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Seminar dlya lektorov planetariev i uchitelei
v GAISh MGU


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  • 17.02.2006. Krutyatsya diski
  • 15.02.2006. Inye temnye galaktiki
  • 08.02.2006. Massivnoe skoplenie krasnyh sverhgigantov
  • 30.01.2006. Rentgenovskie istochniki v centre Galaktiki
  • 27.01.2006. Samaya malen'kaya ekzoplaneta

    Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora


    Stat'i nedeli
    "Luchshie iz luchshih"

  • astro-ph/0602450
    Znachitel'noe pervichnoe zvezdoobrazovanie na krasnyh smesheniyah z ~ 3-4
  • astro-ph/0602501
    Opticheskaya registraciya dvuh kompan'onov pul'sarov v dvoinyh sistemah promezhutochnyh mass
  • astro-ph/0602552
    Vozmozhnoe otkrytie novogo ostatka sverhnovoi v Cefee: obnaruzhenie edva vidimoi obolochki po rezul'tatam pervogo galakticheskogo obzora Spitcera

    Otdel'nye stat'i
  • Ogranicheniya na galakticheskie chernye dyry promezhutochnyh mass
  • Sil'noe infrakrasnoe izluchenie ot ekzoplanety HD189733b
  • Znachitel'noe pervichnoe zvezdoobrazovanie na krasnyh smesheniyah z ~ 3-4
  • Atmosfery ekzoplanet-gigantov
  • Rassmotrenie zvezdnoi nachal'noi funkcii mass
  • OV-zvezdy v okrestnosti Solnca I: Analiz prostranstvennogo raspredeleniya
  • Opticheskaya registraciya dvuh kompan'onov pul'sarov v dvoinyh sistemah promezhutochnyh mass
  • Vozmozhnoe otkrytie novogo ostatka sverhnovoi v Cefee: obnaruzhenie edva vidimoi obolochki po rezul'tatam pervogo galakticheskogo obzora Spitcera
  • Ekzoplaneta, vrashayushayasya vokrug HD73526 v rezonanse 2:1
  • Rasstoyanie po cefeidam do galaktik so sverhnovymi Ia po dannym o peresmotrennom fotometricheskom nul'-punkte HST-WFPC2 i na osnove novyh sootnoshenii period-svetimost' i novyh popravok za metallichnost'
  • Evolyuciya sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr
  • Kosmicheskie struny


    Iz razdela physics
  • Vozmozhnye korrelyacii mezhdu variaciyami kosmicheskih luchei i atmosfernymi parametrami
  • Fotonnye kollaidery: pervye 25 let


    Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov.

    Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g.

    Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.):
    kosmologiya,
    neitrino,
    kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya,
    galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary,
    nasha Galaktika,
    mezhzvezdnaya sreda,
    zvezdy,
    sverhnovye,
    ostatki sverhnovyh,
    chernye dyry,
    neitronnye zvezdy,
    linzirovanie,
    Solnce,
    ekzoplanety,
    Solnechnaya sistema,
    akkreciya,
    tesnye dvoinye sistemy,
    gamma-vspleski,
    gravitacionnye volny,
    mehanizmy izlucheniya,
    chislennoe modelirovanie,
    dinamika, mehanika
    metody obrabotki dannyh,
    MGD,
    metody nablyudenii,
    budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty,
    prochee.


    Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
    Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah.
    Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph 2001-2003 gg.
  • Obzory preprintov astro-ph

    Vypusk N129
    astro-ph za 20 - 28 fevralya 2006 goda: izbrannye stat'i

    Referaty otdel'nyh statei



    astro-ph/0602388 Ogranicheniya na galakticheskie chernye dyry promezhutochnyh mass (Constraints on Galactic Intermediate Mass Black Holes)
    Authors: M. Mapelli, A. Ferrara, N. Rea
    Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

    Chernye dyry promezhutochnyh mass mogli poyavit'sya v Galaktike v process ee obrazovaniya. Eto vozmozhno, t.k. samye pervye zvezdy mogli porozhdat' takie kompaktnye ob'ekty. Potom dyry voshli by v sostav galo Mlechnogo Puti vo vremya t.n. ierarhicheskogo skuchivaniya. Vazhno popytat'sya ponyat', mnogo li takih chernyh dyr na samom dele letaet v galo.

