Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 16 po 22 sentyabrya 2024 goda14.09.2024 9:25 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Vopros nedeli. Zvezdy do kakoi velichiny mozhno uvidet' nevooruzhennym glazom vo vremya polnogo solnechnogo zatmeniya?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 17 sentyabrya proizoidet pokrytie Saturna Lunoi (F= 0,99+) pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike i v Avstralii. 18 sentyabrya proizoidet chastnoe lunnoe zatmenie pri vidimosti v Rossii, Afrike i Amerike (samaya bol'shaya Luna v godu v polnolunie), a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie polnoi Lunoi Neptuna pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike. V etot zhe den' Venera proidet v 2,4 gradusah severnee Spiki, a Luna (F= 0,99-) dostignet perigeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 357284 km ot centra Zemli (v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity). 20 sentyabrya proizoidet pokrytie zvezdy 136 Tel'ca (5m) asteroidom 578 Happelia pri vidimosti v Sibiri. 21 sentyabrya Neptun dostignet protivostoyaniya s Solncem, a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie zvezdy TYC 2412-00074-1 (8m) asteroidom 812 Adele pri vidimosti v Kazahstane i na yuge Sibiri. 22 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,76-) proidet bliz Urana, a pri faze 0,75- - yuzhnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike). V etot zhe den' nastupit osennee ravnodenstvie, a Solnce pereidet iz severnogo polushariya neba v yuzhnoe. Prodolzhitel'nost' dnya sravnyaetsya s prodolzhitel'nost'yu nochi, no blagodarya yavleniyu refrakcii den' budet neskol'ko dlinnee nochi. V severnom polusharii Zemli nastupit astronomicheskaya osen', a v yuzhnom - astronomicheskaya vesna.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya k koncu nedeli ot 36 do 34 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote umen'shitsya do 12 chasov 10 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya ot 31,82 do 31,88 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu L'va, 16 sentyabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Devy. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 18 sentyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Kozeroga, Vodoleya, Ryb, Ovna i Tel'ca, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,93+ do 0,69- i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Kozeroga. 16 sentyabrya yarkii lunnyi disk pri faze 0,94+ pereidet v sozvezdie Vodoleya, gde 17 sentyabrya pokroet Saturn pri faze 0,99+ i pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike i v Avstralii. 18 sentyabrya Luna primet fazu polnoluniya, pri kotorom proizoidet chastnoe lunnoe zatmenie pri vidimosti v Rossii, Afrike i Amerike (samaya bol'shaya Luna v godu v polnolunie i v zatmenie). V etot zhe den' polnaya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Ryb, gde pokroet Neptun pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike. 18 sentyabrya Luna zaidet v sozvezdie Kita i snova vyidet na prostory sozvezdiya Ryb, gde probudet do 20 sentyabrya, umen'shiv fazu do 0,93-. Pereidya v sozvezdie Ovna, Luna probudet zdes' do 22 sentyabrya. Umen'shiv fazu do 0,77-, lunnyi oval vstupit v sozvezdie Tel'ca, gde pri faze 0,76- proidet bliz Urana, a pri faze 0,75- budet nablyudat'sya bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike). Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari, Veneru mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh raionah), Mars, Yupiter, Uran nablyudayutsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe, a Saturn i Neptun vidny vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Olbers (13P) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Volopasa pri bleske okolo 10m. Kometa Tsuchinshan-ATLAS (C/2023 A3) pri bleske okolo 3m dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Sekstanta. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (8m) v sozvezdii L'va.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu L'va, v konce nedeli perehodya v sozvezdie Devy. Merkurii mozhno naiti na fone utrennei zari. