Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 15 po 21 iyulya 2024 goda12.07.2024 9:17 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Vopros nedeli. Zvezdy do kakoi velichiny mozhno uvidet' nevooruzhennym glazom vo vremya polnogo lunnogo zatmeniya?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 15 iyulya Mars proidet v polgradusa yuzhnee Urana, a 17 iyulya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,85+) Antaresa pri vidimosti v Afrike. 18 iyulya budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya zapadnaya libraciya Luny po dolgote 6,1 gr., a 19 iyulya Luna (F= 0,95+) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. 20 iyulya asteroid Garmoniya (40) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem, a takzhe budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya severnaya libraciya Luny po shirote 6,6 gr.. Krome etogo, imeetsya vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na fone utrennih i vechernih sumerek.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya k koncu nedeli do 54 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote umen'shitsya do 16 chasov 40 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 31,48 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov, v konce nedeli perehodya v sozvezdie Raka. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 21 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Devy, Vesov, Skorpiona, Zmeenosca, Strel'ca i Kozeroga, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,60+ do 0,99- i umen'shaya (s 19 iyulya - uvelichivaya) sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Devy. 15 iyulya Luna pri faze 0,64+ vstupit v sozvezdie Vesov, gde probudet do 17 iyulya, uvelichiv fazu do 0,79+. V etot den' nochnoe svetilo vstupit v sozvezdie Skorpiona, gde pri faze 0,85+ pokroet Antares (vidimost' v Afrike).18 iyulya Luna (F= 0,88+) pereidet v sozvezdie Zmeenosca, a 19 iyulya pri faze 0,93+ vstupit v sozvezdie Strel'ca. 21 iyulya yarkii lunnyi disk pereidet v sozvezdie Kozeroga i primet fazu polnoluniya, nablyudayas' vsyu korotkuyu noch'. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Veneru mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh raionah), Mars, Yupiter, Uran nablyudayutsya na utrennem nebe, a Saturn i Neptun - na utrennem i nochnom nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Olbers (13P) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Malogo L'va pri bleske okolo 8m. Kometa Tsuchinshan-ATLAS (C/2023 A3) pri bleske okolo 8m dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu L'va. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,2m) v sozvezdii Raka i Cerera (7,4m) v sozvezdii Strel'ca.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu L'va. Merkurii nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh raionah). Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya ot 26 do 27 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya umen'shaetsya ot -0,1m do +0,4m, vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 8 sekund dugi, a faza umen'shaetsya ot 0,55 do 0,45. V teleskop viden poludisk planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,97 do 0,86 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2024 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Raka. Venera nahoditsya na vechernem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh raionah). Elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli uvelichitsya do 13 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr ee sostavlyaet okolo 10 uglovyh sekund. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze okolo 0,97. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 1,69 do 1,67 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca yuzhnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady. Mars nablyudaetsya na utrennem nebe bliz Urana. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,9m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 5,5 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno razlichit' nekotorye detali na poverhnosti planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,68 do 1,65 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca bliz Al'debarana. Yupiter viden na utrennem nebe. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 35 sekund dugi pri bleske -2m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 5,74 - 5,67 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn viden na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,9m, a uglovoi diametr - bolee 18 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno tonkoe kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna umen'shaetsya ot 9,08 do 8,99 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Uran nahoditsya na utrennem nebe bliz Marsa. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya ot 20,12 do 20,02 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planeta luchshe vsego nablyudaetsya okolo protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun viden na utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,48 do 29,38 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 16 Jul 2024 18h54m45.35s S29 57' 29.9" 2.906 1.908 7.5 166.3 32.02 254.7 Sgr 21 Jul 2024 18h50m14.49s S30 13' 15.4" 2.909 1.929 7.6 161.1 29.67 256.2 Sgr Pallada (2) 16 Jul 2024 15h53m47.57s N22 54' 13.4" 3.069 2.584 9.6 109.0 24.43 185.6 Ser 21 Jul 2024 15h53m44.63s N22 04' 39.0" 3.078 2.640 9.7 106.0 25.59 177.0 Ser Vesta (4) 16 Jul 2024 8h58m03.03s N20 14' 25.0" 2.441 3.388 8.2 17.8 68.05 104.2 Cnc 21 Jul 2024 9h07m22.16s N19 40' 06.2" 2.436 3.401 8.2 15.4 68.48 104.9 Cnc Irida (7) 16 Jul 2024 21h17m51.52s S 8 18' 56.8" 2.321 1.367 8.7 153.5 26.86 272.9 Aqr 21 Jul 2024 21h14m04.56s S 8 17' 57.3" 2.308 1.331 8.6 158.8 31.10 269.2 Aqr Evnomiya (15) 16 Jul 2024 3h26m01.43s N28 57' 49.9" 2.148 2.511 9.9 57.7 71.38 72.2 Ari 21 Jul 2024 3h36m19.66s N29 39' 44.9" 2.148 2.466 9.9 60.1 70.19 73.0 Tau Psiheya (16) 16 Jul 2024 21h19m24.05s S13 50' 36.8" 2.747 1.789 9.9 155.6 23.69 248.4 Aqr 21 Jul 2024 21h16m15.39s S14 09' 05.3" 2.740 1.759 9.8 161.2 26.93 248.6 Aqr Garmoniya (40) 16 Jul 2024 20h11m49.38s S23 07' 35.3" 2.221 1.209 9.5 172.9 38.39 248.5 Cap 21 Jul 2024 20h06m41.93s S23 35' 11.2" 2.219 1.204 9.3 176.7 39.15 249.9 Sgr Isis (42) 16 Jul 2024 18h13m32.26s S29 02' 16.0" 1.976 0.994 9.7 158.6 31.56 243.9 Sgr 21 Jul 2024 18h09m43.84s S29 29' 00.9" 1.968 1.008 9.8 153.1 26.45 242.6 Sgr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2024 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyulya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na tekushii mesyac, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
15 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, utro - Uran bliz Marsa.
16 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na fone utrennih i vechernih sumerek.
17 iyulya, 20 chasov 20 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,85+) Antaresa pri vidimosti v Afrike.
18 iyulya, 06 chasov 02 minuty - Maksimal'naya zapadnaya libraciya Luny po dolgote 6,1 gr..
19 iyulya, 11 chasov 00 minut - Luna (F= 0,95+) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
20 iyulya, noch' - Asteroid Garmoniya (40) v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
21 iyulya, 10 chasov 17 minut - Polnolunie.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba na nuzhnyi den' nedeli i na nuzhnoe vremya dlya vashego punkta nablyudeniya mozhno poluchit' pri pomoshi karty neba na Astronet
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya 07-2024 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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