Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 18 po 24 dekabrya 2023 goda11.12.2023 9:29 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 18 dekabrya asteroid Fides (37) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem, a 19 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,47+) proidet yuzhnee Neptuna (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Antarktide). 20 dekabrya Merkurii proidet perigelii svoei obrity, a 21 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,70+) okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity. 22 dekabrya Vesta (4) i Metida (9) vstupyat v protivostoyanie s Solncem, Luna (F= 0,79+) proidet severnee Yupitera, a Merkurii dostignet nizhnego soedineniya s Solncem. V etot zhe den' nastupit zimnee solncestoyanie. V severnom polusharii Zemli v etot den' budet samaya dlinnaya noch' i samyi korotkii den', a v yuzhnom - naoborot. Severnee 66,5 gradusov severnoi shiroty idet polyarnaya noch', a yuzhnee 66,5 gradusov yuzhnoi shiroty - polyarnyi den'. Solnce dostigaet minimal'nogo otricatel'nogo skloneniya 23,5 gradusa, nachinaya svoi put' po ekliptike k severu. Cherez tri mesyaca Solnce peresechet nebesnyi ekvator (vesennee ravnodenstvie), a cherez polgoda dostignet svoei verhnei tochki ekliptiki (letnee solnce stoyanie), posle chego opyat' nachnet opuskat'sya k yugu. 23 dekabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Ursidy (ZHR= 10) iz sozvezdiya Maloi Medvedicy, a Luna (F= 0,86+) proidet severnee Urana. 24 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,93+) budet nablyudat'sya bliz Pleyad i Giad (pokrytie zvezd Pleyad pri vidimosti v yuzhnoi chasti Tihogo okeana).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - 7 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya ot 32,50 do 32,52 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 19 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Vodoleya, Ryb, Ovna i Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,3+ do 0,95+ i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Vodoleya. 19 dekabrya pri faze 0,47+ Luna proidet yuzhnee Neptuna (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Antarktide). V etot zhe den' nochnoe svetilo primet fazu pervoi chetverti, a zatem pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb pri faze 0,51+. 20 dekabrya pri faze okolo 0,6+ lunnyi oval pobyvaet v sozvezdii Kita, vnov' pereidya v sozvezdie Ryb pri faze 0,61+. 22 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,74+) vstupit v sozvezdie Ovna, gde v etot den' pri faze 0,79+ proidet severnee Yupitera. 23 dekabrya pri faze 0,86+ nochnoe svetilo proidet severnee Urana, a 24 dekabrya (F= 0,9+) pereidet v sozvezdie Tel'ca, gde v etot den' budet nablyudat'sya bliz Pleyad i Giad pri faze okolo 0,93+. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii zakanchivaet vechernyuyu vidimost', Venera nablyudaetsya na utrennem nebe v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy, Mars nachinaet utrennyuyu vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah, Yupiter i Uran nablyudayutsya v nochnoe vremya, a Saturn i Neptun - po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Pons-Brooks (12P) s bleskom okolo 8m nahoditsya bliz Vegi. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (okolo 6,5 m) v sozvezdii Oriona.
Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Merkurii zakanchivaet vechernyuyu vidimost' i prohodit nizhnee soedinenie s Solncem 22 dekabrya. Uglovoe rasstoyanie bystroi planety k soedineniyu do 3 gradusov. Blesk Merkuriya umen'shaetsya ot +2m do +3,6m, vidimyi diametr uvelichivaetsya ot 9 do 10 sekund dugi, a faza umen'shaetsya ot 0,1 do 0. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,72 do 0,68 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2023 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2023 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2023.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov. Venera nablyudaetsya na utrennem nebe v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 39 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 15 uglovyh sekund. Blesk Venery imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze okolo 0,75. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,09 do 1,14 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2023.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca. Mars nachinaet utrennyuyu vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,3m, a vidimyi diametr - menee 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,46 do 2,44 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2023.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Yupiter viden na nochnom nebe. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 45 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,6m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,29 - 4,38 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop (v period vidimosti) mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2023.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' po vecheram. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,9m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,09 do 10,20 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2023.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Uran viden na nochnom nebe okolo protivostoyaniya s Solncem. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 18,81 do 18,89 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planetu mozhno nablyudat' vblizi protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2023.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun mozhno nablyudat' vecherom i noch'yu. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 29,90 do 30,02 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2023.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya u granicy sozvezdii Strel'ca i Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 21 Dec 2023 16h37m14.85s S19 50' 34.1" 2.751 3.670 8.9 18.1 62.85 101.6 Oph 26 Dec 2023 16h45m55.10s S20 14' 50.9" 2.755 3.650 8.9 21.0 62.34 100.8 Oph Pallada (2) 21 Dec 2023 15h02m21.06s N 0 38' 27.9" 2.599 3.152 9.6 48.0 61.84 85.7 Vir 26 Dec 2023 15h10m28.06s N 0 49' 24.1" 2.612 3.115 9.6 51.1 60.89 84.0 Vir Yunona (3) 21 Dec 2023 11h12m11.70s S 1 30' 43.3" 2.475 2.124 9.8 98.9 23.98 104.6 Leo 26 Dec 2023 11h15m02.66s S 1 40' 42.2" 2.489 2.072 9.8 103.2 19.40 101.7 Leo Vesta (4) 21 Dec 2023 5h57m54.92s N20 30' 34.4" 2.566 1.583 6.4 176.9 40.93 279.1 Ori 26 Dec 2023 5h52m16.59s N20 43' 36.5" 2.565 1.585 6.5 174.0 40.58 279.2 Ori Astreya (5) 21 Dec 2023 6h29m51.51s N16 05' 30.3" 2.206 1.233 9.4 168.7 35.70 278.1 Gem 26 Dec 2023 6h24m57.58s N16 16' 46.2" 2.199 1.220 9.3 172.6 37.50 279.5 Ori Metida (9) 21 Dec 2023 6h04m29.53s N27 11' 50.0" 2.101 1.119 8.4 175.5 40.35 283.1 Gem 26 Dec 2023 5h58m45.33s N27 29' 01.0" 2.103 1.122 8.4 174.4 39.80 281.4 Tau Mel'pomena (18) 21 Dec 2023 2h46m25.06s S 2 03' 49.3" 1.889 1.118 9.1 127.9 24.55 15.4 Eri 26 Dec 2023 2h47m46.92s S 1 14' 24.1" 1.898 1.166 9.3 123.8 28.63 26.2 Eri Fides (37) 21 Dec 2023 5h39m45.36s N28 49' 31.8" 2.195 1.214 9.7 173.8 35.72 268.2 Aur 26 Dec 2023 5h34m34.79s N28 46' 15.4" 2.198 1.224 9.8 169.3 34.10 266.0 Aur a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2023 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
18 dekabrya, noch' - Asteroid Fides (37) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem.
19 dekabrya, 18 chasov 39 minut - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
20 dekabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P) bliz Vegi.
21 dekabrya, 13 chasov 53 minuty - Luna (F= 0,70+) v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
22 dekabrya, 03 chasa 28 minut - Zimnee solncestoyanie.
23 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,83+) bliz Yupitera i Urana.
24 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,9+) bliz Pleyad i Giad (pokrytie zvezd Pleyad pri vidimosti v yuzhnoi chasti Tihogo okeana).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 12 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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