Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 21 po 27 dekabrya 2020 goda18.12.2020 7:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele (bogatoi astronomicheskimi yavleniyami) 21 dekabrya v 10 chasov 03 minuty po vsemirnomu vremeni nastupit zimnee solncestoyanie. Etot den' v severnom polusharii Zemli budet dlit'sya minimal'noe vremya, a noch' - maksimal'noe. Dolgota dnya 21 dekabrya ot ekvatora do severnogo polyarnogo kruga var'iruetsya v predelah 12 do 0 chasov. V yuzhnom polusharii etot den' samyi dlinnyi, a noch' - samaya korotkaya, t.k. k yugu ot ekvatora idet leto. Solncestoyanie voobshe oboznachaet, chto Solnce dostiglo maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. Yuzhnee ono uzhe ne opustitsya i posle prohozhdeniya tochki solncestoyaniya nachnet podnimat'sya k ekvatoru nebesnoi sfery, kotoryi peresechet v den' vesennego ravnodenstviya. 21 dekabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Malogo Psa dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m), a Yupiter proidet v 6 uglovyh minutah (!) yuzhnee Saturna (sleduyushee podobnoe tesnoe sblizhenie proizoidet tol'ko v 2080 godu!). V etot zhe den' proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,48+) zvezdy 30 Ryb (4,4m) pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii. 22 dekabrya maksimuma deistviya dostignet meteornyi potok Ursidy (ZHR= 10), a 23 dekabrya Venera proidet v 5,6 gr. severnee Antaresa. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,67+) proidet yuzhnee Marsa. 24 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,75+) okazhetsya v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405010 km ot centra Zemli, a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,76+) zvezdy ksi1 Kita (4,4m) pri vidimosti v zapadnoi polovine Rossii. 25 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,77+) proidet Urana, a 26 dekabrya pri faze 0,90+ - yuzhnee Pleyad. 27 dekabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Skul'ptora dostignet maksimuma bleska (5,5m), a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie na 13 sekund zvezdy HIP 31816 (7,3m) iz sozvezdiya Edinoroga asteroidom (41) Dafniya pri vidimosti v Primor'e i na Sahaline. V konce nedeli Luna (F= 0,94+) proidet severnee Giad i Al'debarana.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavlyaet okolo 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote priderzhivaetsya 7 chasov. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,53 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 21 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vodoleya, Ryb, Ovna, Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,4+ do 0,95+ i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vodoleya. Na sleduyushii den' Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, uvelichiv fazu do 0,47+. Zdes' lunnyi poludisk primet fazu pervoi chetverti, pereidya 22 dekabrya v sozvezdie Kita. 23 dekabrya snova pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb (F= 0,65+), nahodyas' yuzhnee Marsa. 24 dekabrya lunnyi oval (F= 0,74+) eshe raz posetit sozvezdie Kita, a 25 dekabrya (F= 0,78+) pereidet v sozvezdie Ovna (bliz Urana). Zdes' Luna probudet do 26 dekabrya, kogda pereidet v sozvezdie Tel'ca. V etot den' yarkaya Luna proidet yuzhnee Pleyad, a na sleduyushii den' dostignet Giad i Al'debarana pri faze 0,94+. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii ne viden, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' vecherom i noch'yu. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2020 M3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego s bleskom okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,5m) v sozvezdii L'va.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: S Malogo Psa 7,5m - 21 dekabrya, RV Orla 9,0m - 21 dekabrya, V Bliznecov 8,5m - 25 dekabrya, S Yashericy 8,2m - 25 dekabrya, S Skul'ptora 6,7m - 27 dekabrya, Z Kita 8,9m - 27 dekabrya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, nahodyas' na vechernem nebe (no ne vidna). Uglovye razmery Merkuriya priderzhivayutsya znacheniya 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -1m. Faza imeet znachenie 1,0, pri elongacii ot Solnca 5 gradusov. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,44 do 1,42 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca. Venera vidna po utram v vide yarkoi zvezdy. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 21,5 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 11 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze bolee 0,9. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide ovala bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,52 do 1,54 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Mars nablyudaetsya bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot -0,5m do -0,3m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 11,7 do 10,8 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti. Fotograficheskie metody nablyudeniya s posleduyushei obrabotkoi na komp'yutere prinesut bolee kachestvennyi rezul'tat. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,80 do 0,86 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Yupiter nablyudaetsya po vecheram bliz Saturna, sblizhayas' s nim v nachale nedeli do 6 uglovyh minut (!). Eto samoe blizkoe soedinenie v 21 veke (sleduyushee podobnoe budet tol'ko v 2080 godu). Dve planety s vidimymi diskami v odnom pole zreniya teleskopa - ves'ma interesnoe zrelishe! Vyshe 70 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 33 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,92 - 5,97 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn imeet vechernyuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera, s kotorym planeta sblizitsya do 6 uglovyh minut 21 dekabrya. Dve planety s vidimymi diskami v odnom pole zreniya teleskopa - ves'ma interesnoe zrelishe! Vyshe 70 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,6m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 15,5 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,82 do 10,87 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran imeet vechernyuyu i nochnuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 19,16 do 19,26 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 30,10 do 30,22 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
21 Dec 2020 22h55m43.42s -17 30.944' 2.963 3.161 9.2 69.5 42.45 58.0 Aqr
26 Dec 2020 23h00m51.20s -16 45.615' 2.961 3.224 9.2 65.9 44.32 58.7 Aqr
Vesta (4)
21 Dec 2020 11h24m51.12s + 9 50.914' 2.417 2.025 7.5 101.2 30.49 94.7 Leo
26 Dec 2020 11h28m44.93s + 9 47.668' 2.412 1.958 7.5 105.3 26.74 91.0 Leo
Flora (8)
21 Dec 2020 2h17m59.23s + 5 44.727' 1.879 1.137 9.1 124.5 23.90 30.5 Cet
26 Dec 2020 2h20m06.27s + 6 27.711' 1.882 1.184 9.3 120.3 28.84 39.9 Cet
Irena (14)
21 Dec 2020 9h01m14.82s +24 00.739' 2.372 1.548 10.0 138.0 17.85 342.1 Cnc
26 Dec 2020 9h00m08.34s +24 36.080' 2.364 1.501 9.9 143.3 21.75 329.4 Cnc
Evnomiya (15)
21 Dec 2020 8h42m50.15s +17 51.649' 2.491 1.649 9.1 140.9 23.07 253.8 Cnc
26 Dec 2020 8h39m28.02s +17 39.359' 2.501 1.620 9.0 146.7 27.86 258.4 Cnc
Psiheya (16)
21 Dec 2020 4h49m01.17s +17 51.257' 2.690 1.733 9.7 163.2 29.90 268.0 Tau
26 Dec 2020 4h45m08.51s +17 50.052' 2.696 1.762 9.8 157.4 26.64 269.2 Tau
Laetitia (39)
21 Dec 2020 5h59m55.67s + 8 27.299' 2.699 1.736 9.9 165.0 35.49 276.5 Ori
26 Dec 2020 5h55m18.32s + 8 37.090' 2.704 1.745 9.9 164.2 35.06 279.4 Ori
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
21 dekabrya, 10 chasov 03 minuty - Zimnee solncestoyanie.
21 dekabrya, 23 chasa 41 minuta - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
22 dekabrya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Ursidy (ZHR= 10) iz sozvezdiya Maloi Medvedicy.
23 dekabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,67+) bliz Marsa.
24 dekabrya, 16 chasov 33 minuty - Luna (F= 0,75+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405010 km ot centra Zemli.
25 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,77+) prohodit yuzhnee Urana.
26 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,90+) prohodit yuzhnee Pleyad.
27 dekabrya, vecher - Pokrytie na 13 sekund zvezdy HIP 31816 (7,3m) iz sozvezdiya Edinoroga asteroidom (41) Dafniya.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 24 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 24 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 24 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 12 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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