Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 30 sentyabrya po 6 oktyabrya 2024 goda27.09.2024 8:52 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Vopros nedeli. Pochemu na Merkurii kratery v srednem men'she po diametru, chem na Lune?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 30 sentyabrya Merkurii dostignet verhnego soedineniya s Solncem, a asteroid Massaliya (20) vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem. 2 oktyabrya proizoidet kol'ceobraznoe solnechnoe zatmenie pri vidimosti na yuge Yuzhnoi Ameriki, a Luna (F= 0,0) okazhetsya v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity, V etot zhe den' Luna dostignet apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406517 km ot centra Zemli, a pri faze 0,01+ proidet bliz Merkuriya. 3 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,01+) proidet bliz Spiki (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike), a 5 oktyabrya pri faze 0,08+ - bliz Venery.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya k koncu nedeli ot 31 do 28 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote umen'shitsya do 11 chasov 05 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya ot 31,94 do 32,00 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Devy. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 2 oktyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya L'va, Devy i Vesov, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,06- do 0,15+ i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii L'va. Zdes' lunnyi serp (F= 0,1-) vtoroi raz za mesyac sblizitsya s Regulom i zakonchit svoi put' po sentyabr'skomu nebu pri faze 0,03- severnee komety Tsuchinshan-ATLAS (C/2023 A3). 1 oktyabrya lunnyi serp pri faze 0,02- pereidet v sozvezdie Devy, gde 2 oktyabrya primet fazu novoluniya (kol'ceobraznoe solnechnoe zatmenie) i uzhe na vechernem nebe proidet bliz Merkuriya. 3 oktyabrya lunnyi serp pri faze 0,01+ proidet bliz Spiki (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike). 5 oktyabrya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Vesov, uvelichiv fazu do 0,06+. Zdes' lunnyi serp pri faze 0,08+ proidet yuzhnee Venery, a 7 oktyabrya pri faze 0,15+ voidet v sozvezdie Skorpiona. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii zakanchivaet utrennyuyu vidimost', Veneru mozhno naiti na fone vechernei zari (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh raionah), Mars, Yupiter, Uran nablyudayutsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe, a Saturn i Neptun vidny vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Tsuchinshan-ATLAS (C/2023 A3) pri bleske okolo 2m dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam L'va i Devy. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (8m) v sozvezdii L'va.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Devy. Merkurii ne viden, t.k. vstupaet v verhnee soedinenie s Solncem 30 sentyabrya. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya k koncu nedeli do 5 gradusov k vostoku ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya umen'shaetsya ot -1,5m do -1,1m, vidimyi diametr imeet znachenie okolo 5 sekund dugi, a faza sostavlyaet okolo 1. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,39 do 1,42 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2024 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov. Venera nahoditsya na vechernem nebe (luchshaya vidimost' v yuzhnyh raionah). Elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli uvelichitsya do 33 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr ee sostavlyaet bolee 12 uglovyh sekund. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo -4m pri faze okolo 0,85. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 1,37 do 1,33 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Mars nablyudaetsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,4m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 8 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno razlichit' nekotorye detali na poverhnosti planety. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,25 do 1,20 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Yupiter viden na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 43 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,68 - 4,58 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn viden vsyu noch'. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +0,6m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 19 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno tonkoe kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 8,73 do 8,78 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Uran viden na nochnom i utrennem nebe bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya ot 18,90 do 18,82 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planeta luchshe vsego nablyudaetsya okolo protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun viden na nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 28,91 do 28,94 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 1 Oct 2024 18h48m51.38s S30 27' 08.3" 2.946 2.726 8.9 92.6 27.23 81.6 Sgr 6 Oct 2024 18h53m14.46s S30 19' 13.6" 2.948 2.797 9.0 88.7 30.22 81.6 Sgr Vesta (4) 1 Oct 2024 11h19m34.64s N 8 56' 39.6" 2.366 3.272 8.1 21.2 71.55 110.6 Leo 6 Oct 2024 11h28m33.14s N 8 06' 02.7" 2.361 3.243 8.1 23.7 71.50 110.7 Leo Irida (7) 1 Oct 2024 20h30m03.29s S11 02' 02.6" 2.121 1.448 9.1 118.8 12.35 100.8 Cap 6 Oct 2024 20h32m09.11s S11 05' 38.4" 2.108 1.487 9.2 114.5 18.23 92.9 Cap Evnomiya (15) 1 Oct 2024 5h40m08.99s N35 21' 28.3" 2.185 1.747 9.3 101.8 33.06 80.6 Aur 6 Oct 2024 5h45m09.65s N35 30' 51.3" 2.189 1.697 9.2 105.6 28.32 80.3 Aur Fortuna (16) 1 Oct 2024 1h42m35.33s N11 19' 22.9" 2.067 1.098 9.6 160.1 28.71 245.2 Psc 6 Oct 2024 1h38m57.23s N10 53' 28.0" 2.065 1.081 9.4 166.0 32.68 245.1 Psc Massaliya (20) 1 Oct 2024 0h22m37.64s N 2 52' 38.6" 2.397 1.396 9.2 178.3 38.83 246.0 Psc 6 Oct 2024 0h18m02.42s N 2 21' 11.3" 2.389 1.394 9.4 172.2 38.17 245.9 Psc Laetitia (39) 1 Oct 2024 1h15m11.55s S 3 07' 21.5" 2.460 1.474 9.3 166.9 35.37 229.4 Cet 6 Oct 2024 1h11m37.11s S 3 52' 27.2" 2.461 1.471 9.3 169.2 35.77 232.1 Cet Ganimed (1036) 1 Oct 2024 21h23m43.39s N43 40' 50.9" 1.256 0.393 9.3 122.4 168.08 134.8 Cyg 6 Oct 2024 21h46m19.44s N39 24' 34.7" 1.265 0.381 9.2 126.7 192.09 137.3 Cyg a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2024 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii sentyabrya i oktyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na tekushii mesyac, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
30 sentyabrya, noch' - Asteroid Massaliya (20) v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
01 oktyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Asteroid Ganimed (1036) bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya M39.
02 oktyabrya, 15 chasov 43 minuty - Nachalo chastnogo solnechnogo zatmeniya pri vidimosti v Tihom okeane i v Yuzhnoi Amerike.
02 oktyabrya, 18 chasov 49 minut - Novolunie.
03 oktyabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,01+) bliz Spiki (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike).
04 oktyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Uran bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady.
05 oktyabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,08+) bliz Venery.
06 oktyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Asteroid Irida (7) bliz zvezdy al'fa Kozeroga.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba na nuzhnyi den' nedeli i na nuzhnoe vremya dlya vashego punkta nablyudeniya mozhno poluchit' pri pomoshi karty neba na Astronet
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya 09-2024 i 10-2024 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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