Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 13 po 19 yanvarya 2025 goda12.01.2025 9:06 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Vopros nedeli. Odinakova li na Marse smena vremen goda po sravneniyu s Zemlei?
Otvety mozhno davat' v kommentariyah k dannoi stranichke.
Na dannoi nedele 14 yanvarya budet imet' mesto maksimal'naya vostochnaya libraciya Luny po dolgote 5,2. V etot zhe den' Luna v polnolunie proidet bliz Marsa (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike i Afrike), a pri faze 0,99- proidet severnee rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 16 yanvarya Mars vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem, a Luna (F= 0,92-) proidet bliz Regula. 19 yanvarya Luna (F= 0,75-) okazhetsya v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity, a Venera proidet v 2 gradusah severnee Saturna.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy uvelichivaetsya do 14 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote uvelichivaetsya do 7 chasov 55 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca umen'shaetsya do 32,51 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 13 yanvarya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Bliznecov, Raka, L'va i Devy, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,99+ do 0,67- i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Bliznecov. Zdes' Luna 13 yanvarya primet fazu polnoluniya. 14 yanvarya yarkii lunnyi disk pokroet Mars pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike i Afrike. V etot zhe den' Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Raka i budet nablyudat'sya (F= 0,99-) bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 15 yanvarya pri faze 0,96- Luna pereidet v sozvezdie L'va, gde 16 yanvarya pri faze 0,92- proidet bliz Regula. 18 yanvarya lunnyi oval (F= 0,78-) vstupit v sozvezdie Devy. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari, Veneru mozhno nablyudat' po vecheram, Mars i Yupiter nablyudayutsya na nochnom nebe, Uran viden vecherom i noch'yu, a Saturn i Neptun - v vechernee vremya. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet imeyutsya v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' - http://astropixels.com/.
Iz komet hvostataya strannica ATLAS (C/2024 G3) pri maksimal'nom bleske okolo 0m dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Strel'ca i Kozeroga. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy, a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskih kalendaryah na blizhaishie gody. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii - na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkoi na dannoi nedele budet Vesta (okolo 7,5m) v sozvezdii Devy.
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Obzor interesnyh yavlenii ot Andreya Klimkovskogo imeetsya na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759
Merkurii. Planeta imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Merkurii mozhno nablyudat' na fone utrennei zari. Elongaciya planety umen'shaetsya do 13 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Blesk Merkuriya priderzhivaetsya znacheniya -0,4m, vidimyi diametr sostavlyaet okolo 5 sekund dugi, a faza sostavlyaet okolo 0,9. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,31 do 1,37 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh maksimal'nyh elongacii imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2025 god. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Venera vidna na vechernem nebe v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy. Elongaciya planety sostavlyaet okolo 47 gradusov. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya do 27 uglovyh sekund. Blesk planety imeet znachenie okolo -4,5m pri faze okolo 0,5. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,66 do 0,61 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Raka. Mars nablyudaetsya na nochnom nebe v vide yarkoi oranzhevoi zvezdy. Blesk planety sostavlyaet -1,3m, a vidimyi diametr imeet znachenie 14,5 sekund dugi. V teleskop mozhno nablyudat' detali na poverhnosti planety, a takzhe vesti zarisovki i fotografirovanie Marsa. Idet samyi blagopriyatnyi period nablyudenii Marsa v 2025 godu. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya do 0,65 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca. Yupiter viden v nochnoe vremya. Vidimyi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 45 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,6m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,30 - 4,38a.e.. Bol'shie sputniki Yupitera vidny uzhe v binokl'. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii i yavleniya (prohozhdeniya i pokrytiya) v sisteme sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na blizhaishie mesyacy. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya. Saturn viden na vechernem nebe. Blesk planety sostavlyaet +1m, a uglovoi diametr - okolo 16 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno tonkoe kol'co planety. Sputnik Saturna Titan (8m) mozhno uvidet' dazhe v binokl', a drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki planety - v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 60mm (luchshe vsego v period protivostoyaniya). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya ot 10,19 do 10,28 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Uran. Planeta (m= +6, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ovna. Uran viden na nochnom nebe bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom uvelichivaetsya ot 19,04 do 19,14 a.e.. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Nevooruzhennym glazom planeta luchshe vsego nablyudaetsya okolo protivostoyaniya v bezlunnye nochi. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' .
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Ryb. Neptun viden na vechernem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya ot 30,30 do 30,41 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den'.
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Kozeroga na rasstoyanii okolo 35 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru ( raznaya astroinformaciya i zhurnal Nebosvod )
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 16 Jan 2025 21h16m23.58s S23 15' 02.7" 2.980 3.886 9.2 19.9 57.87 73.1 Cap 21 Jan 2025 21h24m22.79s S22 40' 58.8" 2.980 3.908 9.1 17.0 58.19 72.7 Cap Vesta (4) 16 Jan 2025 14h19m08.46s S 6 06' 52.6" 2.261 2.190 7.6 81.3 53.97 102.3 Vir 21 Jan 2025 14h26m04.73s S 6 28' 20.5" 2.256 2.125 7.6 84.6 51.65 101.3 Vir Irida (7) 16 Jan 2025 23h07m15.32s S 1 08' 59.2" 1.897 2.341 9.9 51.8 83.65 70.1 Psc 21 Jan 2025 23h17m45.52s S 0 11' 05.7" 1.890 2.374 9.9 49.5 84.94 69.8 Psc Irena (14) 16 Jan 2025 6h43m48.30s N28 17' 08.4" 2.436 1.478 9.6 163.1 36.55 286.9 Gem 21 Jan 2025 6h38m50.55s N28 37' 20.3" 2.428 1.491 9.7 157.1 33.14 286.1 Aur Evnomiya (15) 16 Jan 2025 4h57m48.35s N29 22' 24.4" 2.332 1.489 8.8 140.2 22.13 205.3 Aur 21 Jan 2025 4h56m53.39s N28 44' 08.7" 2.340 1.539 8.9 135.0 19.19 190.7 Aur Amphitrite (29) 16 Jan 2025 10h15m40.55s N17 08' 54.3" 2.504 1.629 9.6 145.7 21.86 288.5 Leo 21 Jan 2025 10h12m32.29s N17 23' 33.6" 2.508 1.599 9.5 151.4 26.77 287.1 Leo a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2025 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii yanvarya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v Kalendare nablyudatelya na tekushii mesyac, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2025 god i Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike .
13 yanvarya, 22 chasa 27 minut - Polnolunie.
14 yanvarya, noch' - Luna v polnolunie bliz Marsa (pokrytie pri vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike i Afrike).
15 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher - Saturn bliz Venery.
16 yanvarya, noch' - Mars v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
17 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Yupiter bliz Al'debarana.
18 yanvarya i vsyu nedelyu, noch' - Uran bliz rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya Pleyady (M45).
19 yanvarya, 01chasa 47 minut - Luna (F= 0,75-) v nishodyashem uzle svoei orbity.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Meteoveb i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba na nuzhnyi den' nedeli i na nuzhnoe vremya dlya vashego punkta nablyudeniya mozhno poluchit' pri pomoshi karty neba na Astronet
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya 01-2025 AstroKA; GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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