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya ot 13 do 7 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya uvelichivaetsya ot -1,2m do -1,4m, vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 5 sekund dugi, a faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,86 do 0,97. V teleskop viden oval planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,21 do 1,33 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2024 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy bliz Spiki. Venera nahoditsya na vechernem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh raionah). Elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli uvelichitsya do 29 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr ee sostavlyaet okolo 12 uglovyh sekund. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze okolo 0,9. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 1,44 do 1,41 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Mars nablyudaetsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,6m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 7 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno razlichit' nekotorye detali na poverhnosti planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,34 do 1,29 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Yupiter viden na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 41 sekundy dugi pri bleske -2,4m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,90 - 4,79 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn viden vsyu noch'. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,6m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 19 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno tonkoe kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 8,66 do 8,69 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Uran viden na nochnom i utrennem nebe bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya ot 19,10 do 19,00 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planeta luchshe vsego nablyudaetsya okolo protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun viden na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 28,90 do 28,89 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 16 Sep 2024 18h38m36.99s S30 45' 26.5" 2.939 2.515 8.7 104.9 17.04 81.0 Sgr 21 Sep 2024 18h41m30.67s S30 40' 13.4" 2.942 2.584 8.8 100.7 20.64 81.4 Sgr Vesta (4) 16 Sep 2024 10h52m28.78s N11 26' 31.6" 2.381 3.346 8.1 13.8 71.43 110.1 Leo 21 Sep 2024 11h01m32.38s N10 37' 02.2" 2.376 3.324 8.1 16.2 71.50 110.3 Leo Irida (7) 16 Sep 2024 20h28m50.20s S10 36' 16.8" 2.159 1.343 8.8 133.1 9.12 230.8 Cap 21 Sep 2024 20h28m22.90s S10 47' 07.2" 2.146 1.375 8.9 128.1 4.78 187.2 Cap Evnomiya (15) 16 Sep 2024 5h21m04.53s N34 44' 53.3" 2.172 1.901 9.5 91.4 45.07 80.2 Aur 21 Sep 2024 5h28m02.36s N34 58' 35.5" 2.176 1.849 9.4 94.7 41.44 80.5 Aur Massaliya (20) 16 Sep 2024 0h35m48.29s N 4 21' 42.0" 2.421 1.440 9.7 163.3 33.28 246.5 Psc 21 Sep 2024 0h31m39.41s N 3 53' 52.1" 2.413 1.419 9.5 169.4 36.24 246.4 Psc Laetitia (39) 16 Sep 2024 1h23m58.27s S 0 48' 32.6" 2.459 1.521 9.6 152.8 28.52 218.1 Cet 21 Sep 2024 1h21m28.58s S 1 34' 13.3" 2.459 1.499 9.5 157.9 31.54 222.7 Cet Prokne (194) 16 Sep 2024 22h42m50.23s S12 22' 46.3" 2.027 1.042 9.9 163.8 45.14 202.6 Aqr 21 Sep 2024 22h40m50.45s S13 42' 35.9" 2.032 1.067 10.0 157.9 40.25 200.2 Aqr Ganimed (1036) 16 Sep 2024 20h23m28.95s N51 59' 16.7" 1.245 0.449 9.7 112.0 95.05 125.4 Cyg 21 Sep 2024 20h41m43.26s N49 54' 57.1" 1.246 0.428 9.6 115.0 117.68 128.8 Cyg a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2024 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii sentyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na tekushii mesyac, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
16 sentyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Venera bliz Spiki.
17 sentyabrya, 10 chasov 08 minut - Pokrytie Saturna Lunoi (F= 0,99+) pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike i v Avstralii.
18 sentyabrya, 02 chasa 11 minut - Nachalo chastnogo lunnogo zatmeniya pri vidimosti v Rossii, Afrike i Amerike.
18 sentyabrya, 02 chasa 34 minuty - Polnolunie.
19 sentyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, utro - Merkurii bliz Regula.
20 sentyabrya, 14 chasov 24 minuty - Pokrytie zvezdy 136 Tel'ca (5m) asteroidom 578 Happelia pri vidimosti v Sibiri.
21 sentyabrya, 22 chasa 35 minut - Pokrytie zvezdy TYC 2412-00074-1(8m) asteroidom 812 Adele pri vidimosti v Kazahstane i na yuge Sibiri.
22 sentyabrya, 12 chasov 44 minuty - Osennee ravnodenstvie.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya 09-2024 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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