Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 8 po 14 aprelya 2024 goda1.04.2024 11:17 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Vopros nedeli. V kakom godu (nachinaya s 1961) v nashei strane ne bylo pilotiruemyh kosmicheskih poletov?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 8 aprelya asteroid Gerkulina (532) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem, Luna (F= 0,0) okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity i proizoidet polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike. 9 aprelya Luna (F= 0,01+) proidet yuzhnee Merkuriya, a 10 aprelya pri faze 0,06+ - severnee Yupitera. V etot zhe den' Mars proidet v 0,4 severnee Saturna, a Luna (F= 0,07+) - severnee Urana. 11 aprelya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,11+) Pleyad pri vidimosti v Aravii i Indii, a Merkurii vstupit v nizhnee soedinenie s Solncem. 12 aprelya (den' kosmonavtiki) Luna (F= 0,16+) proidet severnee Giad i Al'debarana. 13 aprelya budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya vostochnaya libraciya Luny po dolgote 7,0 gr., a pri faze 0,31+ Luna proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. Krome etogo, na vechernem nebe nevooruzhennym glazom mozhno nablyudat' kometu P/Pons-Brooks (12P).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya ot 42 do 44 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 14 chasov 05 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya ot 31,95 do 31,89 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 8 aprelya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Ryb, Ovna, Tel'ca i Bliznecov, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,01- do 0,42+ i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Ryb. Zdes' v etot den' Luna primet fazu novoluniya i proizoidet polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike. Pereidya na vechernee nebo, molodoi mesyac 9 aprelya proidet yuzhnee Merkuriya pri faze 0,01+, a zatem pereidet v sozvezdie Ovna. Zdes' 10 aprelya Luna (F= 0,06+) budet nahodit'sya bliz Yupitera, Urana i komety P/Pons-Brooks (12P). 11 aprelya pri faze 0,09+ lunnyi serp pereidet v sozvezdie Tel'ca, gde v etot den' proidet yuzhnee Pleyad (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Aravii i Indii). Yuzhnee Luny budet nahodit'sya kometa P/Olbers (13P). 12 aprelya Luna (F= 0,16+) budet nablyudat'sya bliz Giad i Al'debarana. 13 aprelya lunnyi serp (F= 0,3+) vstupit v sozvezdie Bliznecov, gde na sleduyushii den' proidet severnee Vesty. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii mozhno nablyudat' na fone vechernei zari, Venera, Mars i Saturn nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah), Neptun ne viden, a Yupiter i Uran nablyudayutsya po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Pons-Brooks (12P) dvizhetsya k yugu po sozvezdiyu Ovna pri vidimosti nevooruzhennym glazom, a kometa PANSTARRS (C/2021 S3) peremeshaetsya k severu po sozvezdiyu Lebedya pri bleske okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (okolo 8m) v sozvezdii Bliznecov.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Merkurii ne viden, t.k. vstupaet v nizhnee soedinenie s Solncem 11 aprelya. Uglovoe rasstoyanie bystroi planety umen'shaetsya ot 7 do 2 gradusov, a zatem uvelichivaetsya do 5 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya umen'shaetsya ot +3,9m do +5m, vidimyi diametr priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 11,5 sekund dugi, a faza posle soedineniya uvelichivaetsya do 0,01. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,61 do 0,58 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2024 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb i Kita. Venera nahoditsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah). Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 13 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 10 uglovyh sekund. Blesk Venery imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze okolo 0,95. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,62 do 1,66 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz Saturna. Mars nahoditsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah). Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,1m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 4,5 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,06 do 2,04 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Yupiter mozhno nablyudat' v vechernee vremya. Bliz Yupitera nahodyatsya Uran i kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P). Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 34 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,85 - 5,90 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop (v period vidimosti) mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn nahoditsya na utrennem nebe bliz Marsa. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,1m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 10,52 do 10,45 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna bliz Yupitera. Uran viden v vechernee vremya. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 20,43 do 20,49 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planeta luchshe vsego nablyudaetsya vblizi protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun ne viden, t.k. nahoditsya bliz soedineniya s Solncem. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,84 do 30,79 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 6 Apr 2024 19h14m07.63s S23 33' 15.1" 2.837 2.665 8.8 89.4 31.27 95.7 Sgr 11 Apr 2024 19h18m26.22s S23 39' 38.4" 2.840 2.600 8.7 93.4 28.21 97.4 Sgr Pallada (2) 6 Apr 2024 16h49m50.98s N17 47' 54.1" 2.856 2.241 9.1 118.4 37.37 357.8 Her 11 Apr 2024 16h49m22.69s N19 01' 38.1" 2.867 2.215 9.1 121.3 37.02 350.7 Her Yunona (3) 6 Apr 2024 10h34m16.08s N 9 06' 00.5" 2.766 1.920 9.6 140.5 18.82 322.4 Leo 11 Apr 2024 10h33m04.11s N 9 33' 35.1" 2.779 1.977 9.7 135.1 14.35 330.6 Leo Vesta (4) 6 Apr 2024 6h05m36.31s N24 39' 42.4" 2.519 2.587 8.1 74.9 45.19 86.5 Gem 11 Apr 2024 6h12m22.33s N24 44' 47.8" 2.516 2.646 8.2 71.6 47.46 87.6 Gem Evnomiya (15) 6 Apr 2024 0h01m51.43s N 8 18' 34.3" 2.205 3.159 9.9 14.6 80.17 63.9 Psc 11 Apr 2024 0h11m32.01s N 9 29' 01.8" 2.200 3.141 10.0 16.6 80.22 63.9 Psc Thalia (23) 6 Apr 2024 11h36m26.64s N20 04' 21.4" 2.175 1.270 10.0 146.4 24.94 248.3 Leo 11 Apr 2024 11h33m35.92s N19 42' 55.0" 2.185 1.307 10.1 141.9 22.22 235.7 Leo Herculina (532) 6 Apr 2024 13h55m12.66s N18 33' 30.8" 2.282 1.352 8.9 151.6 31.53 296.2 Boo 11 Apr 2024 13h51m13.04s N18 57' 27.6" 2.285 1.353 8.9 151.6 31.56 288.4 Boo a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2024 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na tekushii mesyac, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
08 aprelya, 16 chasov 39 minut - Nachalo polnogo solnechnogo zatmeniya pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike.
08 aprelya, 18 chasov 21 minuta - Novolunie.
09 aprelya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,01+) bliz Merkuriya.
10 aprelya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,05+) bliz Yupitera, Urana i komety P/Pons-Brooks (12P).
11 aprelya, 22 chasa 53 minuty - Merkurii v nizhnem soedinenii s Solncem.
12 aprelya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,19+) bliz Giad i Al'debarana.
13 aprelya, 22 chasa 37 minut - Luna (F= 0,31+) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
14 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P) bliz Yupitera.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba na nuzhnyi den' nedeli i na nuzhnoe vremya dlya vashego punkta nablyudeniya mozhno poluchit' pri pomoshi karty neba na Astronet
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya 04-2024 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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