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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph) 2003

Solnechnaya sistema
(Arhiv Solnechnaya sistema:
v.2, 2004, v.1, 2002-2003)

Vypusk 58. 01-17 oktyabrya 2003

obzor astro-ph/0310218 Prilivnaya dissipaciya vo vrashayushihsya planetah-gigantah (Tidal dissipation in rotating giant planets)
Authors: G.I.Ogilvie, D.N.C.Lin
Comments: 74 pages, 12 figures, subm. ApJ

Rech' idet o planetah-gigantah v Solnechnoi sisteme. Okazyvaetsya ochen' mnogo informacii o nih, v chastnosti o ih vnutrennem stroenii, mozhno poluchit' izuchaya prilivy, kotorye vyzyvayut na etih planetah ih naibolee massivnye sputniki.

V dannom obzore vy naidete vse: teoriyu staticheskih i dinamicheskih prilivov (prilivnyh oscillyacii), rezul'taty chislennogo modelirovaniya i, konechno, prilozhenie k ekzoplanetam.

Rezul'tat modelirovaniya prilivnogo otklika tverdotel'no vrashayusheisya planety.


astro-ph/0310379 Issledovanie effekta "chernoi kapli" pri prohozhdenii Merkuriya do disku Solnca iz kosmosa (Space Studies of the Black-Drop Effect at a Mercury Transit)
Authors: G. Schneider, J. M. Pasachoff, L. Golub
Comments: 3 pages, 1 figure

Prohozhdeniya Merkuriya i Venery po disku Solnca dostatochno redki. V XX veke bylo 15 prohozhdenii Merkuriya, v XXI budet eshe 14. Dva poslednih prohozhdeniya Merkuriya proizoshli 15 noyabrya 1999 i 7 maya 2003. V stat'e opisany nablyudeniya black-drop effekta (doslovno - effekta "chernoi kapli") pri v etih dvuh prohozhdeniyah.

Effekt "chernoi kapli": nalichie atmosfery vyzyvaet poyavlenie chernoi peremychki, soedinyayushei limb planety s kraem Solnca v moment vtorogo kontakta.

Nablyudeniya velis' na sputnike TRACE (Transition Region and Coronal Explorer). Sushestvovanie black-drop effekta svyazano s nalichiem na Merkurii ostatkov atmosfery.

Nablyudatel'nye dannye: prohozhdenie Merkuriya vblizi vtorogo kontakta.

Stendovyi doklad o dannyh nablyudeniyah (v vide odnoi bol'shoi kartinki) mozhno posmotret' zdes': http://nicmosis.as.arizona.edu:8000/POSTERS/TOM1999.jpg.



Vypusk 57. 22-30 sentyabrya

astro-ph/0309653 Propan na Titane (Propane on Titan)
Authors: H.G.Roe et al.
Comments: accepted to ApJL 18 September 2003

V atmosfere sputnika Saturna Titana vpervye obnaruzhen propan (C3H8). Spektral'nye linii izlucheniya propana prishlos' vydelyat' sredi mnozhestva drugih stratosfernyh linii - eto ochen' slozhnaya spektrometricheskaya zadacha s kotoroi prekrasno spravilis' amerikanskie astronomy.


obzor astro-ph/0309805 O potoke pyli iz-za predelov Solnechnoi sistemy v atmosfere Zemli (On the Flux of Extra-Solar Dust in Earth's Atmosphere)
Authors: Norman Murray et al.
Comments: 62 pages, 8 figures, appear in ApJ

Ogromnyi obzor - pervyi za dolgoe vremya po dannomu voprosu.

Pylinki mikronnogo razmera, vletayushie v Solnechnuyu sistemu, registriruyutsya iskusstvennymi sputnikam. Sledy sgoraniya bolee krupnyh chastic v atmosfere obnaruzhivayut radary (v Aresibo i v Novoi Zelandii). A sam obzor posvyashen vozmozhnoi prirode i istochnikam takih pylinok.


Vypusk 54 23-31 avgusta 2003
astro-ph/0308467 Raspredelenie transneptunovyh tel po razmeram (The Size Distribution of Trans-Neptunian Bodies)
Authors: G.M.Bernstein et al.

Transneptunovyh tela obrazuyut vneshnii poyas asteroidov (kotoryi eshe nazyvayut poyasom Koipera). V dannoi rabote privedeny rezul'taty prosmotra 0.02 kvadratnyh gradusa neba v ploskosti Solnechnoi sistemy. Nablyudeniya provodilis' s Habblovskogo teleskopa (imenno poetomu oblast' takaya malen'kaya). Iskalis' ob'ekty udalennye ot Solnca na 25 a.e. i bolee (dlya predel'noi zvezdnoi velichiny m=29.5 eto sootvetstvuet diametru ob'ekta poryadka 15 km). Nablyudeniya prodolzhalis' 22 tys. sekund. V ih hode byli naideny tri novyh ob'ekta, samyi slabyi iz kotoryh imel zvezdnuyu velichinu m=28.3 (t.e. diametr okolo 25 km).

