Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 18 po 24 sentyabrya 2023 goda14.09.2023 10:41 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 19 sentyabrya Neptun vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem, a 21 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,35+) proidet severnee Antaresa (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Primor'e i na Sahaline). 22 sentyabrya Merkurii dostignet v maksimal'noi zapadnoi (utrennei) elongacii 18 gradusov. 23 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,53+) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a takzhe nastupit osennee ravnodenstvie. V etot den' v 06 chasov 50 minut po vsemirnomu vremeni Solnce, dvigayas' po ekliptike (v sozvezdii Devy), dostignet tochki nebesnoi sfery s koordinatami 12 chasov po pryamomu voshozhdeniyu i 0 gradusov po skloneniyu, peresechet nebesnyi ekvator i pereidet iz severnogo polushariya neba v yuzhnoe. V den' osennego ravnodenstviya Solnce na vsei Zemle voshodit tochno na vostoke, a zahodit tochno na zapade (den' stanovitsya raven nochi). Nastupaet astronomicheskaya osen' v severnom polusharii Zemli i vesna - v yuzhnom. Na polyusah Zemli Solnce matematicheski dvizhetsya tochno po gorizontu v techenie sutok, hotya blagodarya refrakcii, pripodnimayushei vse svetila nad gorizontom, fakticheski ono dvizhetsya vyshe gorizonta na velichinu refrakcii - okolo polgradusa. Po etoi zhe prichine vo vremya osennego (kak i vesennego) ravnodenstviya den' vse-taki nemnogo dlinnee nochi. Posle dnya osennego ravnodenstviya poludennaya vysota Solnca budet umen'shat'sya vplot' do dnya zimnego solncestoyaniya, preodolev chetvert' svoego puti po zodiakal'nym sozvezdiyam i po orbite vokrug Solnca. Krome etogo, kometa Nishimura (C/2023 P1) imeet maksimal'nyi blesk 3m, nahodyas' v sozvezdii Devy.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shitsya do 34 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 12 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya ot 31,83 do 31,89 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Devy. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 22 sentyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Devy, Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca, Strel'ca i Kozeroga, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,08+ do 0,73+ i umen'shaya (s 23 sentyabrya - uvelichivaya) sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Devy. 18 sentyabrya pri faze 0,14+ Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Vesov. 20 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,27+) vstupit v sozvezdie Skorpiona. 21 sentyabrya nochnoe svetilo proidet severnee Antaresa pri faze 0,35+ (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Primor'e i na Sahaline), v etot zhe den' pri faze 0,39+ vstupiv v sozvezdie Zmeenosca. 22 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,48+) pereidet v sozvezdie Strel'ca, gde primet v etot den' fazu pervoi chetverti. 24 sentyabrya Luna pri faze 0,73+ pereidet v sozvezdie Kozeroga. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Venera vidny na utrennem nebe, Mars mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari v yuzhnyh shirotah strany, a Yupiter, Saturn, Uran i Neptun nablyudayutsya v nochnoe vremya. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Nishimura (C/2023 P1) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Devy pri maksimal'nom bleske okolo 3m. Kometa P/Hartley (103P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego s bleskom okolo 8m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr' - dekabr' 2023 goda i na yanvar' 2024 goda, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (8m) v sozvezdii Oriona.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu L'va. Merkurii viden na utrennem nebe. Elongaciya bystroi planety dostigaet maksimal'noi 22 sentyabrya (18 gradusov) k zapadu ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya uvelichivaetsya do -0,6m, vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya do 7 sekund dugi, a faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,28 do 0,6. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,82 do 1,02 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2023 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2023 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2023.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Raka. Venera nablyudaetsya na fone utrennei zari yuzhnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya M44 (Yasli). Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya ot 39 do 42 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 39 do 35 uglovyh sekund, a blesk imeet znachenie -4,5m pri faze okolo 0,3. