Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 18 po 24 marta 2024 goda11.03.2024 10:27 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Vopros nedeli. Kazhdyi li god vneshnie planety vstupayut v protivostoyanie s Solncem?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 18 marta budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya yuzhnaya libraciya Luny po shirote 6,8 gr., a 19 marta Venera dostignet afeliya svoei orbity. 20 marta nastupit vesennee ravnodenstvie V etot den' v 03 chasa 07 minut po vsemirnomu vremeni Solnce, dvigayas' po ekliptike (v sozvezdii Ryb), dostignet tochki nebesnoi sfery s koordinatami 0 chasov po pryamomu voshozhdeniyu i 0 gradusov po skloneniyu, peresechet nebesnyi ekvator i pereidet iz yuzhnogo polushariya neba v severnoe. V den' vesennego ravnodenstviya Solnce na vsei Zemle voshodit tochno na vostoke, a zahodit tochno na zapade (den' stanovitsya raven nochi). Nastupaet astronomicheskaya vesna v severnom polusharii Zemli i osen' - v yuzhnom. Na polyusah Zemli Solnce matematicheski dvizhetsya tochno po gorizontu v techenie sutok, hotya blagodarya refrakcii, pripodnimayushei vse svetila nad gorizontom, fakticheski ono dvizhetsya vyshe gorizonta na velichinu refrakcii - okolo polgradusa. Po etoi zhe prichine vo vremya vesennego (kak i osennego) ravnodenstviya den' vse-taki nemnogo dlinnee nochi. Posle dnya vesennego ravnodenstviya poludennaya vysota Solnca budet uvelichivat'sya vplot' do dnya letnego solncestoyaniya, preodolev chetvert' svoego puti po zodiakal'nym sozvezdiyam i po orbite vokrug Solnca. 20 marta Luna (F= 0,8+) proidet severnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 21 marta Venera proidet v 0,3 gr. severnee Saturna. 22 marta kometa PANSTARRS (C/2021 S3) sblizitsya so zvezdoi dzeta Orla do 24 uglovyh minut, a Luna (F= 0,92+) proidet severnee Regula. 23 marta Luna (F= 0,98+) dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406292 km ot centra Zemli. 24 marta asteroid Thalia (23) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem, a Merkurii dostignet maksimal'noi vostochnoi (vechernei) elongacii 19 gradusov. Krome etogo, v teleskop mozhno nablyudat' dostatochno yarkie komety: PANSTARRS (C/2021 S3) i P/Pons-Brooks (12P) (dostigaet poroga vidimosti nevooruzhennym glazom).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya ot 33 do 36 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 12 chasov 35 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya ot 32,14 do 32,08 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 25 marta. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Bliznecov, Raka, L'va i Devy, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,58+ do 0,99+ i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Bliznecov. Zdes' lunnyi oval probudet do 19 marta. V etot den' Luna (F= 0,73+) vstupit v sozvezdie Raka, gde 20 marta pri faze 0,8+ proidet severnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 21 marta Luna (F= 0,86+) pereidet v sozvezdie L'va, gde 22 marta pri faze 0,92+ proidet severnee Regula. 24 marta nochnoe svetilo (F= 0,99+) pereidet v sozvezdie Devy, gde 25 marta primet fazu polnoluniya (nablyudayas' vsyu noch'). V eto polnolunie proizoidet polutenevoe lunnoe zatmenie, vidimoe na vostoke strany. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii mozhno nablyudat' na vechernem nebe, Venera, Mars i Saturn nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah), Neptun ne viden, a Yupiter i Uran nablyudayutsya po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Pons-Brooks (12P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Ryb pri bleske 6m (dostigaet poroga vidimosti nevooruzhennym glazom), a kometa PANSTARRS (C/2021 S3) peremeshaetsya k severu po sozvezdiyu Orla pri bleske 8m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (okolo 8m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Merkurii dostupen dlya nablyudenii na fone vechernei zari. Uglovoe rasstoyanie bystroi planety uvelichivaetsya k koncu nedeli ot 16 do 19 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. V konce nedeli Merkurii dostignet maksimal'noi vostochnoi elongacii. Blesk Merkuriya umen'shaetsya ot -0,9m do 0m, vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 7 sekund dugi, a faza umen'shaetsya do 0,42. Idet samyi blagopriyatnyi period vechernei vidimosti Merkuriya v 2024 godu. V teleskop viden oval planety, perehodyashii v poludisk i serp. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,08 do 0,90 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2024 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Venera nahoditsya na utrennem nebe bliz Saturna (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah). Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 19 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 11 uglovyh sekund. Blesk Venery imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze bolee 0,9. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,57 do 1,60 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga pravee Venery i Saturna. Mars nahoditsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah). Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,2m, a vidimyi diametr - bolee 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,14 do 2,12 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Yupiter mozhno nablyudat' v vechernee vremya. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 35 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,63 - 5,71 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop (v period vidimosti) mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn nahoditsya na utrennem nebe bliz Venery. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,0m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 15,5 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 10,67 do 10,63 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Uran viden v vechernee vremya. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 20,19 do 20,28 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planeta luchshe vsego nablyudaetsya vblizi protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun ne viden, t.k. nahoditsya bliz soedineniya s Solncem. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,90 do 30,89 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 21 Mar 2024 18h57m35.02s S23 18' 03.1" 2.824 2.870 8.9 77.3 39.78 93.1 Sgr 26 Mar 2024 19h03m10.09s S23 22' 12.7" 2.828 2.807 8.9 81.0 37.32 93.6 Sgr Pallada (2) 21 Mar 2024 16h47m04.55s N13 48' 54.2" 2.819 2.345 9.3 108.1 39.22 19.8 Her 26 Mar 2024 16h48m37.74s N15 03' 05.5" 2.830 2.309 9.2 111.4 38.48 13.1 Her Yunona (3) 21 Mar 2024 10h41m51.84s N 7 07' 19.2" 2.724 1.772 9.2 158.7 32.60 311.9 Leo 26 Mar 2024 10h38m55.13s N 7 49' 03.1" 2.737 1.811 9.3 152.8 28.65 313.8 Leo Vesta (4) 21 Mar 2024 5h46m30.15s N24 14' 46.5" 2.529 2.388 8.0 86.4 36.55 82.8 Tau 26 Mar 2024 5h52m01.03s N24 23' 49.5" 2.526 2.451 8.0 82.7 39.51 84.1 Tau Evnomiya (15) 21 Mar 2024 23h31m08.39s N 4 34' 26.6" 2.224 3.203 9.9 8.8 79.73 64.2 Psc 26 Mar 2024 23h40m42.12s N 5 44' 06.3" 2.218 3.191 9.9 10.5 79.91 64.1 Psc Thalia (23) 21 Mar 2024 11h49m17.22s N20 25' 06.6" 2.145 1.185 9.6 159.1 33.64 274.5 Leo 26 Mar 2024 11h44m48.15s N20 26' 48.7" 2.154 1.205 9.7 155.8 31.41 267.9 Leo Herculina (532) 21 Mar 2024 14h05m11.60s N16 33' 56.3" 2.276 1.385 9.0 145.3 27.93 323.5 Boo 26 Mar 2024 14h02m40.53s N17 16' 49.8" 2.278 1.369 9.0 148.1 29.48 314.1 Boo a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2024 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii marta mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
18 marta, 16 chasov 09 minut - Maksimal'naya yuzhnaya libraciya Luny po shirote 6,8 gradusov.
19 marta i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P) bliz zvezdy beta Andromedy.
20 marta, 03 chasa 07 minut - Vesennee ravnodenstvie.
21 marta, utro - Venera sblizhaetsya s Saturnom do polgradusa.
22 marta, noch' - Luna (F= 0,9+) bliz Regula.
23 marta, 15 chasov 44 minuty - Luna (F= 0,98+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406292 km ot centra Zemli.
24 marta, noch' - Asteroid Thalia (23) v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba na nuzhnyi den' nedeli i na nuzhnoe vremya dlya vashego punkta nablyudeniya mozhno poluchit' pri pomoshi karty neba na Astronet
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya 03-2024 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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