Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 19 po 25 iyunya 2023 goda16.06.2023 14:24 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 21 iyunya nastupit letnee solncestoyanie. Solnce v etot den' (podnimayas' k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora) kak by zamiraet v verhnei tochke maksimal'nogo skloneniya (+23,5 gradusa), a zatem nachinaet opuskat'sya k yugu (postepenno sblizhayas' s nebesnym ekvatorom, peresechenie kotorogo v etom godu proizoidet 23 sentyabrya). Prodolzhitel'nost' svetlogo vremeni v severnom polusharii Zemli 21 iyunya naibol'shaya za ves' god, a prodolzhitel'nost' nochi - minimal'na. Na shirote Moskvy poludennaya vysota Solnca dostigaet znacheniya 57 gradusov. Na shirote S._Peterburga nastupayut belye nochi, a severnee 66 shiroty idet polyarnyi den'. Dostatochno blagopriyatnye usloviya dlya nablyudeniya zvezdnogo neba ostayutsya lish' v yuzhnyh shirotah strany. Dlya srednih shirot glubokoe zvezdnoe nebo otkroetsya lish' k koncu iyulya. 21 iyunya Luna (F= 0,1+) proidet severnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 22 iyunya Luna (F= 0,14+) proidet severnee Venery, a pri faze 0,16+ - severnee Marsa. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,19+) dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405385 km ot centra Zemli, a 23 iyunya pri faze 0,23+ proidet severnee Regula. Krome etogo, ves' mesyac imeetsya vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na fone vechernei i utrennei zari.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 57 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote sostavlyaet okolo 17 chasov 30 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya ot 31,49 do 31,47 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca, 21 iyunya perehodya v sozvezdie Bliznecov. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 26 iyunya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Bliznecov, Raka, L'va i Devy, izmenyaya fazu ot 0 do 0,47+ i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Bliznecov. 20 iyunya rastushii serp (F= 0,06+) pereidet v sozvezdie Raka, gde na sleduyushii den' (F= 0,1+) proidet severnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 22 iyunya Luna (F= 0,14+) proidet severnee Venery, a zatem vstupit v sozvezdie L'va, gde pri faze 0,16+ proidet severnee Marsa. 23 iyunya lunnyi serp (F= 0,23+) proidet severnee Regula, a zatem ustremitsya k sozvezdiyu Devy, v kotoroe voidet 25 iyunya pri faze 0,41+. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii, Yupiter i Uran nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah strany), Veneru i Mars mozhno nablyudat' po vecheram, a Saturn i Neptun noch'yu i utrom. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2023 god. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Lemmon (C/2021 T4) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Kita pri bleske okolo 10m, a kometa ZTF (C/2020 V2) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Ovna pri bleske okolo 11m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyun', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2023 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Cerera (8,4m) v sozvezdii Devy i Vesta (8,4m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Merkurii zakanchivaet utrennyuyu vidimost'. Elongaciya bystroi planety za nedelyu umen'shaetsya ot 14 do 6 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya uvelichivaetsya ot -0,9m do -1,6m, vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 5 sekund dugi, a faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,8 do 0,97. V teleskop viden nebol'shoi oval. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,20 do 1,30 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2023 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2023 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2023.html
Venera. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Raka bliz Marsa. Venera vidna na vechernem nebe v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 43 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya do 31 uglovoi sekundy, a blesk imeet znachenie -4,4m pri faze okolo 0,4. V teleskop viden serp planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,59 do 0,54 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2023.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Raka, 20 iyunya perehodya v sozvezdie L'va. Mars viden v vechernee vremya levee Venery. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,7m, a vidimyi diametr okolo 4 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden nebol'shoi disk s krupnymi detalyami na poverhnosti planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 2,13 do 2,18 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2023.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Yupiter viden na utrennem nebe. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 36 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,54 - 5,46 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop (v period vidimosti) mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyun'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2023.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn imeet utrennyuyu i nochnuyu vidimost'. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,8m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 18 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 9,39 do 9,29 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2023.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Uran viden na utrennem nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya ot 20,45 do 20,38 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planetu mozhno nablyudat' vblizi protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2023.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun viden na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,89 do 29,78 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2023.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya u granicy sozvezdii Strel'ca i Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 21 Jun 2023 12h14m02.77s N 9 07' 37.2" 2.614 2.400 8.5 90.5 37.99 131.5 Vir 26 Jun 2023 12h18m03.76s N 8 16' 46.4" 2.617 2.465 8.5 87.0 40.48 129.6 Vir Pallada (2) 21 Jun 2023 9h25m35.21s N 8 47' 27.4" 2.213 2.686 9.1 52.1 72.13 87.3 Leo 26 Jun 2023 9h35m16.09s N 8 52' 34.9" 2.220 2.740 9.1 49.5 72.14 88.7 Leo Yunona (3) 21 Jun 2023 5h55m11.81s N14 50' 49.5" 2.045 3.044 9.6 8.6 85.72 88.8 Ori 26 Jun 2023 6h06m55.89s N14 52' 36.9" 2.052 3.050 9.6 8.8 85.24 89.9 Ori Vesta (4) 21 Jun 2023 3h50m52.39s N15 31' 24.3" 2.543 3.367 8.4 30.5 63.31 77.2 Tau 26 Jun 2023 3h59m21.23s N15 58' 16.8" 2.546 3.336 8.4 33.1 62.63 78.0 Tau Flora (8) 21 Jun 2023 22h39m06.92s S11 32' 08.5" 2.123 1.520 10.0 112.1 30.04 86.4 Aqr 26 Jun 2023 22h42m58.70s S11 30' 13.7" 2.113 1.461 9.9 115.9 25.89 90.7 Aqr Partenopa (11) 21 Jun 2023 16h44m09.83s S16 24' 52.4" 2.321 1.334 9.6 161.7 32.83 266.7 Oph 26 Jun 2023 16h39m57.50s S16 29' 53.5" 2.316 1.349 9.7 156.3 29.37 264.4 Oph Evnomiya (15) 21 Jun 2023 19h23m48.90s S25 43' 33.2" 2.727 1.750 9.2 159.9 30.81 277.4 Sgr 26 Jun 2023 19h19m10.45s S25 34' 57.0" 2.718 1.721 9.0 165.6 33.85 277.7 Sgr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2023 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyunya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyun', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2023 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
19 iyunya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na fone vechernei i utrennei zari.
20 iyunya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Venera bliz Marsa.
21 iyunya, 14 chasov 58 minuty - Letnee solncestoyanie.
22 iyunya, 18 chasov 30 minut - Luna (F= 0,19+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405385 km ot centra Zemli.
23 iyunya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,23+) prohodit severnee Regula.
24 iyunya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Flora bliz Saturna.
25 iyunya i vsyu nedelyu, utro - Uran bliz Yupitera.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 22 iyunya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 22 iyunya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 22 iyunya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 06 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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