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,43 do 0,48 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2023.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Devy (bliz Spiki). Mars viden na fone vechernei zari (luchshie usloviya nablyudenii - v yuzhnyh shirotah strany). Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,6m, a vidimyi diametr - menee 4 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden krohotnyi disk prakticheski bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 2,52 do 2,53 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2023.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Yupiter viden na nochnom nebe. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 47 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -2,7m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,27 - 4,19 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop (v period vidimosti) mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr' - dekabr' 2023 goda i na yanvar' 2024 goda. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2023.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn viden vsyu noch'. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 19 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 8,83 do 8,88 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2023.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Uran viden na nochnom nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya ot 19,08 do 18,98 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planetu mozhno nablyudat' vblizi protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2023.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun viden na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 28,90 do 28,91 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2023.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya u granicy sozvezdii Strel'ca i Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 21 Sep 2023 14h05m48.77s S 7 33' 52.3" 2.678 3.441 8.9 34.8 62.41 114.8 Vir 26 Sep 2023 14h13m26.61s S 8 25' 47.5" 2.682 3.480 8.9 32.0 62.86 114.1 Vir Pallada (2) 21 Sep 2023 12h20m44.32s N 4 21' 04.4" 2.385 3.374 9.0 8.2 70.64 99.8 Vir 26 Sep 2023 12h29m58.89s N 3 57' 15.9" 2.396 3.387 9.0 7.2 70.42 99.7 Vir Yunona (3) 21 Sep 2023 9h11m37.18s N 8 16' 15.1" 2.230 2.901 10.1 40.2 70.61 105.6 Cnc 26 Sep 2023 9h20m38.27s N 7 37' 52.3" 2.243 2.874 10.1 42.7 69.26 106.2 Cnc Vesta (4) 21 Sep 2023 6h06m09.18s N19 04' 07.0" 2.571 2.438 8.1 86.0 35.96 90.1 Ori 26 Sep 2023 6h11m01.23s N19 03' 25.5" 2.572 2.373 8.0 89.7 32.86 90.5 Ori Flora (8) 21 Sep 2023 22h13m09.82s S20 28' 00.2" 1.966 1.034 8.7 149.3 23.86 248.8 Aqr 26 Sep 2023 22h10m31.60s S20 42' 04.2" 1.958 1.057 8.8 143.9 17.32 253.5 Aqr Evnomiya (15) 21 Sep 2023 18h39m44.04s S20 52' 49.2" 2.546 2.142 9.9 101.8 23.92 69.2 Sgr 26 Sep 2023 18h43m13.13s S20 36' 11.1" 2.536 2.197 10.0 97.8 27.84 72.1 Sgr Mel'pomena (18) 21 Sep 2023 3h19m24.37s N 3 16' 13.3" 1.795 0.996 8.8 127.6 30.70 139.1 Cet 26 Sep 2023 3h21m45.20s N 2 27' 50.8" 1.797 0.966 8.7 131.7 28.19 152.6 Cet Amfitrita (29) 21 Sep 2023 0h38m16.64s N 5 54' 11.2" 2.434 1.447 9.0 166.2 34.39 260.1 Psc 26 Sep 2023 0h33m43.31s N 5 41' 19.5" 2.431 1.434 8.9 172.1 36.40 259.1 Psc a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2023 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii sentyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr' - dekabr' 2023 goda i na yanvar' 2024 goda, Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
18 sentyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Kometa Nishimura (C/2023 P1) pri maksimal'nom bleske okolo 3m nahoditsya v sozvezdii Devy.
19 sentyabrya, 09 chasov 55 minut - Neptun v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
20 sentyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, utro - Venera bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
21 sentyabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,35+) prohodit severnee Antaresa (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Primor'e i na Sahaline).
22 sentyabrya, 19 chasov 31 minuta - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
23 sentyabrya, 06 chasov 50 minut - Osennee ravnodenstvie.
24 sentyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Yupiter bliz Urana.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 21 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 21 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 21 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 09 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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