Sozvezdie Bol'shoi Pes (CMa)
Raspolozheno k yugo-vostoku ot Oriona; ego vostochnaya chast' lezhit v Mlechnom Puti. Zanimaet na nebe ploshad' v 380.1 kvadratnogo gradusa i soderzhit 148 zvezd, vidimyh nevooruzhennym glazom. V etom sozvezdii nahoditsya yarchaishaya zvezda neba Sirius, imeyushii zvezdnuyu velichinu -1.43; eta velikolepnaya belo-golubaya zvezda vyglyadit stol' yarkoi iz-za blizosti k nam: ee rasstoyanie vsego 8,7 sv. goda.
Sirius i samo sozvezdie uzhe 5000 let nazad associirovalos' s sobakoi; ego drevneishee shumerskoe nazvanie - "sobaka Solnca". V Egipte zhe ego zvali "predvoshishayushei" zvezdoi; ona byla zvezdoi bogini Izidy; ee utrennii voshod predveshal razliv Nila. Araby dali Siriusu imya, oznachavshee "yarchaishaya zvezda togo, kto peresek (Mlechnyi Put')" i svyazannoe s legendoi, v kotoroi figurirovala takzhe zvezda Procion ( Malogo Psa). Greki nazyvali Sirius prosto "sobakoi", a rimlyane - "sobachkoi" (Canicula, otsyuda letnii period otdyha - kanikuly). Slovo "Sirius", veroyatno, proizoshlo ot grecheskogo seirios - "yarko goryashii".
U Siriusa est' sputnik - belyi karlik, obrashayushiisya s periodom 49.98 goda. Ego svetimost' v 10 tys. raz slabee, chem u Siriusa, radius v 100 raz men'she solnechnogo, no massa takaya zhe, kak u Solnca. Poetomu sputnik Siriusa imeet fantasticheskuyu plotnost': 1 tonna v kazhdom kubicheskom santimetre!
V 4o k yugu ot Siriusa nahoditsya ochen' krasivoe rasseyannoe skoplenie M41, soderzhashee bolee 100 zvezd i udalennoe na 1900 sv. let.
Latinskoe nazvanie: Canis Major
Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
Bol'shoi Pes - Canis Major - CMa
Publikacii so slovami: Bol'shoi Pes - Canis Major - CMa | |
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