Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 25 aprelya po 1 maya 2022 goda22.04.2022 7:20 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 26 aprelya Luna (F= 0,25-) proidet yuzhnee Marsa, a 27 aprelya pri faze 0,14- - yuzhnee Venery, Yupitera i Neptuna. V etot zhe den' Venera sblizitsya s Neptunom do 0,5 uglovyh minut (!). 29 aprelya Merkurii dostignet maksimal'noi vostochnoi (vechernei) elongacii 20 gradusov. 30 aprelya proizoidet chastnoe solnechnoe zatmenie s maksimal'noi fazoi 0,64 (vidimost' v Antarktide i Yuzhnoi Amerike), a Venera proidet v 0,2 gr. yuzhnee Yupitera. 1 maya Luna (F= 0,0) okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity i proidet yuzhnee Urana (pokrytie ne vidno iz-za blizosti k Solncu). V konce nedeli Merkurii i kometa PANSTARRS (C/2021 O3) budut nahodit'sya bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady (M45). Na utrennem nebe nablyudaetsya parad planet, kotoryi luchshe vsego viden v yuzhnyh shirotah.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 49 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 15 chasov 20 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya do 31,75 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 30 aprelya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Kozeroga, Vodoleya, Ryb, Ovna i Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,35- do 0,0 uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Kozeroga. Zdes' Luna proidet yuzhnee Marsa pri faze okolo 0,25- 25 aprelya. 27 aprelya stareyushii serp Luny (F= 0,14-) budet nablyudat'sya na utrennem nebe yuzhnee Venery, Yupitera, i Neptuna, pereidya v etot zhe den' v sozvezdie Ryb pri faze 0,12-. 28 aprelya Luna (F= 0,08-) peresechet granicu s sozvezdiem Kita i v etot zhe den' snova pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb uzhe pri faze 0,04-. 30 aprelya samyi tonkii lunnyi serp (F= 0,01-) dostignet sozvezdiya Ovna i zakonchit zdes' put' po aprel'skomu nebu pri faze novoluniya. V eto novolunie proizoidet chastnoe solnechnoe zatmenie s maksimal'noi fazoi 0,64, kotoroe budet nablyudat'sya v Antarktide i Yuzhnoi Amerike. V pervyi den' maya Luna proidet yuzhnee Urana pri faze 0,0+, pokryv planetu (polosa pokrytiya proidet po Avstralii i akvatorii Indiiskogo i Tihogo okeanov). V sozvezdie Tel'ca tonkii lunnyi serp vstupit 1 maya, a na sleduyushii den' proidet yuzhnee Pleyad i Merkuriya pri faze okolo 0,03+. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Venera, Mars, Yupiter, Saturn i Neptun nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe, Merkurii mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari, a Uran zakonchil vechernyuyu vidimost'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v pechatnoi versii v AK_2022 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1769488. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet (naibolee dostupnyh dlya lyubitelei astronomii) hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2019 L3) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Bliznecov pri bleske slabee 11m, a kometa P/Borrelly (19P) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego pri bleske slabee 10m. Yarkuyu kometu PANSTARRS (C/2021 O3) mozhno popytat'sya naiti v sozvezdiyah Ovna i Tel'ca. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na aprel', KN na mai, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2022 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (7,6m) v sozvezdii Kozeroga.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna, 25 aprelya perehodya v sozvezdie Tel'ca. Merkurii viden na fone vechernei zari, postepenno sblizhayas' s Pleyadami. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot 0m do +0,6m, a uglovye razmery sostavlyayut dostigayut 8,5 sekund dugi. Faza umen'shaetsya ot 0,5 do 0,3. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' krohotnyi poludisk bez detalei, perehodyashii v serp. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,96 do 0,79 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2022 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2022 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2022.html
Venera. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya, 27 aprelya perehodya v sozvezdie Ryb. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari (uchastvuya v parade planet) v vide yarkoi zvezdy pri elongacii okolo 43 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery sostavlyaet okolo 17 uglovyh sekund, a blesk priderzhivaetsya znacheniya -4m pri faze okolo 0,65. V teleskop nablyudaetsya yarkii oval bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,95 do 1,0 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2022.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Mars viden na fone utrennei zari, uchastvuya v parade planet. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,8m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 6 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk prakticheski bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,66 do 1,62 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2022.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb, uchastvuya v parade planet. Yupiter mozhno nablyudat' na fone utrennei zari (luchshe vsego viden v yuzhnyh shirotah). Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 35 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,72 - 5,65 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop v periody horoshei vidimosti mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na aprel' i KN na mai. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2022.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Saturn nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, uchastvuya v parade planet. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,8m, a uglovoi diametr - bolee 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 10,18 do 10,07 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2022.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna). Uran zakonchil vechernyuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom sostavlyaet okolo 20,71 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2022.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya levee zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m), v konce nedeli perehodya v sozvezdie Ryb. Neptun mozhno naiti v binokl' na utrennem nebe (bliz Yupitera), a luchshe vsego ego nablyudat' v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,68 do 30,60 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2022.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
26 Apr 2022 5h24m34.53s N25 52' 58.6" 2.632 3.219 8.9 46.6 57.57 82.9 Tau
1 May 2022 5h33m09.67s N26 06' 49.2" 2.628 3.262 8.9 43.7 58.64 83.9 Tau
Pallada (2)
26 Apr 2022 2h04m14.58s S 3 06' 42.9" 2.663 3.612 9.5 16.6 64.11 80.6 Cet
1 May 2022 2h12m41.64s S 2 46' 32.2" 2.651 3.588 9.6 18.3 64.63 81.3 Cet
Vesta (4)
26 Apr 2022 21h31m26.80s S15 57' 11.2" 2.192 2.218 7.6 75.4 59.18 78.2 Cap
1 May 2022 21h39m13.28s S15 33' 27.4" 2.195 2.164 7.6 78.4 56.97 78.3 Cap
Flora (8)
26 Apr 2022 13h23m18.01s N 1 31' 30.2" 2.536 1.565 9.9 160.8 36.74 285.9 Vir
1 May 2022 13h18m51.38s N 1 49' 18.7" 2.538 1.587 10.0 155.4 33.48 283.4 Vir
Gigeiya (10)
26 Apr 2022 14h19m29.79s S19 39' 52.6" 2.805 1.803 9.2 173.5 30.07 290.0 Vir
1 May 2022 14h15m33.26s S19 17' 49.9" 2.803 1.799 9.2 174.2 30.40 291.5 Vir
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2022 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya i maya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na aprel', KN na mai, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2022 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
25 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, utro - Parad yarkih planet na fone utrennei zari (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah).
26 aprelya, utro - Luna (F= 0,25-) prohodit yuzhnee Marsa.
27 aprelya, utro - Luna (F= 0,14-) prohodit yuzhnee Venery, Yupitera i Neptuna.
28 aprelya, noch' - Asteroid Gigeiya (10) v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
29 aprelya, 07 chasov 59 minut - Merkurii v maksimal'noi vostochnoi (vechernei) elongacii 20 gradusov.
30 aprelya, 18 chasov 45 minut - Nachalo chastnogo solnechnogo zatmeniya, vidimogo v Antarktide i Yuzhnoi Amerike (F= 0,64).
30 aprelya, 20 chasov 29 minut - Novolunie.
01 maya, 19 chasov 53 minuty - Luna (F= 0,0) v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 28 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 28 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 28 aprelya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 04 i 05 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO i http://blog.astronomypage.ru (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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