Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 20 po 26 sentyabrya 2021 goda16.09.2021 7:10 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 20 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,99+) proidet yuzhnee Neptuna, a 22 sentyabrya nastupit osennee ravnodenstvie. V etot den' v 21 chas 21 minutu po moskovskomu vremeni Solnce, dvigayas' po ekliptike (v sozvezdii Devy), dostignet tochki nebesnoi sfery s koordinatami 12 chasov po pryamomu voshozhdeniyu i 0 gradusov po skloneniyu, peresechet nebesnyi ekvator i pereidet iz severnogo polushariya neba v yuzhnoe. V den' osennego ravnodenstviya Solnce na vsei Zemle voshodit tochno na vostoke, a zahodit tochno na zapade (den' stanovitsya raven nochi). Nastupaet astronomicheskaya osen' v severnom polusharii Zemli i vesna - v yuzhnom. Na polyusah Zemli Solnce matematicheski dvizhetsya tochno po gorizontu v techenie sutok, hotya blagodarya refrakcii, pripodnimayushei vse svetila nad gorizontom, fakticheski ono dvizhetsya vyshe gorizonta na velichinu refrakcii - okolo polgradusa. Po etoi zhe prichine vo vremya osennego (kak i vesennego) ravnodenstviya den' vse-taki nemnogo dlinnee nochi. Posle dnya osennego ravnodenstviya poludennaya vysota Solnca budet umen'shat'sya vplot' do dnya zimnego solncestoyaniya, preodolev chetvert' svoego puti po zodiakal'nym sozvezdiyam i po orbite vokrug Solnca. Iz drugih yavlenii 22 sentyabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Lebedya dostignet maksimuma bleska (7m), a Merkurii proidet v 1,4 gr. yuzhnee Spiki. V etot zhe den' proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,97-) zvezdy 89 Ryb (5,1m) pri vidimosti v Sibiri i na Dal'nem Vostoke. 23 sentyabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Centavra dostignet maksimuma bleska (5,5m), a 24 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,87-) proidet yuzhnee Urana. 25 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,78-) proidet yuzhnee Pleyad, a 26 sentyabrya pri faze 0,75- okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,7-) dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404640 km ot centra Zemli i proidet severnee Al'debarana. Krome etogo, prodolzhaetsya period, kogda yarkie sputniki Yupitera tesno sblizhayutsya i pokryvayutsya drug drugom.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 33 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 11 chasov 55 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 31,90 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Devy. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 20 sentyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vodoleya, Ryb, Ovna i Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 1,0 do 0,7- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vodoleya, gde 20 sentyabrya pochti polnaya Luna proidet yuzhnee Neptuna. Zatem lunnyi disk pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, gde primet fazu polnoluniya, nablyudayas' vsyu noch'. 21 sentyabrya polnaya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Kita pri faze 0,99-, a 22 sentyabrya vnov' peresechet granicu sozvezdiya Ryb pri faze 0,98-. 23 sentyabrya pri faze 0,92- nochnoe svetilo eshe raz voidet v sozvezdie Kita, a zatem pri faze 0,91- dostignet sozvezdiya Ovna. Zdes' 24 sentyabrya lunnyi oval proidet yuzhnee Urana pri faze 0,87-, a zatem ustremitsya k sozvezdiyu Tel'ca, v kotoroe voidet 25 sentyabrya pri faze 0,82-. V etot den' Luna proidet yuzhnee Pleyad pri faze 0,78-, a 26 sentyabrya budet nahodit'sya bliz Giad i Al'debarana pri faze okolo 0,7-. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Veneru mozhno naiti na vechernem nebe, Mars ne viden, a Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya vecherom i noch'yu. Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' v binokl' vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica PANSTARRS (C/2017 K2) s bleskom okolo 11m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Gerkulesa. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,9m) v sozvezdii Devy.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd, nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: S Yuzhnoi Ryby 8,5m - 21 sentyabrya, U Lebedya 7,8m - 22 sentyabrya, RY Zmeenosca 8,6m - 22 sentyabrya, T Centavra 6,5m - 23 sentyabrya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy (bliz Spiki). Merkurii nahoditsya na vechernem nebe, no luchshe vsego viden v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya vozrastayut do 9 sekund dugi, a blesk umen'shaetsya do 0,8m. Faza planety umen'shaetsya ot 0,46 do 0,29, a elongaciya umen'shaetsya ot 27 do 22 gradusov. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,87 do 0,76 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2021 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2021.