No samyi vazhnyi rezul'tat eto podtverzhdenie i prodlenie funkcii mass na nizhnei granicy raspredeleniya transneptunovyh ob'ektov dN/dm~100.63.


Vypusk 51. 21-31 iyulya 2003

astro-ph/0307543 Vazhnost' biologicheski aktivnogo ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniya Polyarnyh siyanii: stohasticheskoe obluchenie Zemli i Marsa kosmicheskimi vzryvami (Importance of Biologically Active Aurora-like Ultraviolet Emission: Stochastic Irradiation of Earth and Mars by Flares and Explosions)
Authors: David S. Smith, John Scalo, J. Craig Wheeler
Comments: 21 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere

Ochen' prostaya i krasivaya ideya: atmosfera Zemli i dazhe Marsa zaderzhivaet bOl'shuyu chast' zhestkogo izlucheniya ot razlichnyh kosmicheskih istochnikov (v pervuyu ochered' ot Solnca). Odnako zametnaya dolya energii etih chastic mozhet byt' pereizluchena vtorichnymi elektronami v rezul'tate processov Komptonovskogo rasseyaniya i rentgenovskogo fotopoglosheniya v biologicheski i himicheski aktivnoe ul'trafioletovoe izluchenie. Dolya pereizluchennoi energii mozhet dostigat' 1% dazhe s uchetom vozdeistviya ozonovogo sloya, t.e. solnechnye vspyshki okazyvali na pervichnye zemnye organizmy gorazdo bolee sil'noe mutacionnoe vozdeistvie, chem schitalos' ranee.


Obshaya shema preobrazovaniya energichnyh chastic v verhnei atmosfere Zemli ili Marsa.


Vypusk 48. 23-30 iyunya 2003


astro-ph/0306605 Dvoistvennoe proishozhdenie zemnoi atmosfery (The Dual Origin of the Terrestrial Atmosphere)
Authors: Nicolas Dauphas
Comments: Icarus, in press, 31 pages, 6 tables, and 6 figures

Proishozhdenie atmosfery Zemli neizvestno. Dlya proverki gipotez obychno ispol'zuyut inertnye gazy, t.k. oni, estestvenno, himicheski inertny i pokryvayut bol'shoi diapazon atomnyh mass. I zdes' nachinayutsya problemy. Odna iz nih - atmosfernyi ksenon. Ego ne hvataet po sravneniyu s kriptonom (t.n. "missing xenon paradox").

Avtor predlagaet "dvoistvennuyu model'". Ee sostavlyayushie: frakcionirovannye gazy tumannosti i komety, padavshie na Zemlyu. Ideya sostoit v tom, chto lyubaya frakcionirovannaya model' daet vysokoe otnoshenie soderzhaniya ksenona k kriptonu. Eto nado kompensirovat' (t.k. nablyudaetsya drugoe otnoshenie). Kometnoe veshestvo harakterizuetsya nizkim otnosheniem Xe/Kr. "Smeshannaya" atmosfera po svoemu sostavu kak raz sootvetstvuet nablyudeniyam.

Vypusk 45. 26-31 maya 2003

astro-ph/0305519 Migraciya trans-neptunovyh ob'ektov k planetam zemnoi gruppy (Migration of Trans-Neptunian Objects to the Terrestrial Planets)
Authors: S. I. Ipatov and J. C. Mather
Comments: International workshop "First Decadal Review of the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt - Towards New Frontiers"

Problema imeet vpolne nasushnuyu vazhnost' - trans-neptunovye ob'ekty poyasa Koipera - samyi bol'shoi rezervuar asteroidov i komet v Solnechnoi sisteme. Migraciya dazhe maloi ih chasti k planetam zemnoi gruppy mozhet imet' sushestvennuyu asteroidnuyu opasnost'. Podobnoi migracii v pervuyu ochered' podverzheny ob'ekty na ellipticheskih orbitah, perigelii kotoryi blizki k orbite Yupitera. Modelirovanie 13000 podobnyh ob'ektov pokazalo, chto primerno 0.1% iz nih budut peresekat' orbitu Zemli.

astro-ph/0305420 Zondirovanie granicy Solnechnoi sistemy: obrazovanie neustoichivyh struinyh sloev (Probing the Edge of the Solar System: Formation of an Unstable Jet-Sheet)
Authors: M.Opher et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL

