Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 1 po 7 aprelya 2024 goda26.03.2024 10:24 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Vopros nedeli. Naskol'ko dol'she (men'she) dlilos' by polnoe zatmenie Solnca 8 aprelya 2024 goda, esli by ono proizoshlo mesyacem ranee?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 1 aprelya kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P) proidet bliz zvezdy al'fa Ovna. V etot zhe den' budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya zapadnaya libraciya Luny po dolgote 7,4 gr., Luna (F= 0,59-) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a Merkurii dostignet stoyaniya s perehodom ot pryamogo k popyatnomu dvizheniyu. 2 aprelya budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya severnaya libraciya Luny po shirote 6,8 gr., a 3 aprelya Venera proidet v 0,3 gr. k yugu ot Neptuna. 6 aprelya Luna (F= 0,1-) proidet yuzhnee Marsa, a pri faze 0,09- - yuzhnee Saturna (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Antarktide). 7 aprelya Luna (F= 0,03-) proidet yuzhnee Neptuna (pokrytie pri vidimosti v yuzhnoi chasti Atlanticheskogo okeana), a pri faze 0,02- - severnee Venery (pokrytie pri dnevnoi vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike). V etot zhe den' Luna pri faze 0,02- dostignet perigeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 358850 km ot centra Zemli. Krome etogo, v teleskop mozhno nablyudat' dostatochno yarkie komety: PANSTARRS (C/2021 S3) i P/Pons-Brooks (12P) (vidimost' nevooruzhennym glazom).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya ot 38 do 42 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 13 chasov 35 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya ot 32,02 do 31,95 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 2 aprelya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Strel'ca, Kozeroga, Vodoleya i Ryb izmenyaya fazu ot 0,62- do 0,01- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Strel'ca (pri faze okolo 0,6-). Zdes' Luna primet fazu poslednei chetverti 2 aprelya i probudet do 3 aprelya, kogda pri faze 0,37- pereidet v sozvezdie Kozeroga. 5 aprelya pri faze 0,18- staryi mesyac pereidet v sozvezdie Vodoleya, gde 6 aprelya proidet yuzhnee Marsa i Saturna pri faze 0,09- (pokrytie Saturna pri vidimosti v Antarktide). 7 aprelya tonkii mesyac (F= 0,03-) pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, nablyudayas' yuzhnee Neptuna (pokrytie pri vidimosti v yuzhnoi chasti Atlanticheskogo okeana). V etot zhe den' pri faze 0,02- Luna proidet yuzhnee Venery (pokrytie pri dnevnoi vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike). Nenadolgo zaidya v sozvezdie Kita, Luna vnov' pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb uzhe 8 aprelya, gde v etot den' primet fazu novoluniya (polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie). Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii mozhno nablyudat' na fone vechernei zari, Venera, Mars i Saturn nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah), Neptun ne viden, a Yupiter i Uran nablyudayutsya po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Pons-Brooks (12P) dvizhetsya k yugu po sozvezdiyu Ovna pri bleske yarche 6m (vidimost' nevooruzhennym glazom), a kometa PANSTARRS (C/2021 S3) peremeshaetsya k severu po sozvezdiyu Lisichki pri bleske okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (okolo 8m) v sozvezdiyah Tel'ca i Bliznecov.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Merkurii zakanchivaet vechernyuyu vidimost' k koncu nedeli. Uglovoe rasstoyanie bystroi planety umen'shaetsya ot 17 do 7 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya umen'shaetsya ot +1,4m do +3,9m, vidimyi diametr uvelichivaetsya ot 9 do 11 sekund dugi, a faza umen'shaetsya do 0,03. Zakanchivaetsya samyi blagopriyatnyi period vechernei vidimosti Merkuriya v 2024 godu. V teleskop viden serp planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,73 do 0,61 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2024 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya, 1 aprelya perehodya v sozvezdie Ryb. Venera nahoditsya na utrennem nebe okolo Neptuna (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah). Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 15 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 10 uglovyh sekund. Blesk Venery imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze okolo 0,95. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,62 do 1,64 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz Saturna. Mars nahoditsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah). Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,1m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 4,5 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,09 do 2,06 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Yupiter mozhno nablyudat' v vechernee vremya. Bliz Yupitrea nahodyatsya Uran i kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P). Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 34 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,78 - 5,85 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop (v period vidimosti) mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn nahoditsya na utrennem nebe bliz Marsa. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,1m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 10,58 do 10,52 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna bliz Yupitera. Uran viden v vechernee vremya. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 20,36 do 20,43 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planeta luchshe vsego nablyudaetsya vblizi protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun ne viden, t.k. nahoditsya bliz soedineniya s Solncem. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,87 do 30,84 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
1 Apr 2024 19h09m23.08s S23 27' 48.9" 2.833 2.729 8.8 85.5 34.14 94.5 Sgr
6 Apr 2024 19h14m07.63s S23 33' 15.1" 2.837 2.665 8.8 89.4 31.27 95.7 Sgr
Pallada (2)
1 Apr 2024 16h49m40.59s N16 33' 03.6" 2.844 2.270 9.2 115.3 37.80 4.9 Her
6 Apr 2024 16h49m50.98s N17 47' 54.1" 2.856 2.241 9.1 118.4 37.37 357.8 Her
Yunona (3)
1 Apr 2024 10h36m03.06s N 8 33' 42.8" 2.753 1.867 9.5 146.0 23.37 317.5 Leo
6 Apr 2024 10h34m16.08s N 9 06' 00.5" 2.766 1.920 9.6 140.5 18.82 322.4 Leo
Vesta (4)
1 Apr 2024 5h59m11.72s N24 33' 13.9" 2.522 2.525 8.1 78.4 42.72 85.5 Tau
6 Apr 2024 6h05m36.31s N24 39' 42.4" 2.519 2.587 8.1 74.9 45.19 86.5 Gem
Evnomiya (15)
1 Apr 2024 23h52m13.16s N 7 08' 12.4" 2.211 3.175 9.9 12.7 80.06 64.0 Psc
6 Apr 2024 0h01m51.43s N 8 18' 34.3" 2.205 3.159 9.9 14.6 80.17 63.9 Psc
Thalia (23)
1 Apr 2024 11h39m55.67s N20 18' 55.9" 2.166 1.237 9.9 150.9 27.94 258.4 Leo
6 Apr 2024 11h36m26.64s N20 04' 21.4" 2.175 1.270 10.0 146.4 24.94 248.3 Leo
Herculina (532)
1 Apr 2024 13h58m53.04s N18 02' 15.3" 2.280 1.356 8.9 150.5 30.85 304.1 Boo
6 Apr 2024 13h55m12.66s N18 33' 30.8" 2.282 1.352 8.9 151.6 31.53 296.2 Boo
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2024 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na tekushii mesyac, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
01 aprelya, 09 chasov 00 minut - Luna (F= 0,59-) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
02 aprelya, 03 chasa 15 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
03 aprelya, utro - Venera sblizhaetsya s Neptunom do polgradusa.
04 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P) bliz zvezdy al'fa Ovna.
05 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Kometa PANSTARRS (C/2021 S3) bliz al'fa Lisichki.
06 aprelya, utro - Luna (F= 0,09-) bliz Saturna (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Antarktide).
07 aprelya, 17 chasov 13 minut - Luna (F= 0,02-) v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 358850 km ot centra Zemli.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba na nuzhnyi den' nedeli i na nuzhnoe vremya dlya vashego punkta nablyudeniya mozhno poluchit' pri pomoshi karty neba na Astronet
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya 04-2024 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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