    Avtory ispol'zuyut takoi podhod. Oni pytayutsya ocenit', kakaya dolya takih chernyh dyr proyavlyala by sebya kak yarkie rentgenovskie istochniki iz-za akkrecii mezhzvezdnoi sredy vo vremya peresecheniya galakticheskogo diska. Nablyudeniya govoryat, chto ni odnogo yarkogo ob'ekta, kotoryi mog by byt' takoi dyroi, my ne vidim. Znachit, mozhno popytat'sya dat' ogranichenie na polnoe chislo chernyh dyr promezhutochnyh mass v galo.

    Vrode by vse prosto. Na samom dele, vo-pervyh, zadacha dovol'no model'nozavisimaya. Vo-vtoryh, vazhny detali vzaimodeistviya chernoi dyry s mezhzvezdnoi sredoi (v chastnosti, progrev). So vtoroi chast'yu avtory voobshe ne ochen' ceremonyatsya, vybiraya dovol'no effektivnuyu akkreciyu bez ucheta progreva. Chto zhe kasaetsya modelei raspredeleniya chernyh dyr, to tut bolee akkuratno rassmotreno neskol'ko variantov.

    V itoge vse-taki ne poluchaetsya sdelat' dostatochno sil'nye ogranicheniya. Tem ne menee, podhod dostatochno interesnyi. I avtory polagayut, chto eto samye sil'nye nablyudatel'nye ogranicheniya. Odnako, kak mne kazhetsya, prenebrezhenie detalyami vzaimodeistviya izlucheniya chernoi dyry s mezhzvezdnoi sredoi i drugimi effektami delaet rezul'tat menee yarkim.


    astro-ph/0602443 Sil'noe infrakrasnoe izluchenie ot ekzoplanety HD189733b (Strong Infrared Emission from the Extrasolar Planet HD189733b)
    Authors: Drake Deming et al.
    Comments: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted for ApJ

    Po rezul'tatam nablyudenii na kosmicheskom infrakrasnom sputnike im. Spitcera obnaruzheno sil'noe IK izluchenie odnoi iz t.n. tranzitnyh ekzoplanet. "Tranzitnaya" znachit, chto planeta to prohodit po disku zvezdy, a to skryvaetsya za nei. T.e. povedenie sistemy pohozhe na zatmennye dvoinye peremennye zvezdy. U krivyh bleska takih zvezd est' dva minimuma, svyazannye s zatmeniyami kazhdogo iz komponent drugim. Takoe zhe yavlenie nablyudaetsya i v sisteme HD189733 s ekzoplanetoi. Imenno izuchenie vtorogo minimuma i pozvolyaet utverzhdat' o tom, chto planeta vnosit zametnyi (hotya i nebol'shoi - menee odnogo procenta) vklad v obshii potok IK izlucheniya ot sistemy.

    Eto blizkaya sistema, nahodyashayasya v 19 pk ot nas. Ya uzhe rasskazyval ranee o podobnyh registraciyah IK izlucheniya planet po zatmeniyam. Odnako dannyi sluchai interesen tem, chto izluchenie planety na poryadok bol'she, chem v drugih sluchayah.

    Etomu rezul'tatu posvyashena podrobnaya zametka na Granyah.Ru.


    astro-ph/0602450 Znachitel'noe pervichnoe zvezdoobrazovanie na krasnyh smesheniyah z ~ 3-4 (Significant primordial star formation at redshifts z ~ 3-4)
    Authors: Raul Jimenez, Zoltan Haiman
    Comments: Nature in press, March 23rd issue.

