Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 16 po 22 dekabrya 2024 goda18.11.2024 9:40 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Vopros nedeli. Na kakih shirotah luchshe vsego nablyudat' Mars v protivostoyanii 2025 goda?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 16 dekabrya budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya yuzhnaya libraciya Luny po shirote 6,5. 18 dekabrya budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya vostochnaya libraciya Luny po dolgote 6,2, a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,89-) Marsa bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44) pri vidimosti v severnyh raionah strany. 20 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,74-) proidet bliz Regula, a 21 dekabrya nastupit zimnee solncestoyanie. V severnom polusharii Zemli v etot den' budet samaya dlinnaya noch' i samyi korotkii den', a v yuzhnom - naoborot. Severnee 66,5 gradusov severnoi shiroty idet polyarnaya noch', a yuzhnee 66,5 gradusov yuzhnoi shiroty - polyarnyi den'. Solnce dostigaet minimal'nogo otricatel'nogo skloneniya 23,5 gradusa, nachinaya svoi put' po ekliptike k severu. Cherez tri mesyaca Solnce peresechet nebesnyi ekvator (vesennee ravnodenstvie), a cherez polgoda dostignet svoei verhnei tochki ekliptiki (letnee solnce stoyanie), posle chego opyat' nachnet opuskat'sya k yugu. 22 dekabrya nastupit maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Ursidy (ZHR= 10) iz sozvezdiya Maloi Medvedicy, a Luna (F= 0,50-) okazhetsya v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity. V etot zhe den' proizoidet pokrytie zvezdy HIP 33875 (7m) iz sozvezdiya Edinoroga asteroidom Mundleria (1466) pri vidimosti na yuge Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 11 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote imeet znachenie okolo 7 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya ot 32,50 do 32,52 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Zmeenosca, 18 dekabrya perehodya v sozvezdie Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 22 dekabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Bliznecov, Raka, L'va i Devy, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,99- do 0,49- i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Bliznecov. Zdes' Luna probudet do 17 dekabrya, kogda pri faze 0,93- vstupit v sozvezdie Raka. 18 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,88-) budet nablyudat'sya bliz Marsa i rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44), a 19 dekabrya pri faze 0,83- pereidet v sozvezdie L'va. Zdes' 20 dekabrya Luna (F= 0,74-) proidet bliz Regula, a 22 dekabrya lunnyi poludisk (F= 0,56-) vstupit v sozvezdie Devy. Zdes' Luna primet 22 dekabrya fazu poslednei chetverti. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari, Veneru mozhno nablyudat' po vecheram, Mars i Yupiter nablyudayutsya na nochnom nebe, a Saturn, Uran i Neptun vidny vecherom i noch'yu. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica Tsuchinshan-ATLAS (C/2023 A3) pri bleske okolo 9m dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Orla. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (8m) v sozvezdii Devy.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759
Merkurii. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Skorpiona. Merkurii mozhno nablyudat' na fone utrennei zari. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya k koncu nedeli do 22 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya uvelichivaetsya ot +0,3m do -0,2m, vidimyi diametr umen'shaetsya do 7 sekund dugi, a faza k koncu nedeli uvelichivaetsya do 0,58. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,81 do 0,97 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii 2024 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Venera vidna na vechernem nebe v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy. Elongaciya planety sostavlyaet okolo 46 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr ee sostavlyaet okolo 20 uglovyh sekund. Blesk planety imeet znachenie bolee -4m pri faze okolo 0,6. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,87 do 0,82 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Raka bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). Mars nablyudaetsya na nochnom nebe v vide yarkoi oranzhevoi zvezdy. Blesk planety sostavlyaet okolo -1m, a vidimyi diametr bolee 13 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' detali na poverhnosti planety, a takzhe vesti zarisovki i fotografirovanie Marsa. Idet samyi blagopriyatnyi period nablyudenii Marsa v 2024 godu. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,72 do 0,69 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Yupiter viden v nochnoe vremya. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 48 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,7m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,10 - 4,13 a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn viden na vechernem i nochnom nebe. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 17 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno tonkoe kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 9,77 do 9,89 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Uran viden na nochnom nebe bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 18,70 do 18,77 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planeta luchshe vsego nablyudaetsya okolo protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun viden na vechernem i nochnom nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 29,83 do 29,95 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 16 Dec 2024 20h27m12.02s S26 21' 13.3" 2.973 3.671 9.3 39.1 54.31 76.0 Cap 21 Dec 2024 20h35m01.83s S25 54' 25.3" 2.974 3.714 9.3 35.9 55.09 75.5 Cap Vesta (4) 16 Dec 2024 13h31m27.54s S 2 56' 33.8" 2.290 2.579 7.9 62.1 64.17 107.1 Vir 21 Dec 2024 13h39m34.00s S 3 33' 15.6" 2.285 2.519 7.9 65.1 62.97 106.5 Vir Irida (7) 16 Dec 2024 22h05m44.40s S 6 20' 21.6" 1.949 2.108 9.8 67.1 72.90 73.1 Aqr 21 Dec 2024 22h15m09.87s S 5 36' 37.9" 1.940 2.148 9.8 64.5 74.99 72.5 Aqr Irena (14) 16 Dec 2024 7h15m33.79s N25 26' 33.4" 2.491 1.555 9.8 156.9 31.31 298.2 Gem 21 Dec 2024 7h11m17.57s N25 56' 14.5" 2.482 1.524 9.7 162.9 35.03 295.4 Gem Evnomiya (15) 16 Dec 2024 5h21m47.46s N33 35' 00.8" 2.280 1.306 8.0 169.3 40.66 243.7 Aur 21 Dec 2024 5h16m15.72s N32 57' 34.5" 2.288 1.319 8.1 167.0 39.74 240.3 Aur a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2024 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii dekabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na tekushii mesyac, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2024 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
16 dekabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Mars bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
17 dekabrya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Uran bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady (M45).
18 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,89-) bliz Marsa (pokrytie pri vidimosti v severnyh raionah strany).
19 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,85-) bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44).
20 dekabrya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,74-) bliz Regula.
21 dekabrya, 09 chasov 20 minut - Zimnee solncestoyanie.
22 dekabrya, 22 chasa 18 minuty - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya 12-2024 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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