Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 18 po 24 oktyabrya 2021 goda15.10.2021 7:01 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 18 oktyabrya Merkurii i Yupiter dostignut stoyaniya s perehodom k pryamomu dvizheniyu. 21 oktyabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Orionidy (ZHR= 15), a Mars proidet v 2,6 gr. severnee Spiki. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,98-) proidet yuzhnee Urana. 23 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,94-) proidet yuzhnee Pleyad bliz voshodyashego uzla svoei orbity. 24 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,88-) proidet severnee Al'debarana, a pri faze 0,86- dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405615 km ot centra Zemli.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 21 gradusa, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 9 chasov 45 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,17 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Devy. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 20 oktyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vodoleya, Ryb, Ovna, Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,9+ do 0,85- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vodoleya. 18 oktyabrya pri faze 0,94+ pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,97+) dostignet sozvezdiya Kita, a 19 oktyabrya yarkii lunnyi disk eshe raz pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb pri faze 0,99+. Zdes' nochnoe svetilo primet fazu polnoluniya 20 oktyabrya, nablyudayas' vsyu noch', a 21 oktyabrya vnov' peresechet granicu sozvezdiya Kita. V etot zhe den' pri faze 0,99- yarkii lunnyi disk pereidet v sozvezdie Ovna, gde proidet yuzhnee Urana (F= 0,98-) 21 oktyabrya. V sozvezdie Tel'ca Luna voidet 22 oktyabrya pri faze 0,96-. 23 oktyabrya Luna proidet yuzhnee Pleyad pri faze 0,94-, a 24 oktyabrya budet nahodit'sya bliz Giad i Al'debarana (a takzhe bliz Cerery) pri faze okolo 0,9-. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari, a Veneru mozhno naiti na vechernem nebe. Mars ne viden, a Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya vecherom i noch'yu. Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' v binokl' vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) s bleskom okolo 10m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,8m) v sozvezdii Vesov, a takzhe Cerera (7,9m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd, nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: X Vodoleya 8,1m - 18 oktyabrya, V Bliznecov 8,5m - 19 oktyabrya, S Zmei 9,0m - 20 oktyabrya, Y Perseya 9,0m - 20 oktyabrya, S Bliznecov 8,7m - 22 oktyabrya, Y Drakona 9,1m - 23 oktyabrya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy pravee Spiki. Merkurii nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, k koncu nedeli uvelichivaya elongaciyu do 18,5 gradusov, pochti dostigaya maksimal'noi elongacii (25 oktyabrya). Planetu mozhno dostatochno legko naiti na fone utrennei zari, t.k. blesk ee uvelichivaetsya ot +1m do -0,5m. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya umen'shayutsya ot 8,5 do 7 sekund dugi, a faza planety uvelichivaetsya ot 0,2 do 0,55. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,79 do 0,97 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2021 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2021.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyam Skorpiona i Zmeenosca bliz Antaresa. Venera vidna na fone vechernei zari pri elongacii, kotoraya uvelichivaetsya za nedelyu ot 46,5 do 47 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. Nablyudat' planetu mozhno i dnem, tochno znaya ee gorizontal'nye koordinaty na dannyi moment vremeni. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya ot 22 do 23,5 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet okolo -4,3m pri faze blizkoi k 0,5. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,76 do 0,70 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2021.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy bliz Spiki. Mars nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, no ne viden, t.k. nahoditsya bliz soedineniya s Solncem. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo +1,6m, a vidimyi diametr - menee 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,61 do 2,60 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2021.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Yupiter viden vecherom i noch'yu v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy nochnogo neba (levee Saturna). Uglovoi diametr planety umen'shaetsya ot 44 do 43 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,47 - 4,57 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2021.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn nablyudaetsya vecherom i noch'yu pravee Yupitera. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 17 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 9,68 do 9,79 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2021.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna). Uran viden vsyu noch'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya ot 18,79 do 18,76 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2021.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya levee zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 29,09 do 29,16 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2021.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 16 Oct 2021 4h44.01949m +16.18377 deg 2.781 2.027 8.0 130.6 7.78 284.0 Tau 21 Oct 2021 4h42.70069m +16.24165 deg 2.777 1.975 7.9 135.8 12.65 278.2 Tau Pallada (2) 16 Oct 2021 22h47.97033m - 7.69000 deg 3.087 2.274 9.1 137.9 29.39 206.7 Aqr 21 Oct 2021 22h46.49957m - 8.52705 deg 3.078 2.318 9.2 132.3 25.54 201.3 Aqr Vesta (4) 16 Oct 2021 14h46.45877m -11.91329 deg 2.167 3.071 7.8 20.7 79.34 109.7 Lib 21 Oct 2021 14h56.64798m -12.79039 deg 2.165 3.087 7.8 18.4 79.73 108.9 Lib Geba (6) 16 Oct 2021 19h44.98998m -22.49678 deg 2.085 1.804 9.7 91.6 47.79 96.6 Sgr 21 Oct 2021 19h52.09113m -22.65716 deg 2.075 1.853 9.8 88.2 51.16 94.0 Sgr Irida (7) 16 Oct 2021 7h31.87642m +21.74549 deg 1.902 1.598 9.3 91.3 54.37 106.1 Gem 21 Oct 2021 7h39.08701m +21.22737 deg 1.910 1.553 9.2 94.5 50.42 107.8 Gem Garmoniya (40) 16 Oct 2021 0h30.65863m - 4.98769 deg 2.163 1.196 9.7 161.0 33.63 255.2 Cet 21 Oct 2021 0h26.67154m - 5.22992 deg 2.164 1.218 9.8 155.4 29.34 258.5 Cet Yuliya (89) 16 Oct 2021 21h32.49798m + 1.89049 deg 2.081 1.371 10.0 122.2 12.40 62.0 Aqr 21 Oct 2021 21h34.40415m + 2.09833 deg 2.080 1.418 10.1 118.0 18.25 68.7 Aqr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2021 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii oktyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
18 oktyabrya, 00 chasov 54 minuty - Merkurii v stoyanii s perehodom k pryamomu dvizheniyu
19 oktyabrya, i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Cerera bliz Al'debarana.
20 oktyabrya, 14 chasov 56 minut - Polnolunie.
21 oktyabrya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Orionidy (ZHR= 15).
22 oktyabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Bliznecov bliz maksimuma bleska (7,5m).
23 oktyabrya, 11 chasov 47 minut - Luna (F= 0,93-) v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
24 oktyabrya, 15 chasov 30 minut - Luna (F= 0,86-) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405615 km ot centra Zemli.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 21 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 21 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 21 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 10 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO i http://blog.astronomypage.ru (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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