Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 21 po 27 iyunya 2021 goda18.06.2021 6:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 21 iyunya nastupit letnee solncestoyanie. Solnce v etot den' (podnimayas' k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora) kak by zamiraet v verhnei tochke maksimal'nogo skloneniya (+23,5 gradusa), a zatem nachinaet opuskat'sya k yugu (postepenno sblizhayas' s nebesnym ekvatorom, peresechenie kotorogo proizoidet 22 sentyabrya). Privedennye dannye po prodolzhitel'nosti dnya spravedlivy dlya shiroty Moskvy, gde poludennaya vysota Solnca v techenie mesyaca imeet znachenie okolo 57 gradusov. Na shirote S._Peterburga nastupayut belye nochi, a severnee 66 shiroty idet polyarnyi den'. Dostatochno blagopriyatnye usloviya dlya nablyudeniya zvezdnogo neba ostayutsya lish' v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Dlya srednih shirot glubokoe zvezdnoe nebo otkroetsya lish' k koncu iyulya. 21 iyunya Yupiter dostignet stoyaniya s perehodom k popyatnomu dvizheniyu, a Venera proidet v 5,2 gr. yuzhnee Polluksa. V etot zhe den' proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,87+) zvezdy nyu Vesov (5,2m) pri vidimosti na Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii, a 22 iyunya Merkurii dostignet stoyaniya s perehodom k pryamomu dvizheniyu. 23 iyunya Luna (F= 0,96+) proidet severnee Antaresa okolo nishodyashego uzla svoei orbity i perigeya na rasstoyanii 359953 km ot centra Zemli. 25 iyunya Luna (F= 1,0) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a 26 iyunya Neptun dostignet stoyaniya s perehodom k popyatnomu dvizheniyu. 27 iyunya meteornyi potok Iyun'skie Bootidy dostignet maksimuma deistviya (potok peremennyi, ZHR= 0 - 100), a Luna (F= 0,90-) proidet yuzhnee Saturna. Vsyu nedelyu vozmozhno poyavlenie serebristyh oblakov na fone sumerechnogo segmenta. Krome etogo, idet period, kogda yarkie sputniki Yupitera tesno sblizhayutsya i pokryvayutsya drug drugom.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 57 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote sostavlyaet okolo 17 chasov 30 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya do 31,47 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 24 iyunya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Devy, Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca, Strel'ca i Kozeroga, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,8+ do 1, a zatem do 0,85-, i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii (s 25 iyunya - uvelichivaya). Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Devy. V sozvezdie Vesov lunnyi oval voidet 21 iyunya pri faze 0,8+. 22 iyunya pochti polnaya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Skorpiona pri faze 0,94+, a 23 iyunya pri faze 0,96+ vstupit v sozvezdie Zmeenosca. 24 iyunya yarkii lunnyi disk pereidet v sozvezdie Strel'ca i primet zdes' fazu polnoluniya. V etom sozvezdii Luna probudet do 26 iyunya, kogda pereidet v sozvezdie Kozeroga pri faze 0,96-. Zdes' nochnoe svetilo (F= 0,9-) 27 iyunya proidet yuzhnee Saturna. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii ne viden, a Veneru i Mars mozhno nablyudat' na fone vechernei zari. Yupiter i Saturn vidny bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Uran i Neptun nahodyatsya na utrennem sumerechnom nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/ .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Palomar (C/2020 T2) s bleskom okolo 11m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Volopasa. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyun', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,6m) v sozvezdii L'va.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd, nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: T Strel'ca 8,5m - 23 iyunya i U Kormy 8,5m - 26 iyunya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca, 22 iyunya menyaya dvizhenie na pryamoe. Merkurii mozhno naiti v luchah voshodyashego Solnca (luchshie usloviya vidimosti v yuzhnyh shirotah). Uglovye razmery Merkuriya umen'shayutsya ot 11 do 9,5 sekund dugi, a blesk uvelichivaetsya ot +3m do +1,3m. Faza planety uvelichivaetsya ot 0,08 do 0,2, a elongaciya vozrastaet ot 11 do 20 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,61 do 0,71 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2021 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2021.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov, 25 iyunya perehodya v sozvezdie Raka. Venera nablyudaetsya fone vechernei zari. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya do 24,5 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 11 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze blizkoi k 0,9. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 1,54 do 1,51 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2021.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Raka (bliz M44). Mars nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo +1,8m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 4 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno razlichit' krohotnyi krasnovatyi disk. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 2,37 do 2,41 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2021.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya, prohodya tochku stoyaniya 21 iyunya i menyaya dvizhenie na popyatnoe. Yupiter viden bol'shuyu chast' nochi levee Saturna. Uglovoi diametr planety dostigaet 45 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,49 - 4,39 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyun'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2021.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn nablyudaetsya bol'shuyu chast' nochi pravee Yupitera. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,3m, a uglovoi diametr - bolee 18 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 9,19 do 9,12 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2021.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)). Uran nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya ot 20,43 do 20,34 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2021.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya levee zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' na utrennem sumerechnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 29,79 do 29,67 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2021.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 21 Jun 2021 3h02.75349m +10.50312 deg 2.869 3.517 9.2 43.7 54.11 73.2 Ari 26 Jun 2021 3h09.71098m +11.00876 deg 2.866 3.467 9.2 46.6 53.26 73.8 Ari Vesta (4) 21 Jun 2021 11h30.15010m +11.15267 deg 2.243 2.198 7.6 79.2 52.29 119.9 Leo 26 Jun 2021 11h36.43384m +10.27443 deg 2.238 2.250 7.7 76.3 54.63 119.4 Leo Geba (6) 21 Jun 2021 19h59.84387m - 7.50396 deg 2.339 1.421 9.0 146.8 21.84 245.0 Aql 26 Jun 2021 19h56.98020m - 7.85734 deg 2.327 1.381 8.9 151.8 27.29 243.7 Aql Irida (7) 21 Jun 2021 3h06.38808m +20.72617 deg 1.851 2.515 9.9 39.7 90.41 75.3 Ari 26 Jun 2021 3h18.84691m +21.45874 deg 1.848 2.483 9.9 41.5 90.10 76.3 Ari Viktoriya (12) 21 Jun 2021 20h42.38715m - 4.62631 deg 1.830 0.956 9.4 136.2 24.61 357.5 Aqr 26 Jun 2021 20h41.97525m - 3.83929 deg 1.827 0.926 9.3 140.3 23.66 341.6 Aqr Ausonia (63) 21 Jun 2021 16h20.92337m -32.25661 deg 2.099 1.126 10.0 156.8 28.73 294.0 Sco 26 Jun 2021 16h17.31960m -31.86535 deg 2.097 1.145 10.1 151.9 24.62 300.3 Sco a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2021 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyunya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyun', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
21 iyunya, 03 chasa 32 minuty - Letnee solncestoyanie.
22 iyunya, 20 chasov 40 minut - Merkurii v stoyanii s perehodom k pryamomu dvizheniyu.
23 iyunya, 09 chasov 55 minut - Luna (F= 0,97+) v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 359953 km ot centra Zemli.
24 iyunya, 18 chasov 39 minut - Polnolunie.
25 iyunya, 05 chasov 50 minut - Luna (F= 1,0) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
26 iyunya, 09 chasov 35 minut - Neptun v stoyanii s perehodom k popyatnomu dvizheniyu.
27 iyunya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,90-) prohodit yuzhnee Saturna.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 24 iyunya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 24 iyunya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 24 iyunya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 06 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO i http://blog.astronomypage.ru (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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