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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph) 2003

Neitrino
(Arhiv Neitrino:
v.2, 2004, v.1, 2002-2003)

Vypusk 62. 01-15 dekabrya 2003

astro-ph/0312078 Rasprostranenie leptonov sverhvysokih energii v tolshe Zemli: v prilozhenii k neitrinnomu teleskopu IceCube (Propagation of Extremely-high Energy Leptons in the Earth: Implications to their detection by the IceCube Neutrino Telescope)
Authors: Shigeru Yoshida et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 10 figures

Chtoby izbavit'sya ot fona kosmicheskih luchei na cherenkovskih detektorah chastic sverhvysokih energii (vodyanyh ili ledyanyh) obychno registriruyut chasticy, kotorye idut snizu, t.e. pered etim ishodnaya chastica peresekaet vsyu Zemlyu, a registriruemaya zaryazhennaya chastica rozhdaetsya gde-to neposredstvenno pod detektorom. Odnako dlya polucheniya tochnyh rezul'tatov trebuetsya znat' kak ishodnye chasticy (neitrino) rasprostranyayutsya v tolshe Zemli. Etomu voprosu i posvyashena dannaya nebol'shaya, no interesnaya stat'ya.


hep-ph/0312065 Predely na massu neitrino po dannym SDSS, 2dFGRS i WMAP (Neutrino mass limits from SDSS, 2dFGRS and WMAP)
Authors: V. Barger, Danny Marfatia, Adam Tregre
Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures

Istoricheski odni iz samyh zhestkih predelov na massu neitrino ustanavlivalis' po astronomicheskim (kosmologicheskim) dannym. Konechno, hochetsya chetkih laboratornyh predelov, no ochen' uzh neulovimy eti chasticy.

V etoi rabote avtory ispol'zuyut dannye novyh eksperimentov po issledovaniyu krupnomasshtabnoi struktury i reliktovogo izlucheniya. Rezul'taty govoryat o tom, chto summarnaya massa neitrino (imeetsya vvidu summa mass elektronnogo, myuonnogo i tau neitrino) men'she chem primerno 0.7 eV.

V stat'e obsuzhdayutsya i drugie eksperimenty (vklyuchaya laboratornye), rezul'taty kotoryh sravnivayutsya s poluchennym avtorami predelom. Vse neploho soglasuetsya drug s drugom.


Vypusk 61. 16-30 noyabrya 2003

obzor! astro-ph/0311343 Astrofizicheskie neitrinnye teleskopy (Astrophysical Neutrino Telescopes)
Authors: A.B. McDonald et al.
Comments: 28 pages, 31 figures, Invited review article submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments May 19, 2003

Bol'shoi ponyatnyi obzor po neitrinnym teleskopam (s kartinkami!). Rasskazano o vseh tipah detektorov (solnechnye neitrino, atmosfernye neitrino, neitrino vysokih energii). Kratko daetsya astrofizicheskaya motivaciya dlya raznyh issledovanii. Opisany kak pervye eksperimenty, tak i te, chto tol'ko planiruyutsya.

Ochen' sovetuem vsem, kto hochet uznat' bol'she o neitrinnyh nablyudeniyah.


obzor astro-ph/0311489 Kosmicheskii i galakticheskii fon neitrino ot termoyadernyh istochnikov (Cosmic and Galactic Neutrino Backgrounds from Thermonuclear Sources)
Authors: Cristiano Porciani et al.
Comments: 30 pages, 8 figures

Otkuda, v osnovnom, prihodyat neitrino, rodivshiesya v termoyadernyh reakciyah? C z~2.

Krome togo v obzore rassmotreny sleduyushie voprosy:

  • kakov etot fon (nablyudatel'nye dannye);
  • chto dayut istochniki v nashei Galaktike;
  • v drugih galaktikah.


Vypusk 60. 01-15 noyabrya 2003

miniobzor astro-ph/0311004 Astronomiya neitrino vysokih energii: ot AMANDA k IceCube (High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy: from AMANDA to Icecube)
Authors: F. Halzen
Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures

Korotkii obzor o sovremennyh ledyanyh cherenkovskih detektorah: o deistvuyushem segodnya detektore AMANDA i o gorazdo bolee krupnom (~1 km) planiruemom IceCube. (Konechno, oba raspolozheny v Antarktide.) Kakie eksperimenty na nih mozhno budet provesti i chto eti eksperimenty pozvolyat proverit' - vot osnovnaya tema zametki.

