Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 27 dekabrya 2021 goda po 2 yanvarya 2022 goda24.12.2021 6:19 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
S nastupayushim novym godom! Zhelaem vam v novom godu yasnogo neba, uspeshnyh nablyudenii i novyh znanii o vselennoi!
Na dannoi nedele 28 dekabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Drakona dostignet maksimuma bleska (5m), a Luna (F= 0,37-) proidet severnee Spiki. 29 dekabrya Merkurii proidet v 4,2 gr. yuzhnee Venery, a 30 dekabrya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Skul'ptora dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m). 31 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,11-) proidet tochku nishodyashego uzla svoei orbity, a Luna (F= 0,06-) budet nahodit'sya bliz Marsa i Antaresa (pokrytie Marsa, vidimoe v Avstralii i Antarktide). 1 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,01-) dostignet perigeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 358032 km ot centra Zemli, a 2 yanvarya proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,01+) proidet yuzhnee Venery. Krome etogo, vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet 1 uglovuyu minutu, poetomu zorkie lyudi mogut popytat'sya razglyadet' serp planety nevooruzhennym glazom.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote uvelichivaetsya do 7 chasov 10 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 32,53 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 2 yanvarya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Devy, Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca i Strel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,5- do 0 i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Devy, gde 27 dekabrya primet fazu poslednei chetverti. 28 dekabrya lunnyi serp pri faze 0,37- proidet severnee Spiki, a 29 dekabrya peresechet granicu sozvezdiya Vesov pri faze 0,25-. 30 dekabrya stareyushii mesyac (F= 0,12-) pereidet v sozvezdie Skorpiona, a zatem (31 dekabrya) pri faze 0,08- vstupit v sozvezdie Zmeenosca, nablyudayas' bliz Marsa i Antaresa (pokrytie Marsa pri vidimosti v Avstralii i Antarktide). V sozvezdii Zmeenosca Luna zakonchit svoi put' po nebu 2021 goda okolo fazy 0,05-. V pervyi den' goda lunnyi serp (F= 0,01-) pereidet v sozvezdie Strel'ca. Zdes' Luna primet fazu novoluniya 2 yanvarya, ostavayas' v sozvezdii Strel'ca do 3 yanvarya, perehodya zatem (F= 0,02+) v sozvezdie Kozeroga. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Venera vidny na fone vechernei zari, a Mars nablyudaetsya na fone utrennei zari. Yupiter i Saturn nahodyatsya na vechernem nebe, a Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' v binokl' vecherom i noch'yu. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2021 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1704127. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet (naibolee dostupnyh dlya lyubitelei astronomii) hvostataya strannica P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) s bleskom okolo 10m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Raka, a kometa Leonard (C/2021 A1) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Mikroskopa i Yuzhnoi Ryby pri bleske okolo 6m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', KN na yanvar', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2022 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Cerera (7,6m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca (bliz Giad i Pleyad).
