 Aqr
21 Dec 2020 22h55m43.42s -17 30.944' 2.963 3.161 9.2 69.5 42.45 58.0 Aqr
Vesta (4)
16 Dec 2020 11h20m29.14s + 9 58.096' 2.422 2.093 7.6 97.2 34.04 97.5 Leo
21 Dec 2020 11h24m51.12s + 9 50.914' 2.417 2.025 7.5 101.2 30.49 94.7 Leo
Flora (8)
16 Dec 2020 2h16m44.13s + 5 05.213' 1.875 1.093 9.0 129.0 19.47 16.1 Cet
21 Dec 2020 2h17m59.23s + 5 44.727' 1.879 1.137 9.1 124.5 23.90 30.5 Cet
Irena (14)
16 Dec 2020 9h01m32.90s +23 29.141' 2.381 1.600 10.1 132.8 15.03 0.3 Cnc
21 Dec 2020 9h01m14.82s +24 00.739' 2.372 1.548 10.0 138.0 17.85 342.1 Cnc
Evnomiya (15)
16 Dec 2020 8h45m27.90s +18 05.757' 2.481 1.683 9.2 135.3 18.16 246.0 Cnc
21 Dec 2020 8h42m50.15s +17 51.649' 2.491 1.649 9.1 140.9 23.07 253.8 Cnc
Psiheya (16)
16 Dec 2020 4h53m17.40s +17 53.788' 2.684 1.712 9.6 168.9 32.34 267.1 Tau
21 Dec 2020 4h49m01.17s +17 51.257' 2.690 1.733 9.7 163.2 29.90 268.0 Tau
Laetitia (39)
16 Dec 2020 6h04m33.98s + 8 20.980' 2.693 1.735 9.9 163.4 34.95 273.7 Ori
21 Dec 2020 5h59m55.67s + 8 27.299' 2.699 1.736 9.9 165.0 35.49 276.5 Ori
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
14 dekabrya, 13 chasov 33 minuty - Nachalo chastnyh faz polnogo solnechnogo zatmeniya (vidimost' na yuge Chili i Argentiny).
14 dekabrya, 16 chasov 17 minut - Novolunie.
15 dekabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,02+) okolo maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
16 dekabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,05+) bliz Yupitera i Saturna.
17 dekabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,1+) bliz Yupitera i Saturna.
18 dekabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Devy bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
19 dekabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Bol'shoi Medvedicy bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
20 dekabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,39+) prohodit yuzhnee Neptuna.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 17 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 17 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 17 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 12 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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