Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 15 po 21 aprelya 2024 goda15.04.2024 12:03 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Vopros nedeli. V kakom godu v proshlom stoletii bylo odnovremennoe pokrytie Lunoi Venery i Yupitera?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 15 aprelya budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya yuzhnaya libraciya Luny po shirote 6,8 gr., a 16 aprelya Luna (F= 0,58+) proidet severnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 18 aprelya Luna (F= 0,75+) proidet severnee Regula, a 19 aprelya Merkurii proidet v 1,7 gr. severnee Venery. 20 aprelya Luna (F= 0,87+) dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405625 km ot centra Zemli, a 21 aprelya Yupiter proidet v polgradusa yuzhnee Urana. Krome etogo, na vechernem nebe mozhno nablyudat' kometu P/Pons-Brooks (12P).
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya ot 44 do 46 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 14 chasov 35 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya ot 31,89 do 31,82 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Ryb, 18 aprelya perehodya v sozvezdie Ovna. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 15 aprelya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Bliznecov, Raka, L'va i Devy, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,42+ do 0,96+ i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Bliznecov. 15 aprelya Luna primet fazu pervoi chetverti i pereidet v sozvezdie Raka pri faze 0,51+. 16 aprelya lunnyi oval pri faze 0,58+ proidet severnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44), a 17 aprelya (F= 0,67+) pereidet v sozvezdie L'va. Zdes' 18 aprelya Luna (F= 0,75+) proidet severnee Regula i ustremitsya k sozvezdiyu Devy, v kotoroe voidet uzhe pri faze 0,9+ 20 aprelya. Zdes' nochnoe svetilo probudet do konca nedeli, nablyudayas' pochti vsyu noch'. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii, Venera, Mars, Saturn i Neptun nahodyatsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah), a Yupiter i Uran nablyudayutsya po vecheram. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Pons-Brooks (12P) dvizhetsya k yugu po sozvezdiyam Ovna i Tel'ca pri bleske okolo 5m, a kometa PANSTARRS (C/2021 S3) peremeshaetsya k severu po sozvezdiyu Lebedya pri bleske okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (okolo 8m) v sozvezdii Bliznecov.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Merkurii nahoditsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah). Uglovoe rasstoyanie bystroi planety uvelichivaetsya ot 5 do 16 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya uvelichivaetsya ot +5m do +2,4m, vidimyi diametr priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 11 sekund dugi, a faza uvelichivaetsya do 0,1. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,58 do 0,60 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2024 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Venera nahoditsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah). Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 12 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca, a vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 10 uglovyh sekund. Blesk Venery imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze bolee 0,95. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 1,66 do 1,68 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz Saturna. Mars nahoditsya na utrennem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh shirotah). Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,1m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 4,5 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 2,04 do 2,01 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Yupiter mozhno nablyudat' v vechernee vremya. Bliz Yupitera nahodyatsya Uran i kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P). Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 33 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,90 - 5,94 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop (v period vidimosti) mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn nahoditsya na utrennem nebe bliz Marsa. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1,1m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 10,45 do 10,37 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna bliz Yupitera. Uran viden v vechernee vremya. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 20,49 do 20,54 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planeta luchshe vsego nablyudaetsya vblizi protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,79 do 30,73 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 16 Apr 2024 19h22m17.02s S23 47' 12.5" 2.844 2.535 8.7 97.4 25.02 99.9 Sgr 21 Apr 2024 19h25m38.38s S23 56' 10.0" 2.848 2.471 8.6 101.5 21.72 103.4 Sgr Pallada (2) 16 Apr 2024 16h48m16.22s N20 13' 13.6" 2.879 2.194 9.1 124.1 36.71 343.5 Her 21 Apr 2024 16h46m32.91s N21 21' 38.6" 2.890 2.177 9.0 126.5 36.38 336.4 Her Yunona (3) 16 Apr 2024 10h32m27.84s N 9 56' 22.3" 2.791 2.039 9.8 129.9 10.44 345.6 Leo 21 Apr 2024 10h32m26.82s N10 14' 25.9" 2.804 2.105 9.9 124.9 7.97 12.5 Leo Vesta (4) 16 Apr 2024 6h19m27.82s N24 48' 22.7" 2.513 2.705 8.2 68.3 49.52 88.6 Gem 21 Apr 2024 6h26m50.79s N24 50' 20.4" 2.509 2.762 8.2 65.1 51.39 89.5 Gem Evnomiya (15) 16 Apr 2024 0h21m14.91s N10 39' 25.0" 2.194 3.122 10.0 18.6 80.21 64.0 Psc 21 Apr 2024 0h31m00.28s N11 49' 34.4" 2.189 3.100 10.0 20.7 80.17 64.1 Psc Thalia (23) 16 Apr 2024 11h31m27.80s N19 15' 11.3" 2.196 1.350 10.2 137.4 20.33 220.3 Leo 21 Apr 2024 11h30m04.21s N18 41' 53.2" 2.206 1.396 10.4 132.9 19.73 203.3 Leo Herculina (532) 16 Apr 2024 13h47m03.78s N19 13' 08.0" 2.287 1.359 8.9 150.6 30.96 280.4 Boo 21 Apr 2024 13h42m54.59s N19 19' 57.9" 2.290 1.371 9.0 148.7 29.86 272.1 Boo a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2024 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii aprelya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na tekushii mesyac, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
15 aprelya, 19 chasov 13 minut - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
16 aprelya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,58+) prohodit severnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
17 aprelya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Kometa P/Pons-Brooks (12P) bliz Yupitera.
18 aprelya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,75+) prohodit severnee Regula.
19 aprelya, utro - Merkurii prohodit v 1,7 gr. severnee Venery.
20 aprelya, 02 chasa 09 minut - Luna (F= 0,87+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 405625 km ot centra Zemli.
21 aprelya, vecher - Yupiter prohodit v polgradusa yuzhnee Urana.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba na nuzhnyi den' nedeli i na nuzhnoe vremya dlya vashego punkta nablyudeniya mozhno poluchit' pri pomoshi karty neba na Astronet
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya 04-2024 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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