    Est' chetyre gruppy nablyudenii, govoryashie o tom, chto zvezdy na z=3-4 izluchayut bol'she ul'trafioletovyh (UF) fotonov, chem mozhno ozhidat' ot normal'nogo zvezdnogo naseleniya. Dlya kazhdogo iz chetyreh sluchaev predlozheny svoi ob'yasneniya. Avtory stat'i pokazyvayut, chto predlozhennye scenarii ploho sovmestimy drug s drugom, i vydvigayut svoi.

    Ideya v tom, chto nuzhno predpolozhit', chto v etih galaktikah est' dovol'no mnogo (10-30 procentov) zvezd s pervichnym himicheskim sostavom, t.e. eshe neobogashennyh tyazhelymi elementami. Dlya etogo nuzhno, chtoby veshestvo v galaktikah ploho peremeshivalos'. V sovremennyh modelyah predpolagaetsya horoshee peremeshivanie, t.e., esli kakaya-to oblast' mezhzvezdnoi sredy obogatilas' tyazhelymi elementami (iz-za vzryvov sverhnovyh, naprimer), to eto veshestvo bystro "raspovsyuzhivaetsya" po okrestnostyam, i novye zvezdy formiruyutsya iz uzhe obogashennogo gaza. Vozmozhno, chto modeli nado peresmotret'.


    obzor astro-ph/0602468 Atmosfery ekzoplanet-gigantov (Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets)
    Authors: Mark S. Marley et al.
    Comments: 16 pages, 8 figures; invited review, Protostars and Planets V (Hawai, October 2005)

    Obzor po atmosferam ekzoplanet-gigantov. Krome teorii i planov na budushee opisany i rezul'taty real'nyh izmerenii. Ved' dlya nekotoryh planet (naprimer, dlya tranzitnyh, sm. vyshe) udaetsya poluchat' pryamye dannye po svoistvam atmosfer!


    miniobzor astro-ph/0602469 Rassmotrenie zvezdnoi nachal'noi funkcii mass (Understanding the Stellar Initial Mass Function)
    Authors: Richard B. Larson
    Comments: 5 pages, text only. Invited talk presented at the 11th Latin American Regional IAU Meeting, Pucon, Chile, December 2005. To be published by Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica

    Obsuzhdayutsya svoistva funkcii mass zvezd. Avtor osobo vydelyaet nalichie maksimuma na massah poryadka neskol'kih desyatyh massy Solnca i stepennoi hvost v storonu bol'shih mass, pohozhii na predlozhennuyu v 1955 g. original'nuyu (i do sih por ochen' chasto ispol'zuemuyu) Salpiterovskuyu funkciyu mass.

    Nablyudaemye parametry uvyazyvayutsya so svoistvami modeli zvezdoobrazovaniya. Nalichie maksimuma na spektre mass (t.e. vydelennoi massy) mozhet mnogoe rasskazat' o mehanizme (tochnee, o mehanizmah) zvezdoobrazovaniya. Esli massy zvezd (s massami menee odnoi solnechnoi) opredelyayutsya dzhinsovskoi massoi v kollapsiruyushem oblake, to nado ponyat', chto opredelyaet dzhinsovskuyu massu. Vazhnyi moment - temperatura. T.e. izmeneniya temperatury (v tom chisle i vo vremya kollapsa) mogut imet' bol'shoe znachenie. V 1985 godu Larson vyskazal gipotezu, chto kriticheskaya massa, sootvetstvuyushaya maksimumu, opredelyaetsya tem, chto est' vydelennaya dzhinsovskaya massa, pri kotoroi proishodit "temperaturnoe svyazyvanie" gaza i pyli. V predlagaemom obzore obsuzhdaetsya eta situaciya i privodyatsya dannye nedavnih chislennyh eksperimentov, podtverzhdayushih gipotezu.

    Krome togo, kratko obsuzhdaetsya i povedenie funkcii mass dlya massivnyh zvezd. Tam situaciya inaya. Massa opredelyaetsya uzhe ne stol'ko fragmentaciei, skol'ko posleduyushei akkreciei.

