Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 18 po 24 yanvarya 2021 goda15.01.2021 7:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 20 yanvarya Mars proidet v 1,6 gr. severnee Urana, a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,46+) zvezdy nyu Ryb (4,4m) pri vidimosti v vostochnoi polovine Rossii. 21 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,53+) proidet yuzhnee Urana i Marsa, a 21 yanvarya pri faze 0,56+ okazhetsya v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404358 km ot centra Zemli. 23 yanvarya Merkurii dostignet maksimal'noi vechernei (vostochnoi) elongacii 19 gradusov, a Luna (F= 0,71+) proidet yuzhnee Pleyad. 24 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,79+) proidet severnee Giad i Al'debarana, a Saturn vstupit v soedinenie s Solncem. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,84+) dostignet voshodyashego uzla svoei orbity.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 14 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote vozrastaet do 8 chasov 10 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya do 32,50 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, 20 yanvarya perehodya v sozvezdie Kozeroga. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 20 yanvarya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vodoleya, Ryb, Ovna i Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,25+ do 0,85+ i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vodoleya. 18 yanvarya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb pri faze 0,24+, a zatem - v sozvezdie Kita uzhe pri faze 0,30+. Zdes' Luna probudet do 19 yanvarya, eshe raz pereidya v sozvezdie Ryb (F= 0,4+). 20 yanvarya Luna primet fazu pervoi chetverti, a 21 yanvarya eshe raz posetit sozvezdie Kita, kotoroe pokinet v etot zhe den' pri faze 0,57+, pereidya v sozvezdie Ovna i nahodyas' bliz Marsa i Urana. 22 yanvarya lunnyi oval pereidet v sozvezdie Tel'ca pri faze 0,67+. 23 yanvarya yarkaya Luna (F= 0,7+) proidet yuzhnee Pleyad, a na sleduyushii den' budet nahodit'sya severnee Giad i Al'debarana pri faze 0,8+. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' vecherom i noch'yu. Yupiter i Saturn ne vidny. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2020 M3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego s bleskom slabee 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na yanvar', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (6,8m) v sozvezdii L'va.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga, nahodyas' na vechernem nebe. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya izmenyayutsya ot 6 do 7 dugi, a blesk ot -1m do -0,4m. Faza planety umen'shaetsya ot 0,75 do 0,5, pri uvelichivayusheisya ot 17 do 19 gradusov elongacii ot Solnca. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,12 do 0,94 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2021 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2021.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 15 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 10 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze blizkoi k 1. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide diska bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,61 do 1,63 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2021.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Mars nablyudaetsya pervuyu polovinu nochi. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot +0,1m do +0,3m, a vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 8,8 do 8,3 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti. Fotograficheskie metody nablyudeniya s posleduyushei obrabotkoi na komp'yutere prinesut bolee kachestvennyi rezul'tat. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,06 do 1,12 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2021.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Yupiter zakonchil vechernyuyu vidimost', a vyshe 70 paralleli ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet menee 33 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 6,06 - 6,07 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na yanvar'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2021.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn zakonchil vechernyuyu vidimost'. V konce nedeli planeta proidet soedinenie s Solncem. Vyshe 70 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,6m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 15 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 10,96 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2021.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m) i bliz Marsa). Uran imeet vechernyuyu i nochnuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 19,60 do 19,72 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2021.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun nahoditsya na vechernem i nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 30,54 do 30,63 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2021.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
21 Jan 2021 23h30m45.08s -12 35.680' 2.952 3.518 9.3 48.0 51.88 61.2 Aqr
26 Jan 2021 23h36m59.41s -11 45.535' 2.950 3.567 9.3 44.7 52.95 61.5 Aqr
Vesta (4)
21 Jan 2021 11h39m49.30s +10 44.281' 2.387 1.639 6.9 129.3 12.21 11.9 Leo
26 Jan 2021 11h39m52.73s +11 10.355' 2.382 1.587 6.8 134.4 14.63 348.6 Leo
Flora (8)
21 Jan 2021 2h43m01.46s +10 44.998' 1.907 1.459 9.8 100.8 51.64 59.8 Ari
26 Jan 2021 2h49m20.89s +11 37.463' 1.912 1.516 9.9 97.4 54.95 61.7 Ari
Irena (14)
21 Jan 2021 8h42m28.06s +28 11.894' 2.322 1.348 9.2 169.3 38.91 301.7 Cnc
26 Jan 2021 8h37m28.81s +28 51.391' 2.314 1.339 9.1 169.9 39.21 298.8 Cnc
Evnomiya (15)
21 Jan 2021 8h13m43.73s +16 56.468' 2.553 1.570 8.4 177.0 40.60 265.6 Cnc
26 Jan 2021 8h08m15.68s +16 50.374' 2.563 1.582 8.6 173.7 39.52 265.6 Cnc
Mel'pomena (18)
21 Jan 2021 9h09m46.48s +10 10.435' 2.377 1.418 9.6 163.1 41.67 299.3 Cnc
26 Jan 2021 9h04m50.02s +10 52.516' 2.389 1.415 9.5 169.0 43.86 299.6 Cnc
Amfitrita (29)
21 Jan 2021 10h52m47.76s +12 11.163' 2.528 1.688 9.8 140.8 17.37 286.5 Leo
26 Jan 2021 10h50m16.06s +12 22.267' 2.532 1.652 9.7 146.5 22.59 286.2 Leo
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2021 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii yanvarya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na yanvar', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
18 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa ATLAS (C/2020 M3) bliz zvezdy Kapella iz sozvezdiya Voznichego.
19 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Mars bliz Urana.
20 yanvarya, 21 chas 02 minuty - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
21 yanvarya, 13 chasov 12 minut - Luna (F= 0,56+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404358 km ot centra Zemli.
22 yanvarya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,65+) bliz Pleyad.
23 yanvarya, vecher - Merkurii dostigaet maksimal'noi vechernei (vostochnoi) elongacii 19 gradusov.
24 yanvarya, 21 chas 47 minut - Luna (F= 0,84+) v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 21 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 21 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 21 yanvarya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 01 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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