Oba detektora registriruyut cherenkovskoe izluchenie relyativistskih elektronov, vybityh iz molekul vody neitrino vysokih energii. Skorost' dvizheniya takih elektronov prevyshaet skorost' sveta vo l'du. Vybityi iz atoma elektron dvizhetsya pochti v tom zhe napravlenii, chto i stolknuvsheesya s nim neitrino, t.o. my mozhem uznat' iz kakoi tochki na nebe ono prishlo. Chtoby umen'shit' fon ot zaryazhennyh chastic kosmicheskih luchei budut registrirovat'sya tol'ko elektrony, porozhdennye neitrino, kotorye predvaritel'no proshedshih skvoz' Zemlyu, t.e. dvizhushihsya snizu vverh. Takim obrazom detektory, raspolozhennye na yuzhnom polyuse, budut nablyudat' za istochnikami severnogo neba.

Sleva - shema detektora IceCube, sprava - smodelirovannaya karta istochnikov neitrino vysokih energii, kotorye mogut byt' zaregistrirovany na ustanovke IceCube.


Vypusk 58. 01-17 oktyabrya 2003

miniobzor astro-ph/0310030 Modeli Solnca i solnechnye neitrino (Solar Models and Solar Neutrinos)
Authors: John N. Bahcall
Comments: 18 pages, 6 figures.

Neitrino ot Solnca nablyudayutsya uzhe v techenie 40 let. I pochti vse eto vremya s peremennym uspehom shla "bor'ba" mezhdu teoreticheskimi modelyami Solnca i dannymi poluchennymi v eksperimentah. Osnovnoe protivorechie svodilos' k tomu, chto na Zemlyu prihodit primerno na 1/3 men'shii potok neitrino, chem nado. Snachala eto nesootvetstvie schitalos' nedostatkom modelei Solnca, zatem - eksperimentov po registracii neitrino, a posle togo, kak eksperimenty stali dostatochno tochnymi - teorii neitrinnyh processov. Bitva zavershilas' god nazad - posle eksperimental'nogo dokazatel'stva sushestvovaniya oscillyacii neitrino.

Gorazdo bolee podrobnyi - v licah i detalyah - rasskaz by naidete v obzore klassika sovremennoi astrofiziki Dzhona Bakkala.


miniobzor astro-ph/0310133 Fizika neitrino i kosmologiya (Neutrino physics from cosmology)
Authors: Steen Hannestad (Univ. Southern Denmark)
Comments: 15 pages, 5 figures

Kosmologicheskie nablyudeniya poslednih neskol'kih let (v pervuyu ochered' prodolzhayushiisya eksperiment WMAP) dayut ser'eznye ogranicheniya na parametry neitrino: v pervuyu ochered' na chislo legkih neitrino i na ih massy (v zavisimosti ot chisla).


astro-ph/0310295 Ozhidaemyi svoistva radioimpul'sov ot padeniya na Lunu potokov EeV neitrino (Expected properties of radio pulses from lunar EeV neutrino showers)
Authors: A. R. Beresnyak
Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures

Radiovolny s chastotami poryadka 100 MGc-1 GGc mogut na neskol'ko metrov pronikat' vglub' poverhnosti Luny ili, naoborot, vyhodit' naruzhu, preodolevaya neskol'ko metrov lunnogo regolita. Na etom svoistve lunnogo grunta osnovan metod registracii neitrino sverhvysokih energii (~1018-1020 eV). Nebol'shaya dolya puchka sverhenergichnyh neitrino rasseivaetsya na elektronah lunnogo grunta, elektrony nachinayut dvigat'sya s relyativistskimi skorostyami, kotorye prevyshayut skorost' sveta v regolite i ispuskayut Cherenkovskoe izluchenie. Gigagercovye radiovolny, dlya kotoryh lunnyi grunt dostatochno prozrachen, vyhodyat naruzhu i mogut byt' zaregistrirovany nazemnymi radioteleskopami. V dannoi stat'e privedeny raschety vremennyh i uglovyh profilei izlucheniya, porozhdaemogo na poverhnosti Luny impul'som neitrino sverhvysokih energii.


Vypusk 57. 22-30 sentyabrya

miniobzor astro-ph/0309519 Netrinno-yadernaya astrofizika sverhnovyh (Supernova Neutrino-Nucleus Astrophysics)
Authors: A.B.Balantekin, G.M.Fuller
Comments: 12 pages, 4 figures.

Kollapsiruyushee yadro massivnoi predsverhnovoi - odin iz samyh moshnyh istochnikov neitrino vo Vselennoi. Kakoe vozdeistvie etot potok mozhet okazat' na yadra atomov v kollapsiruyushem yadre? Kak na etih reakciyah mozhet skazat'sya effekt smeshivaniya neitrino (perehod neitrino odnogo sorta v drugie)? Vot dve osnovnye temy etogo korotkogo obzora.