    Otdel'no obsuzhdaetsya funkciya mass zvezd v samoi central'noi oblasti nashei Galaktiki. Iz-za vysokoi temperatury pyli tam nevozmozhno formirovanie malomassivnyh zvezd. Vse eto privodit k tomu, chto funkciya mass sil'no obogashena massivnymi zvezdami i imeet nebol'shoi naklon.


    astro-ph/0602004 OV-zvezdy v okrestnosti Solnca I: Analiz prostranstvennogo raspredeleniya (OB Stars in the Solar Neighborhood I: Analysis of their Spatial Distribution)
    Authors: F. Elias, J. Cabrera-Cano, E.J. Alfaro
    Comments: 28 pages including 9 Postscript figures, one of them in color. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal, 30 January 2006

    Stat'ya horosho illyustriruet, s kakimi trudnosyatmi stalkivayutsya astronomy, izuchaya dazhe "udobnye" ob'ekty.

    Avtory stroyat model' raspredeleniya massivnyh zvezd v okrestnosti Solnca. Rech' idet o rasstoyaniyah do 1 kpk i zvezdah spektral'nyh klassov O-V. Kak izvestno, v nashei okrestnosti dominiruet t.n. Poyas Gulda. Sotvetstvenno, avtory stroyat dvuhkomponentnuyu model', v kotoroi zvezdy vhodyat ili v galakticheskii disk ili v Poyas.

    Zadacha sostoit v tochnom opredelenii parametrov modeli. Prihoditsya uchityvat' mnogochislennye selekcionnye effekty. Po suti, avtory razrabotali novyi metod raboty s podobnymi dannymi. Tem ne menee, model' vse ravno ostaetsya lish' priblizhennym opisanie deistvitel'nosti...


    astro-ph/0602501 Opticheskaya registraciya dvuh kompan'onov pul'sarov v dvoinyh sistemah promezhutochnyh mass (Optical Detection of Two Intermediate Mass Binary Pulsar Companions)
    Authors: B. A. Jacoby et al.
    Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL

    Na krupnom nazemnom teleskope v observatorii im. Magellana avtory proveli poisk opticheskogo izlucheniya ot shesti belyh karlikov, yavlyayushihsya kompan'onami radiopul'sarov. Ne vse eti pul'sary yavlyayutsya millisekundnymi. Odin - vpolne normal'nyi molodoi pul'sar (PSR J1141-6545). No uvidet' belyi karlik v optike udalos' tol'ko v dvuh sluchayah, i vo vseh nih kompan'onom yavlyaetsya millisekundnyi pul'sar. Oba etih sluchaya vydelyaet to, chto oni nahodyatsya dovol'no blizko ot nas (menee 1 kpk), tak chto bolee glubokie nablyudeniya mogut potom dat' polozhitel'nyi rezul'tat i dlya drugih sistem.

    Vse eto ochen' vazhno, t.k. dlya belyh karlikov mozhno opredelyat' vozrast, esli izvestna ih temperatura (i massa).


    astro-ph/0602552 Vozmozhnoe otkrytie novogo ostatka sverhnovoi v Cefee: obnaruzhenie edva vidimoi obolochki po rezul'tatam pervogo galakticheskogo obzora Spitcera (Tentative Discovery of a New Supernova Remnant in Cepheus: Unveiling an Elusive Shell in the Spitzer Galactic First Look Survey)
    Authors: Patrick W. Morris et al.
    Comments: 11 pages; accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters

    Ochen' interesnaya rabota. Eshe do togo, kak ya nachal chitat' svezhii vypusk eprintov, moe vnimanie na etu rabotu obratil Dmitrii Vibe.

    Po dannym obzora na kosmicheskom IK-teleskope im. Spitcera obnaruzhen chrezvychaino lyubopytnye ob'ekt. Priroda ego do konca neponyatna, no sushestvuet odna interesneishaya i dovol'no-taki veroyatnaya vozmozhnost': eto mozhet byt' ostatok sverhnovoi.

