Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 20 po 26 dekabrya 2021 goda17.12.2021 4:10 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 20 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,99-) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. 21 dekabrya - dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda X Edinoroga dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m). V etot zhe den' nastupit zimnee solncestoyanie. V severnom polusharii Zemli v etot den' budet samaya dlinnaya noch' i samyi korotkii den', a v yuzhnom - naoborot. Severnee 66,5 gradusov severnoi shiroty idet polyarnaya noch', a yuzhnee 66,5 gradusov yuzhnoi shiroty - polyarnyi den'. Solnce dostigaet minimal'nogo otricatel'nogo skloneniya 23,5 gradusa, nachinaya svoi put' po ekliptike k severu. Cherez tri mesyaca Solnce peresechet nebesnyi ekvator (vesennee ravnodenstvie), a cherez polgoda dostignet svoei verhnei tochki ekliptiki (letnee solnce stoyanie), posle chego opyat' nachnet opuskat'sya k yugu. 22 dekabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Ursidy (ZHR= 10) iz sozvezdiya Maloi Medvedicy, a Luna (F= 0,9-) proidet severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). V etot zhe den' proizoidet pokrytie asteroidom (688) Melanie zvezdy beta Malogo Psa pri vidimosti v severnyh raionah strany. 24 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,78-) proidet severnee Regula. V etot zhe den' proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,74-) zvezdy 46 L'va (5,4m) pri vidimosti v vostochnoi polovine strany, a 26 dekabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Kita dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m). Krome etogo, vidimyi diametr Venery priblizhaetsya k 1 uglovoi minute, poetomu zorkie lyudi mogut popytat'sya razglyadet' serp planety nevooruzhennym glazom.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote sostavlyaet okolo 7 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,52 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 27 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Bliznecov, Raka, L'va, Devy, izmenyaya fazu ot 1,0 do 0,5- i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Bliznecov, nablyudayas' vsyu noch'. 21 dekabrya lunnyi disk pereidet v sozvezdie Raka pri faze 0,94-, a 22 dekabrya (F= 0,9-) proidet severnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). Na sleduyushii den' Luna (F= 0,85-) pereidet v sozvezdie L'va, gde pri faze 0,78- proidet severnee Regula 24 dekabrya. 26 dekabrya lunnyi oval (F= 0,61-) dostignet sozvezdiya Devy, gde na sleduyushii den' primet fazu poslednei chetverti. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Venera vidny na fone vechernei zari, a Mars nablyudaetsya na fone utrennei zari. Yupiter i Saturn nahodyatsya na vechernem nebe, a Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' v binokl' vecherom i noch'yu. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet (naibolee dostupnyh dlya lyubitelei astronomii) hvostataya strannica P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) s bleskom okolo 10m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Raka, a kometa Leonard (C/2021 A1) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Strel'ca i Mikroskopa pri bleske okolo 6m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Cerera (7,4m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca (bliz Giad i Pleyad).
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd, nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: RR Strel'ca 7,0m - 20 dekabrya, X Edinoroga 7,6m - 21 dekabrya, Z Kormy 8,7m - 22 dekabrya, U Gerkulesa 8,1m - 24 dekabrya, RU Vesov 8,4m - 24 dekabrya, S Bol'shoi Medvedicy 8,0m - 25 dekabrya, R Kita 7,5m - 26 dekabrya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Merkurii mozhno naiti v luchah zahodyashego Solnca. Elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli uvelichitsya do 15,5 gradusov k vostoku. Blesk planety priderzhivaetsya znacheniya -0,7m, a uglovye razmery sostavlyayut okolo 5 sekund dugi pri faze blizkoi k 0,9. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' krohotnyi disk bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,34 do 1,24 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2021 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2021.html
Venera. Planeta imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Venera vidna na fone vechernei zari pri elongacii, umen'shayusheisya ot 28 do 20 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. V binokl' i teleskop mozhno nablyudat' serp planety bez vidimyh detalei, a zorkie lyudi mogut popytat'sya razglyadet' serp planety nevooruzhennym glazom. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya ot 53 do 58 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet okolo -4,5m pri faze umen'shayusheisya ot 0,12 do 0,05. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,32 do 0,29 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2021.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Skorpiona, 24 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Zmeenosca. Mars viden na fone utrennei zari. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo +1,5m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,40 do 2,37 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2021.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Yupiter viden po vecheram levee Saturna. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 36 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,1m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,41 - 5,51 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2021.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn nablyudaetsya po vecheram pravee Yupitera. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,7m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,63 do 10,70 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2021.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna). Uran viden v vechernee i nochnoe vremya. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 19,04 do 19,13 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2021.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya levee zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' na vechernem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 30,04 do 30,16 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2021.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
21 Dec 2021 3h52.86105m +17.29647 deg 2.727 1.827 7.5 150.6 27.19 280.4 Tau
26 Dec 2021 3h49.49268m +17.47656 deg 2.723 1.860 7.6 144.8 23.10 284.1 Tau
Pallada (2)
21 Dec 2021 23h09.67548m -12.33148 deg 2.955 3.058 9.9 74.7 33.28 85.2 Aqr
26 Dec 2021 23h14.33917m -12.21766 deg 2.944 3.118 9.9 70.7 35.73 83.3 Aqr
Vesta (4)
21 Dec 2021 17h10.08377m -20.42456 deg 2.153 3.110 7.7 11.0 81.34 97.3 Oph
26 Dec 2021 17h21.52346m -20.74189 deg 2.153 3.098 7.7 13.3 81.20 96.2 Oph
Irida (7)
21 Dec 2021 8h01.03301m +16.12274 deg 2.030 1.119 8.1 149.7 29.39 259.0 Cnc
26 Dec 2021 7h56.80180m +15.95533 deg 2.041 1.105 8.0 155.6 34.46 262.9 Cnc
Massaliya (20)
21 Dec 2021 9h37.97148m +12.97190 deg 2.075 1.333 9.7 126.5 6.78 118.3 Leo
26 Dec 2021 9h38.45108m +12.89580 deg 2.077 1.291 9.5 131.5 1.10 203.1 Leo
Nysa (44)
21 Dec 2021 5h00.93865m +17.49199 deg 2.108 1.140 9.3 165.9 36.30 272.9 Tau
26 Dec 2021 4h56.23777m +17.57278 deg 2.104 1.152 9.3 160.0 32.90 274.8 Tau
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2021 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
20 dekabrya, 04 chasov 33 minut - Luna (F= 0,99-) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
21 dekabrya, 15 chasov 59 minut - Zimnee solncestoyanie.
22 dekabrya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Ursidy (ZHR= 10) iz sozvezdiya Maloi Medvedicy.
23 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,85-) bliz zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
24 dekabrya, 17 chasov 30 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,74-) zvezdy 46 L'va (5,4m) pri vidimosti v vostochnoi polovine strany.
25 dekabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Bol'shoi Medvedicy bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
26 dekabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Kita bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 23 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 23 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 23 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 12 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO i http://blog.astronomypage.ru (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
Publikacii so slovami: astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom | |
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