Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 4 po 10 yanvarya 2021 goda1.01.2021 13:02 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 4 yanvarya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,67-) zvezdy nyu Devy (4,0m) pri vidimosti na territorii Rossii (krome Evropeiskoi ee chasti), a 6 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,45-) proidet severnee Spiki. 9 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,16-) okazhetsya v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 367391 km ot centra Zemli, a 10 yanvarya Merkurii proidet v 1,6 gr. severnee Saturna. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,12-) proidet severnee Antaresa okolo nishodyashego uzla svoei orbity.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavlyaet okolo 12 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote uvelichivaetsya do 7 chasov 25 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 32,53 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 6 yanvarya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya L'va, Devy, Vesov, Skorpiona i Zmeenosca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,75- do 0,05- i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii L'va. Eto sozvezdie Luna pokinet 4 yanvarya pri faze 0,69-, vstupiv v sozvezdie Devy. Zdes' lunnyi poludisk 6 yanvarya primet fazu poslednei chetverti, a zatem pri faze 0,45- proidet severnee Spiki. 7 yanvarya staryi mesyac (F= 0,33-) pereidet v sozvezdie Vesov i probudet v nem do 9 yanvarya, kogda dostignet sozvezdiya Skorpiona pri faze 0,16-. V sozvezdie Zmeenosca lunnyi serp voidet v etot zhe den' pri faze 0,13-. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari, a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' vecherom i noch'yu. Yupiter, Saturn i Merkurii nablyudayutsya na fone vechernei zari. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2020 M3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego s bleskom okolo 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na yanvar', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,1m) v sozvezdiyah L'va i Devy.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca (8 yanvarya perehodya v sozvezdie Kozeroga), nahodyas' na vechernem nebe. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya priderzhivayutsya znacheniya 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -1m. Faza planety sostavlyaet okolo 0,9, pri uvelichivayusheisya do 13 gradusov elongacii ot Solnca. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,36 do 1,26 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2021 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2021.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca (5 yanvarya perehodya v sozvezdie Strel'ca). Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 18 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet menee 11 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze okolo 0,95. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide diska bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,57 do 1,59 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2021.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb (5 yanvarya perehodya v sozvezdie Ovna). Mars nablyudaetsya pervuyu polovinu nochi. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot -0,1m do 0m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 10,1 do 9,4 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti. Fotograficheskie metody nablyudeniya s posleduyushei obrabotkoi na komp'yutere prinesut bolee kachestvennyi rezul'tat. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,92 do 1,0 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2021.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari bliz Saturna. Vyshe 70 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 33 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 6,01 - 6,04 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na yanvar'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2021.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn imeet vechernyuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 70 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,6m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 15 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,91 do 10,95 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2021.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran imeet vechernyuyu i nochnuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 19,36 do 19,48 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2021.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 30,33 do 30,44 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2021.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 6 Jan 2021 23h12m54.41s -15 02.492' 2.957 3.356 9.2 58.2 47.92 59.9 Aqr 11 Jan 2021 23h18m41.55s -14 14.257' 2.956 3.413 9.3 54.7 49.37 60.4 Aqr Vesta (4) 6 Jan 2021 11h35m28.42s + 9 55.756' 2.402 1.815 7.2 115.0 18.13 75.7 Leo 11 Jan 2021 11h37m35.30s +10 06.948' 2.397 1.753 7.1 119.6 14.58 61.6 Vir Flora (8) 6 Jan 2021 2h27m32.70s + 8 11.436' 1.892 1.295 9.5 111.5 39.43 51.5 Cet 11 Jan 2021 2h32m04.32s + 9 01.550' 1.896 1.349 9.6 107.8 43.85 54.8 Cet Irena (14) 6 Jan 2021 8h54m54.12s +26 04.165' 2.346 1.416 9.6 155.4 31.04 313.4 Cnc 11 Jan 2021 8h51m20.03s +26 46.999' 2.338 1.387 9.4 160.7 34.64 308.7 Cnc Evnomiya (15) 6 Jan 2021 8h29m50.07s +17 17.764' 2.523 1.577 8.8 160.0 36.51 263.5 Cnc 11 Jan 2021 8h24m41.27s +17 09.903' 2.533 1.567 8.7 166.2 39.07 264.6 Cnc Mel'pomena (18) 6 Jan 2021 9h22m02.43s + 8 26.463' 2.341 1.468 9.9 144.8 28.12 299.5 Leo 11 Jan 2021 9h18m30.82s + 8 56.575' 2.353 1.445 9.8 150.8 33.60 299.1 Cnc Amfitrita (29) 6 Jan 2021 10h56m05.44s +11 57.160' 2.517 1.823 10.1 124.8 0.53 247.0 Leo 11 Jan 2021 10h55m43.42s +11 58.326' 2.520 1.774 10.0 129.9 6.12 285.2 Leo a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2021 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii yanvarya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na yanvar', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
04 yanvarya, 18 chasov 30 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,67-) zvezdy nyu Devy (4,0m) pri vidimosti na territorii Rossii.
05 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Asteroid Psiheya (16) bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Giady.
06 yanvarya, 09 chasov 37 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
07 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa ATLAS (C/2020 M3) bliz zvezdy Kapella iz sozvezdiya Voznichego.
08 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Merkurii bliz Yupitera i Saturna.
09 yanvarya, 15 chasov 34 minuty - Luna (F= 0,16-) v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 367391 km ot centra Zemli.
10 yanvarya, 20 chasov 15 minut - Luna (F= 0,07-) v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 7 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 7 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 7 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 01 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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