    Teleskop im. Spitcera rabotaet na orbite otnositel'no nedavno. Eto chetvertaya (i poslednyaya) iz t.n. Velikih observatorii NASA (drugie proekty: Kosmicheskii teleskop , Komptonovskaya gamma-observatoriya i Chandra). Chtoby prodemonstrirovat' vozmozhnosti isntrumenta byl proveden bystryi "prosmotr" Galaktiki (Galactic First Look Survey). Imenno v ramkah etogo obzora i poluchen obsuzhdaemyi rezul'tat.

    Nizhe pokazany tri izobrazheniya, poluchennye na Spitcere. Samoe nizhnee - eto izvestnyi ostatok sverhnovoi. Na srednem - novyi ob'ekt. Vidno, chto oni ochen' pohozhi. Odnako, na verhnem my ne vidim istochnika. Srednee i verhnee izobrazheniya otlichayutsya tem, chto polucheny na raznyh dlinah voln (na 24 i 8 mikronah). Eto dostatochno netipichno.


    Oblast', v kotoroi obnaruzhen novyi ob'ekt, na dline volny 8 mikron. Sama obolochka na etih dlinah voln ne vidna.


    Izobrazhenie otkrytogo ob'ekta na 24 mikronah.


    Izobrazhenie izvestnogo ostatka sverhnovoi, poluchennoe na Spitcere (po dannym arhiva sputnika).

    Po vsei vidimosti, eto v samom dele novyi interesnyi ostatok sverhnovoi. No, mozhet byt', eto planetarnaya tumannost'. Budem zhdat' novyh rezul'tatov po etomu istochniku.


    astro-ph/0602557 Ekzoplaneta, vrashayushayasya vokrug HD73526 v rezonanse 2:1 (The 2:1 resonant exoplanetary system orbiting HD73526)
    Authors: C.G. Tinney et al.
    Comments: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal

    Otkryta vtoraya planeta u zheltogo karlika HD73526. Period novoi planety 377 dnei, chto govorit o tom, chto ona vrashaetsya v rezonanse 2:1 s ranee izvestnoi planetoi (ee period utochnen i raven teper' 188 dnei). Sredi 18 sistem s dvumya i bolee planetami eto uzhe chetvertyi sluchai rezonansa 2:1. Eto pozvolyaet sdelat' vazhnye ogranicheniya na evolyuciyu planetnyh sistem (v chastnosti, na migraciyu planet).

    Sm. takzhe http://www.allplanets.ru/HD_73526.htm.


    astro-ph/0602572 Rasstoyanie po cefeidam do galaktik so sverhnovymi Ia po dannym o peresmotrennom fotometricheskom nul'-punkte HST-WFPC2 i na osnove novyh sootnoshenii period-svetimost' i novyh popravok za metallichnost' (Cepheid Distances to SNe Ia Host Galaxies based on a Revised Photometric Zero-Point of the HST-WFPC2 and New P-L Relations and Metallicity Corrections)
    Authors: A. Saha et al.
    Comments: 73 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

    Vot takoe dlinnoe nazvanie....

    Utochnenie shkaly rasstoyanii - eto trudneishaya zadacha. Ona ne reshaetsya za raz. Stat'ya - eto ocherednoi promezhutochnyi etap po ocenke rasstoyanii do dalekih galaktik na osnovanii dannyh o sverhnovyh tipa Ia. Dlya etogo nuzhno prokalibrovat' sverhnovye. Dlya etogo po cefeidam nado tochno opredelit' rasstoyaniya do galaktik, v kotoryh vidny eti sverhnovye. Togda ih mozhno budet ispol'zovat' dlya bolee dalekih galaktik, v kotoryh cefeidy uzhe ne vidny.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0602630 Evolyuciya sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Evolution of supermassive black holes)
    Authors: Marta Volonteri
    Comments: 11 pages, Extended version of the invited paper to appear in the Proceedings of the Conference "Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology - Einstein's Legacy"

