Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 28 dekabrya 2020 goda po 3 yanvarya 2021 goda25.12.2020 7:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 28 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,97+) okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity, a 30 dekabrya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 1,0) zvezdy omega Bliznecov (5,2m) pri vidimosti na bol'shei chasti Rossii bliz maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. 1 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,95-) proidet severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44), a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,95-) zvezdy gamma Raka (4,6m) pri vidimosti v severnyh raionah Rossii. 2 yanvarya Zemlya proidet perigelii svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 0,9832571 a.e. ot Solnca, a Luna (F= 0,84-) proidet severnee Regula. 3 yanvarya meteornyi potok Kvadrantidy iz sozvezdiya Volopasa dostignet maksimuma deistviya (ZHR= 120).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavlyaet okolo 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote uvelichivaetsya do 7 chasov 10 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 32,53 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 30 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Tel'ca, Bliznecov, Raka i L'va, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,95+ do 0,75- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii (do 30 dekabrya, a zatem - umen'shaya). Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Tel'ca. V etot den' yarkaya Luna proidet yuzhnee Pleyad, a na sleduyushii den' dostignet Giad i Al'debarana pri faze 0,94+. 29 dekabrya nochnoe svetilo pereidet v sozvezdie Bliznecov, gde primet fazu polnoluniya 30 dekabrya. 31 dekabrya lunnyi disk pereidet v sozvezdie Raka i zakonchit svoi put' po nebu 2020 goda pri faze 0,96- okolo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). Vstretiv novyi 2021 god v sozvezdii Raka, yarkaya Luna 2 yanvarya dostignet sozvezdiya L'va, umen'shiv fazu do 0,91-. V konce etogo dnya pri faze 0,85- nochnoe svetilo proidet severnee Regula. V sozvezdii L'va Luna probudet do konca opisyvaemogo perioda, priblizhayas' k sozvezdiyu Devy. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii ne viden, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' vecherom i noch'yu. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya na fone vechernei zari. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 i v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2020 M3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego s bleskom okolo 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr' i KN na yanvar', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,5m) v sozvezdii L'va.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, nahodyas' na vechernem nebe (no ne vidna). Uglovye razmery Merkuriya priderzhivayutsya znacheniya 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -1m. Faza planety sostavlyaet okolo 1, pri uvelichivayusheisya do 9 gradusov elongacii ot Solnca. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,42 do 1,36 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari v vide yarkoi zvezdy. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 19,5 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet menee 11 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze okolo 0,95. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide diska bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,54 do 1,57 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Mars nablyudaetsya bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot -0.3m do -0,1m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 10,8 do 10,1 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti. Fotograficheskie metody nablyudeniya s posleduyushei obrabotkoi na komp'yutere prinesut bolee kachestvennyi rezul'tat. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,86 do 0,92 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari bliz Saturna (40 uglovyh minut v nachale nedeli, t.e. eti dve planety mozhno nablyudat' v pole zreniya teleskopa). Vyshe 70 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 33 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,97 6,01 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr' i KN na yanvar'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn imeet vechernyuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera v pole zreniya binoklya i teleskopa. Dve planety s vidimymi diskami v odnom pole zreniya teleskopa - ves'ma interesnoe zrelishe! Vyshe 70 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,6m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 15 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,87 do 10,91 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran imeet vechernyuyu i nochnuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 19,26 do 19,36 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 30,22 do 30,33 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 26 Dec 2020 23h00m51.20s -16 45.615' 2.961 3.224 9.2 65.9 44.32 58.7 Aqr 31 Dec 2020 23h06m12.58s -15 59.284' 2.960 3.285 9.2 62.3 46.03 59.3 Aqr Vesta (4) 26 Dec 2020 11h28m44.93s + 9 47.668' 2.412 1.958 7.5 105.3 26.74 91.0 Leo 31 Dec 2020 11h32m08.28s + 9 48.639' 2.408 1.892 7.4 109.6 22.84 85.7 Leo Flora (8) 26 Dec 2020 2h20m06.27s + 6 27.711' 1.882 1.184 9.3 120.3 28.84 39.9 Cet 31 Dec 2020 2h23m02.09s + 7 13.529' 1.887 1.233 9.4 116.2 33.79 46.2 Cet Irena (14) 26 Dec 2020 9h00m08.34s +24 36.080' 2.364 1.501 9.9 143.3 21.75 329.4 Cnc 31 Dec 2020 8h58m13.60s +25 14.650' 2.356 1.459 9.7 148.8 26.03 320.7 Cnc Evnomiya (15) 26 Dec 2020 8h39m28.02s +17 39.359' 2.501 1.620 9.0 146.7 27.86 258.4 Cnc 31 Dec 2020 8h35m25.77s +17 28.703' 2.511 1.597 8.9 152.7 32.20 261.3 Cnc Psiheya (16) 26 Dec 2020 4h45m08.51s +17 50.052' 2.696 1.762 9.8 157.4 26.64 269.2 Tau 31 Dec 2020 4h41m45.55s +17 50.308' 2.702 1.797 9.9 151.6 22.75 271.0 Tau Laetitia (39) 26 Dec 2020 5h55m18.32s + 8 37.090' 2.704 1.745 9.9 164.2 35.06 279.4 Ori 31 Dec 2020 5h50m50.13s + 8 50.166' 2.710 1.760 10.0 161.3 33.72 282.5 Ori a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya i yanvarya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', KN na yanvar', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
28 dekabrya, 15 chasov 03 minuty - Luna (F= 0,97+) v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
29 dekabrya, noch' - Luna bliz maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
30 dekabrya, 03 chasa 28 minut - Polnolunie.
31 dekabrya, i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa ATLAS (C/2020 M3) bliz zvezdy Kapella iz sozvezdiya Voznichego.
01 yanvarya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,95-) prohodit severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
02 yanvarya, 13 chasov 51 minuta - Zemlya v perigelii svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 0,9832571 a.e. ot Solnca.
03 yanvarya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Kvadrantidy (ZHR= 120) iz sozvezdiya Volopasa.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 31 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 31 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 31 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 12 i 01 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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