Poyasnenie: V 46 godu do nashei ery Yulii Cezar' osushestvil reformu kalendarya. Po sovetu astronoma Sozigena iz Aleksandrii v Yulianskom kalendare kazhdye chetyre goda dobavlyalsya visokosnyi den', chtoby uchest', chto god na Zemle prodolzhaetsya nemnogo bol'she 365 dnei. Vremya, za kotoroe nasha planeta sovershaet odin oborot vokrug Solnca – 365.24219 srednih solnechnyh dnei. Tak chto esli v kalendarnom godu rovno 365 dnei, on budet smeshat'sya otnositel'no goda planety Zemlya na 1 den' za kazhdye 4 goda, v rezul'tate mesyac iyul' (nazvannyi v chest' Yuliya Cezarya) cherez nekotoroe vremya budet prihodit'sya na zimu v severnom polusharii. No esli vvesti visokosnyi god s dopolnitel'nym dnem cherez kazhdye chetyre goda, to dlya Yulianskogo kalendarya eto smeshenie stanet znachitel'no men'she. V 1582 godu papa Grigorii XIII utochnil kalendar', ustanoviv, chto visokosnymi ne dolzhny stanovit'sya goda, okanchivayushiesya na 00, esli tol'ko oni ne delyatsya na 400. Etot Grigorianskii kalendar' seichas yavlyaetsya naibolee rasprostranennym. Iz-za prilivnogo treniya v sisteme Zemlya-Luna vrashenie Zemli zamedlyaetsya, i den' udlinyaetsya na 14 millisekund za stoletie. Eto oznachaet, chto vvedenie visokosnyh dnei ne ponadobitsya primerno cherez 4 milliona let. Na kartinke – rimskaya serebryanaya moneta dinarii s izobrazheniyami Yuliya Cezarya (sleva) i Venery, rimskoi bogini lyubvi.

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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (USRA)
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami: kalendar' - god, visokosnyi - Leap Days Publikacii so slovami: kalendar' - god, visokosnyi - Leap Days
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