Vypusk 53. 10-22 avgusta 2003
obzor hep-ph/0308123 Uspehi fiziki massivnyh neitrino (Progress in the physics of massive neutrinos)
Authors: V. Barger, D. Marfatia and K. Whisnant
Comments: 110 pages, 34 figures

Ogromnyi (110 stranic!) fundamental'neishii obzor ohvatyvaet kak samu fiziku massivnyh neitrino (eksperiment i teoriyu), tak i ee fizicheskie (reaktory, processy v atmosfere i t.d.) i astronomicheskie (pervichnyi nukleosintez, leptogenez, reliktovoe izluchenie, sverhnovye) prilozheniya. Mnogo mesta udeleno fenomenologii oscillyacii neitrino i narusheniyu simmetrii. Rassmotreny takzhe vozmozhnye puti dal'neishego razvitiya dannogo napravleniya v nauke.


Odna iz illyustracii obzora:
neitrinnye processy pri vzryve sverhnovoi


Vypusk 48. 23-30 iyunya 2003


miniobzor hep-ph/0306233 Svoistva reliktovyh neitrino po kosmologicheskim dannym (Relic neutrinos: neutrino properties from cosmology)
Authors: Sergio Pastor
Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures.

Kak zaregistrirovat' i opredelit' svoistva kosmologicheskih neitrino eksperimental'no segodnya ne znaet nikto. Ih energiya slishkom mala dlya togo, chtoby oni vstupili v kakuyu-libo reakciyu. Po etoi zhe prichine nevozmozhno obnaruzhit' ih mehanicheskoe vozdeistvie. Odnako mozhno popytat'sya opredelit' ih svoistva kosvennym putem. Naprimer, kak v dannom kratkom obzore, po kosmologicheskim nablyudeniyam sputnika WMAP.

Vypusk 45. 26-31 maya 2003

astro-ph/0305460 Trehmernoe modelirovanie atmosfernyh neitrino (A 3-d simulation of the atmospheric neutrinos)
Authors: J.Favier, R.Kossakowski, J.P Vialle
Comments: 43 pages with 34(!) figures

Atmosfernye neitrino - neitrino, kotorye registriruyut po ih vzaimodeistviyam s yadrami atomov zemnoi atmosfery i po voznikayushih pri etom atmosfernyh livnyah. Eta oblast' ochen' interesna i vazhna. Naprimer, imenno dannye po atmosfernym neitrino dolgoe vremya (do togo kak eto bylo podtverzhdeno drugimi dannymi) sluzhimi osnovnym argumentom v pol'zu gipotezy ob oscillyacii neitrino. Eksperiment AMS, provedennyi na bortu Shattla, kotoromu posvyashena chast' dannoi stat'i, takzhe interesen.

Odnako, prochitat' ili hotya by prosmotret' dannuyu rabotu hochetsya ne po etomu. Ona prinadlezhit k redkomu klassu publikuemyh rabot, kotoryi mozhno nazvat' "nauchnym komiksom" - 34 stranicy etogo 43 stranichnogo obzora zanimayut risunki, grafiki, illyustracii.


Traktoriya dvizheniya protona s energiei 5 GeV, rodivshegosya na rassoyanii 6 radiusov Zemli ot ee centra, no nikogda ne dostigayushego ee poverhnosti (iz-za magnitnogo polya)

Vypusk 44. 17-23 maya 2003

astro-ph/0305302 Rezul'taty s Baikal'skogo neitrinnogo teleskopa (Results from the BAIKAL neutrino telescope)
Authors: R.Wischnewski (for the Baikal collaboration)
Comments: 4 pages, 7 figures, contribution to the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Tsukuda, Japan, July 31 - August 7, 2003

Na glubine 1.1 km neskol'ko mesyacev v godu rabotaet Baikal'skii neitrinnyi eksperiment. V ochen' korotkoi zametke summirovany rezul'taty nablyudenii za 1999 g.. dany novye verhnie predely na kolichestvo neitrino sverhvysokih energii, neitrino ot WIMPs (weakli interacting massive particles - chasticy temnoi materii), a takzhe dano kratkoe opisanie rasshirennoi versii teleskopa - NT200+ - rezul'taty raboty kotoroi seichas obrabatyvayutsya.


(Arhiv Neitrino:
v.2, 2004, v.1, 2002-2003)

Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami: astrofizika - obzory - astro-ph
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