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov. Venera vidna na fone vechernei zari pri elongacii, kotoraya uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 43 do 44 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. Nablyudat' planetu mozhno i dnem, tochno znaya ee gorizontal'nye koordinaty na dannyi moment vremeni. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya do 18 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4m pri faze blizkoi k 0,65. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,97 do 0,92 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2021.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy. Mars nahoditsya na vechernem nebe, no ne viden. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo +1,6m, a vidimyi diametr - menee 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 2,63 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2021.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Yupiter viden vecherom i noch'yu v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy nochnogo neba (levee Saturna). Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 47 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,7m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,15 - 4,21 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2021.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn nablyudaetsya vecherom i noch'yu pravee Yupitera. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,4m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 18 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 9,27 do 9,36 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2021.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna). Uran viden vsyu noch'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya ot 19,04 do 18,96 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2021.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya levee zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya do 28,94 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2021.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 21 Sep 2021 4h40.70369m +15.81221 deg 2.801 2.337 8.5 107.0 15.80 78.8 Tau 26 Sep 2021 4h42.60868m +15.90396 deg 2.797 2.271 8.4 111.4 11.68 76.6 Tau Pallada (2) 21 Sep 2021 23h01.98637m - 2.51691 deg 3.132 2.145 8.7 167.3 43.79 218.9 Psc 26 Sep 2021 22h58.49581m - 3.64307 deg 3.123 2.156 8.8 161.4 42.15 217.6 Aqr Vesta (4) 21 Sep 2021 13h57.53128m - 7.16838 deg 2.178 2.961 7.9 32.2 76.71 112.9 Vir 26 Sep 2021 14h07.04088m - 8.15646 deg 2.176 2.987 7.9 29.9 77.32 112.3 Vir Geba (6) 21 Sep 2021 19h18.62690m -20.71832 deg 2.134 1.566 9.4 110.4 28.83 121.7 Sgr 26 Sep 2021 19h22.52328m -21.20192 deg 2.124 1.611 9.5 106.3 32.58 114.0 Sgr Irida (7) 21 Sep 2021 6h47.52816m +24.00531 deg 1.870 1.818 9.5 77.1 69.75 98.9 Gem 26 Sep 2021 6h57.37072m +23.61663 deg 1.876 1.774 9.5 79.7 67.24 100.2 Gem Viktoriya (12) 21 Sep 2021 20h13.10317m - 5.19081 deg 1.851 1.082 9.8 125.1 28.95 113.8 Aql 26 Sep 2021 20h17.09851m - 5.56000 deg 1.857 1.126 10.0 121.4 33.79 107.6 Aql Garmoniya (40) 21 Sep 2021 0h53.60368m - 2.76179 deg 2.162 1.177 9.6 164.6 36.31 244.1 Cet 26 Sep 2021 0h49.20141m - 3.28628 deg 2.162 1.168 9.4 169.3 38.56 246.3 Cet Yuliya (89) 21 Sep 2021 21h35.95343m + 1.07251 deg 2.089 1.181 9.4 145.8 23.11 282.6 Aqr 26 Sep 2021 21h33.47842m + 1.23412 deg 2.087 1.211 9.5 140.8 16.62 286.3 Aqr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2021 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii sentyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
20 sentyabrya, 23 chasa 53 minuty - Polnolunie.
21 sentyabrya, vecher - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Lebedya bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
22 sentyabrya, 19 chasov 21 minuta - Osennee ravnodenstvie.
23 sentyabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda T Centavra bliz maksimuma bleska (5,5m).
24 sentyabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,87-) prohodit yuzhnee Urana.
25 sentyabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,78-) prohodit yuzhnee Pleyad.
26 sentyabrya, 21 chas 45 minut - Luna (F= 0,70-) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404640 km ot centra Zemli.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 23 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 23 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 23 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 09 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO i http://blog.astronomypage.ru (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
Publikacii so slovami: astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom | |
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