Ochertit' granicu Solnechnoi sistemy ochen' neprosto: problema v opredelenii. Bezuslovno, ona ne zakanchivaetsya za orbitoi Plutona (kstati, Neptun inogda nahoditsya dal'she Plutona). Odnim iz vozmozhnyh variantov yavlyaetsya granica, za kotoroi gravitacionnoe vliyanie Solnca sravnivaetsya s vliyaniem drugih zvezd (oblako Oorta primerno ocherchivaet etu granicu). Drugoi variant svyazan ne s povedeniem otdel'nyh massivnyh tel, a s povedeniem gazovoi sostavlyayushei - s mezhplanetnoi sredoi. Gde-to prohodit granica mezhdu mezhplanetnoi i mezhzvezdnoi sredoi, prichem raspolagaetsya ona "sovsem nedaleko". V etom meste veshestvo solnechnogo vetra nachinaet vzaimodeistvovat' s mezhzvezdnoi sredoi. V rezul'tate etogo vzaimodeistviya v tom napravlenii kuda (otnositel'no mezhzvezdnoi sredy) dvizhetsya Solnce, voznikaet lobovaya udarnaya volna, a vokrug Solnca formiruetsya zamknutaya global'naya geliosfera. Eta teoreticheskaya kartina, postroennaya na bol'shom chisle rabot sdelannyh v poslednie gody i desyatiletiya (sm. naprimer stat'i Baranova v Sorosovskom obrazovatel'nom zhurnale).

Seichas k etoi kartine dobavlyaetsya novyi eksperimental'nyi shtrih - dva zapushennyh v 1973 g. kosmicheskih apparata "Voyadzher-1" i "Voyadzher-2" uspeshno vypolnili svoi unikal'nye raznostoronnie missii i na segodnyashnii den' udalilis' ot Solnca na 69 i 87 astronomicheskih edinic.

Novye dannye, poluchennye v tom chisle i s etih apparatov, ukazyvayut na to, chto na granice Solnechnoi sistemy formiruyutsya neustoichivye sdvigovye sloi, v kotoryh strui veshestva dvizhutsya ochen' slozhnym obrazom. Avtory dannoi stat'i proveli magnitogidrodinamicheskoe modelirovanie dannoi oblasti. Nekotorye iz rezul'tatov ih raschetov pokazany nizhe.


Magnitnoe pole Solnechnoi sistemy

Analogichnye yavleniya, tol'ko bolee sil'nye, mozhno ozhidat' v geliosferah massivnyh zvezd klassa O.

Vypusk 43. 12-16 maya 2003

astro-ph/0305156 Pervichny li dvoinye ob'ekty poyasa Koipera ? (KBO binaries: are they really primordial ?)
Authors: Jean-Marc Petit, Olivier Mousis
Comments: Submitted to Icarus, Mai 9th, 2003

Dvoinye ob'ekty poyasa Koipera obladayut shirokimi orbitami i bol'shimi otnosheniyami mass v parah. Sushestvuyut li eti pary s epohi formirovaniya Solnechnoi sistemy, ili oni obrazovalis' v rezul'tate zahvata ili udarnogo razrusheniya? Modelirovanie pokazyvaet, chto pri razlichnyh otnosheniyah mass i udalenii komponentov 25-35% par razrushayutsya v poyase Koipera za vremya zhizni Solnechnoi sistemy. K sozhaleniyu do sih por ne predlozheno ni odnogo real'nogo mehanizma formirovaniya takih dvoinyh ob'ektov v sovremennom poyase Koipera, poetomu prihoditsya privlekat' gipotezu ob ih pervichnoi prirode (t.e. schitat', chto na rannih etapah evolyucii Solnechnoi sistemy obrazovanie dvoinyh bylo bolee veroyatnym, no mehanizm formirovaniya par ne yasen i tam). Esli dvoinye v poyase Koipera imeyut preimushestvenno pervichnoe proishozhdenie, to poterya massy ob'ektami Koipera ne mozhet vyzyvat'sya stolknoveniyami, a dolzhna porozhdat'sya processami vybrosa veshestva.


Vypusk 41. 25-30 aprelya 2003


astro-ph/0304543 Meteory i meteornye potoki tysyachu let nazad (Meteors And Showers A Millennium Ago)
Authors: Sang-Hyeon Ahn
Comments: 3 figures, 5 figures, MNRAS accepted for publication, KIAS-P03032

Izvestno, chto po drevnim hronikam mozhno uznat' o solnechnyh zatmeniyah, poyavlenii novyh i sverhnovyh, o kometah i t.d. A o meteorah? A pozhaluista!