    Nebol'shoi obzor po sverhmassivnym chernym dyram. Marta - sozdatel' odnogo iz kompleksa programm, rasschityvayushih process formirovaniya galaktik v modeli ierarhicheskogo skuchivaniya. Sootvetstvenno, obzor napisan "s etoi kolokol'ni". T.e. v osnovnom obsuzhdaetsya evolyuciya chernyh dyr: otkuda oni vzyalis', kak rosla ih massa, kak oni sebya proyavlyali na raznyh stadiyah evolyucii.


    obzor hep-th/0602276 Kosmicheskie struny (Cosmic Strings)
    Authors: Mairi Sakellariadou
    Comments: 42 pages, 7 figures, Chapter for the book "Quantum Simulations via Analogues: From Phase Transitions to Black Holes", to appear in Springer lecture notes in physics (LNP)

    Kosmicheskie struny, esli ne na kone, to vse pytayutsya na nego vzobrat'sya. Posle perioda entuziazma (let 20 nazad) nastupila pora skepsisa. Voobshe govorya, ona, na moi vzglyad, tak i ne zakonchilas', no avtor obzora polagaet inache. Pochemu, kakie interesnye vozmozhnosti mozhno pridumat' nesmotrya na zhestkie ogranicheniya - obo vsem etom v rabote Mairi Sakellariadou.




    My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).

    physics/0602043 Vozmozhnye korrelyacii mezhdu variaciyami kosmicheskih luchei i atmosfernymi parametrami (Possible correlation between cosmic ray variation and atmosphere parameters (present status and future activities at BEO Moussala and Alomar observatory))
    Authors: Alexander Mishev
    Comments: 18 pages, 13 figures; work supported under NATO grant EAP.RIG. 981843 and FP6 project BEOBAL

    Avtory planiruyut provodit' eksperimental'nye issledovaniya, dlya togo chtoby proyasnit' vozmozhnuyu svyaz' kosmicheskih luchei s zemnym klimatom.

    Po suti v stat'e ne predstavleny kakie-to chetkie rezul'taty. Skoree, lish' namereniya i opisaniya ustanovok i metodov. Tem ne menee, vse eto dovol'no interesno.

    Stat'ya takzhe soderzhit neplohoi kratkii obzor po kosmicheskim lucham.

    physics/0602172 Fotonnye kollaidery: pervye 25 let (Photon colliders: the first 25 years)
    Authors: V.I. Telnov
    Comments: Presented at Photon: Its First Hundred Years And The Future, includes PHOTON2005 and PLC2005, Warsaw and Kazimierz, Poland, 30 Aug - 8 Sep 2005, to be published in Acta Physica Polonica B, 21 pp, Latex, 8 .eps figures

    V "zheleze" fotonnyh kollaiderov poka net. No ideya ochen' interesnaya. Sobstvenno, v stat'e i opisana ideya i neprostaya istoriya ee razvitiya.

    Voobshe, konechno, fizika dvuhfotonnogo vzaimodeistviya izuchaetsya dostatochno davno. Kak yasno iz nazvaniya ideya kollaidera byla vyskazana 25 let nazad. Sut' vot v chem. Nuzhno poluchit' dostatochno bol'shoi potok fotonov vysokoi energii dlya obespecheniya vysokogo tempa dvuhfotonnyh reakcii. Dlya etogo mozhno ispol'zovat' komptonovskii effekt. Foton, ispushennyi lazerom, poluchaet dopolnitel'nuyu energiyu za schet vzaimodeistviya s elektronom vysokoi energii. Elektrony berutsya iz obychnogo uskoritel'nogo puchka.


    Na verhnem risunke privedena interesuyushaya nas shema (risunok s saita TESLA). Dva puchka elektronov svodyatsya v meste, gde takzhe est' fotony, ispuskaemye moshnym lazerom. Posle rasseyaniya fotony poluchayut energiyu poryadka energii elektronov i dvizhutsya v tochku IP, gde vzaimodeistvuyut drug s drugom.

    Stat'ya napisana ochen' interesno, i ya vsem sovetuyu ee prochest'.


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