Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 1 po 7 yanvarya 2024 goda22.12.2023 6:19 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
S novym godom! Zhelaem vam v novom godu yasnogo neba, uspeshnyh nablyudenii i novyh znanii o vselennoi!
Novogodnyaya zagadka dlya znatokov astronomii. Kakoe astronomicheskoe yavlenie proishodit ezhegodno v mestnuyu novogodnyuyu polnoch'?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 1 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,72-) dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404911 km ot centra Zemli, a 2 yanvarya Merkurii proidet tochku stoyaniya s perehodom k pryamomu dvizheniyu. 3 yanvarya Zemlya proidet perigelii svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 0,9833070 a.e. ot Solnca, a 4 yanvarya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Kvadrantidy (ZHR= 120) iz sozvezdiya Volopasa. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,44-) okazhetsya v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity, a 5 yanvarya pri faze 0,42- proidet severnee Spiki.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya ot 11 do 12 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 7 chasov 20 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 32,53 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 4 yanvarya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya L'va, Devy, Vesov i Skorpiona, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,77- do 0,15- i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii L'va. 2 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,66-) pereidet v sozvezdie Devy. Zdes' 4 yanvarya Luna primet fazu poslednei chetveri. 5 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,42-) proidet severnee Spiki, a 6 yanvarya pri faze 0,3- pereidet v sozvezdie Vesov. 7 yanvarya lunnyi serp pri faze 0,16- dostignet sozvezdiya Skorpiona. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii, Venera i Mars nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe, Yupiter i Uran nablyudayutsya v nochnoe vremya, a Saturn i Neptun - po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Pons-Brooks (12P) s bleskom okolo 8m nahoditsya bliz Vegi, a kometa P/Tsuchinshan (62P) bliz beta L'va s bleskom okolo 7m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (slabee 6,5m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta dvizhetsya popyatno (2 yanvarya menyaya dvizhenie na pryamoe) po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca. Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari (luchshe vsego v yuzhnyh shirotah strany). Uglovoe rasstoyanie bystroi planety k koncu nedeli uvelichivaetsya ot 18 do 23 gradusov. Blesk Merkuriya uvelichivaetsya ot +0,6m do -0,1m, vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya ot 9 do 7 sekund dugi, a faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,27 do 0,52. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,78 do 0,92 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2024 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Skorpiona, 5 yanvarya perehodya v sozvezdie Zmeenosca. Venera nablyudaetsya na utrennem nebe v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 36 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 14 uglovyh sekund. Blesk Venery imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze okolo 0,8. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,18 do 1,22 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Mars viden na fone utrennei zari (luchshe vsego v yuzhnyh shirotah strany). Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,3m, a vidimyi diametr - menee 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,42 do 2,40 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Yupiter viden na nochnom nebe. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 43 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,48 - 4,59 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop (v period vidimosti) mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' po vecheram. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,9m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,29 do 10,38 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Uran viden na nochnom nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 18,98 do 19,07 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planetu mozhno nablyudat' vblizi protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun mozhno nablyudat' po vecheram. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 30,14 do 30,26 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya u granicy sozvezdii Strel'ca i Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
1 Jan 2024 16h56m17.08s S20 41' 31.6" 2.760 3.623 8.9 24.7 61.67 99.9 Oph
6 Jan 2024 17h04m52.63s S21 01' 44.2" 2.764 3.597 9.0 27.7 61.04 99.2 Oph
Pallada (2)
1 Jan 2024 15h20m00.31s N 1 07' 07.5" 2.626 3.067 9.6 54.8 59.68 81.8 Ser
6 Jan 2024 15h27m45.87s N 1 25' 53.3" 2.638 3.026 9.6 57.9 58.60 79.8 Ser
Yunona (3)
1 Jan 2024 11h17m42.32s S 1 46' 50.4" 2.505 2.012 9.7 108.6 13.67 94.9 Leo
6 Jan 2024 11h19m15.28s S 1 46' 41.0" 2.519 1.962 9.6 113.3 8.98 81.5 Leo
Vesta (4)
1 Jan 2024 5h45m41.73s N20 59' 12.5" 2.563 1.596 6.6 166.7 38.59 279.5 Tau
6 Jan 2024 5h40m33.12s N21 12' 04.4" 2.562 1.614 6.7 160.5 35.74 280.1 Tau
Astreya (5)
1 Jan 2024 6h18m55.43s N16 33' 06.4" 2.190 1.213 9.3 171.5 37.85 281.2 Ori
6 Jan 2024 6h13m58.92s N16 48' 46.8" 2.183 1.214 9.4 166.8 36.58 282.9 Ori
Metida (9)
1 Jan 2024 5h52m05.55s N27 46' 18.6" 2.105 1.134 8.6 167.7 37.13 279.7 Tau
6 Jan 2024 5h46m58.83s N27 57' 53.4" 2.108 1.151 8.8 161.7 33.38 278.5 Tau
Mel'pomena (18)
1 Jan 2024 2h50m26.55s S 0 10' 28.6" 1.909 1.226 9.4 119.1 33.76 35.4 Cet
6 Jan 2024 2h53m27.96s N 0 45' 42.9" 1.919 1.279 9.5 115.4 37.98 41.1 Cet
Eleonora (354)
1 Jan 2024 8h07m46.62s N 6 40' 16.7" 2.534 1.615 10.0 153.7 31.10 301.6 Cnc
6 Jan 2024 8h04m06.05s N 7 15' 31.2" 2.531 1.589 9.9 159.0 35.26 302.6 Cnc
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2024 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii yanvarya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
01 yanvarya, 15 chasov 28 minut - Luna (F= 0,72-) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404911 km ot centra Zemli.
02 yanvarya, utro - Merkurii v stoyanii s perehodom k pryamomu dvizheniyu.
03 yanvarya, 00 chasov 39 minut - Zemlya v perigelii svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 0,9833070 a.e. ot Solnca.
04 yanvarya, 03 chasa 30 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
05 yanvarya, utro - Luna (F= 0,42-) prohodit severnee Spiki.
06 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P) bliz Vegi.
07 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa P/Tsuchinshan (62P) bliz zvezdy beta L'va.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba na nuzhnyi den' nedeli i na nuzhnoe vremya dlya vashego punkta nablyudeniya mozhno poluchit' pri pomoshi karty neba na Astronet
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 01 - 2024 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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