Po issledovaniyam hronik dinastii Korio (Koryo) 918-1392 gg. avtor pytaetsya vosstanovit' meteornuyu aktivnost' v to vremya. Okazyvaetsya, chto Perseidy, Leonidy i eta-akvaridy/orionidy horosho nablyudalis' v to vremya. Ispol'zovanie drugih hronik (Koreya, Kitai, Yaponiya, Arabskie strany) podtverzhdaet dannye vyvody.

Vypusk 40. 20-25 aprelya 2003

astro-ph/0304396 Razmery ob'ektov poyasa Koipera i rasstoyaniya do nih po nablyudeniyam pokrytii (Kuiper Belt Object Sizes and Distances from Occultation Observations)
Authors: Asantha Cooray
Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures, To appear in ApJ Letters

Seichas provoditsya mnogo nablyudenii po opredeleniyu parametrov ob'ektov poyasa Koipera po ih pokrytiyam zvezd. Odnako, po krivoi bleska nel'zya opredelit' razmer, ne znaya rasstoyaniya. Mozhno sozdat' set' teleskopov, kotorye krome vsego prochego budut izmeryat' skorost', no tut est' svoi trudnosti. Avtor opisyvaet, kak mozhno oboiti etu problemu. Vyhod, pravda, dovol'no dorogoi - special'nyi sputnik.


astro-ph/0304381 Oblaka pyli, sozdannoi soudareniyami, vokrug Galileevyh sputnikov Yupitera (Impact-Generated Dust Clouds Surrounding the Galilean Moons)
Authors: Harald Kruger et al.
Comments: Icarus, in press, 46 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables

Orbital'nyi modul' kosmicheskogo apparata Galileo v nastoyashee vremya issleduet sistemu sputnikov Yupitera. On peremeshaetsya vblizi planety, priblizhayas' to k odnomu iz sputnikov, to k drugomu. (Podrobnee ob issledovanii sputnikov mozhno prochitat' zdes'.)

Vo vremya proletov ryadom s chetyr'mya samymi krupnymi sputnikami Yupitera, otkrytymi eshe Galileem, Io, Evropoi, Ganimedom i Kallisto, bylo sdelano neozhidannoe otkrytie. Datchik mikrometeoritov zafiksiroval pylevye oblaka vokrug kazhdogo iz etih sputnikov. Oni ochen' razryazhennye i s Zemli ne zametny. Koncentraciya pylinok bystro ubyvaet s udaleniem ot sputnikov i na rasstoyanii poryadka 5 radiusov ob'ekta prakticheski shodit na net. Razmery chastic ot 1 do 0.5 mikron.

Plotnost' i parametry chastic v etih oblakah horosho soglasuyutsya s dinamicheskoi model'yu, v kotoroi eti oblaka porozhdayutsya pri stolknoveniyah (t.e. v rezul'tate padeniya na poverhnost' sputnikov nebol'shih meteornyh tel).


Vypusk 39. 12-18 aprelya 2003

astro-ph/0304319 Populyacii kometoobraznyh tel v Solnechnoi sisteme (The Populations of Comet-Like Bodies in the Solar system)
Authors: J. Horner et al.
Comments: MNRAS, in press, 11 pages, 6 figures (1 available as postscript, 5 as gif). Higher resolution figures available at http://www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/users/WynEvans/preprints.pdf

Sredi astronomov, izuchayushih Solnechnuyu sistemu, Arhiv ne pol'zuetsya bol'shoi populyarnost'yu. Poetomu v nashim obzorah tak malo statei po etoi tematike, i my stremimsya obrashat' vnimanie na takie stat'i, esli oni poyavlyayutsya, t.k. po oprosam issledovaniya Solnechnoi sistemy dovol'no populyarny.

V stat'e rech' idet o klassifikacii kometoobraznyh tel vklyuchaya "kentavrov" (malye tela mezhdu Saturnom i Neptunom) i ob'ekty poyasa Koipera (zaneptunovye ob'ekty). Dlya ob'ektov, lezhashih vblizi ploskosti ekliptiki (i vne orbity Marsa) ispol'zuetsya klassifikaciya, osnovannaya na planetah, kontroliruyushih dvizhenie vblizi afeliya i perigeliya. Naprimer, SN budet oznachat', chto afelii lezhit vblizi orbity Neptuna, a perigelii vblizi orbity Saturna. Komety zhe delyatsya na 4 bolee-menee tradicionnyh tipa: Enke-podobnye, korotkoperiodicheskie, promezhutochnye i dolgoperiodicheskie. Takaya klassifikaciya, po mneniyu avtorov, mozhet byt' ochen' polezna naprimer pri chislennom modelirovanii malyh tel Solnechnoi sistemy, chto oni i illyustriruyut na primerah.


(Arhiv Solnechnaya sistema:
v.2, 2004, v.1, 2002-2003)

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