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd, nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: R Drakona 6,3m - 28 dekabrya, T Centavra 6,5m - 28 dekabrya, W Kassiopei 9,0m - 29 dekabrya, S Oriona 8,5m - 29 dekabrya, S Skul'ptora 7,5m - 30 dekabrya.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, 2 yanvarya perehodya v sozvezdie Kozeroga. Merkurii mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari bliz Venery. Elongaciya planety za nedelyu uvelichitsya ot 15,5 do 18,5 gradusov k vostoku. Blesk planety priderzhivaetsya znacheniya -0,7m, a uglovye razmery sostavlyayut okolo 6 sekund dugi pri faze blizkoi k 0,8. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' krohotnyi oval bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,24 do 1,10 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2021 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2021.html
Venera. Planeta imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Venera vidna na fone vechernei zari pri elongacii, umen'shayusheisya ot 20 do 10 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. V binokl' i teleskop posle zahoda Solnca mozhno nablyudat' tonkii serp planety bez vidimyh detalei, a zorkie lyudi mogut popytat'sya razglyadet' serp planety nevooruzhennym glazom do zahoda Solnca. Vnimanie! Nablyudeniya Venery v dnevnoe vremya v opticheskie pribory ne rekomenduetsya (osobenno dlya nachinayushih lyubitelei astronomii), t.k. planeta nahoditsya blizko k Solncu i imeetsya opasnost' navodki teleskop na dnevnoe svetilo, chto opasno dlya zreniya! V binokl', teleskop i drugie opticheskie pribory smotret' na Solnce nel'zya! Dlya takih nablyudenii trebuetsya special'nyi fil'tr, umen'shayushii yarkost' Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya ot 58 do 61 uglovyh sekund, a blesk umen'shaetsya do -4m pri faze umen'shayusheisya ot 0,05 do 0,01. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,29 do 0,27 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2021.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca. Mars viden na fone utrennei zari. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo +1,5m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 4 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk prakticheski bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,37 do 2,33 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2021.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Yupiter viden po vecheram levee Saturna. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 35 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,1m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,51 - 5,59 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na dekabr' i KN na yanvar'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2021.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn nablyudaetsya po vecheram pravee Yupitera. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,7m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,70 do 10,76 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2021.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna). Uran viden v vechernee i nochnoe vremya. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 19,13 do 19,24 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2021.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) imeet dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya levee zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m). Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' na vechernem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 30,16 do 30,27 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2021.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 26 Dec 2021 3h49.49268m +17.47656 deg 2.723 1.860 7.6 144.8 23.10 284.1 Tau 31 Dec 2021 3h46.75062m +17.68160 deg 2.719 1.898 7.7 139.2 18.75 289.9 Tau Pallada (2) 26 Dec 2021 23h14.33917m -12.21766 deg 2.944 3.118 9.9 70.7 35.73 83.3 Aqr 31 Dec 2021 23h19.30400m -12.05849 deg 2.933 3.177 10.0 66.9 38.06 81.7 Aqr Vesta (4) 26 Dec 2021 17h21.52346m -20.74189 deg 2.153 3.098 7.7 13.3 81.20 96.2 Oph 31 Dec 2021 17h32.98826m -21.00737 deg 2.153 3.083 7.7 15.7 81.03 95.1 Oph Irida (7) 26 Dec 2021 7h56.80180m +15.95533 deg 2.041 1.105 8.0 155.6 34.46 262.9 Cnc 31 Dec 2021 7h51.91695m +15.83249 deg 2.053 1.096 7.9 161.6 38.47 265.6 Gem Massaliya (20) 26 Dec 2021 9h38.45108m +12.89580 deg 2.077 1.291 9.5 131.5 1.10 203.1 Leo 31 Dec 2021 9h38.05421m +12.89469 deg 2.080 1.252 9.4 136.6 7.09 280.2 Leo Nysa (44) 26 Dec 2021 4h56.23777m +17.57278 deg 2.104 1.152 9.3 160.0 32.90 274.8 Tau 31 Dec 2021 4h52.09543m +17.68494 deg 2.099 1.170 9.4 154.2 28.35 277.4 Tau a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2021 god i AK na 2022 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya i yanvarya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na dekabr', KN na yanvar', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2021 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2022 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
27 dekabrya, 02 chasa 25 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
28 dekabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Drakona bliz maksimuma bleska (5m).
29 dekabrya, vecher - Merkurii prohodit v 4,2 gr. yuzhnee Venery.
30 dekabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Skul'ptora bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
31 dekabrya, 01 chas 07 minut - Luna (F= 0,11-) v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
01 yanvarya, 22 chasa 55 minut - Luna (F= 0,01-) v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 358032 km ot centra Zemli.
02 yanvarya, 18 chasov 34 minuty - Novolunie.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 30 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 30 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 30 dekabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 12 i 01 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO i http://blog.astronomypage.ru (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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