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The R.A.P.Project "Prosto o slozhnom" "Astro-ph za 2005 g." Nemnogo statistiki Predydushii vypusk (N132) Slovar' astroterminov Spisok missii i teleskopov Obzory UFN Stat'i SOZh ANKa Dnya 07.04.2006. Disk vokrug anomal'nogo pul'sara 29.03.2006. Samyi dalekii gamma-vsplesk: mesto rozhdeniya 22.03.2006. Vega krutitsya volchkom 21.03.2006. Tri goda raboty WMAP 03.03.2006. S chem mozhno pereputat' sverhnovuyu? 01.03.2006. Neulovimyi ostatok sverhnovoi? Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora Stat'i nedeli "Luchshie iz luchshih" astro-ph/0604069 Nauchnaya programma "Planka" astro-ph/0604076 Ostatochnyi disk vokrug molodoi odinochnoi neitronnoi zvezdy astro-ph/06048153 Kollimirovanny li korotkie gamma-vspleski? GRB050709 - vspyshka, no bez zavala Otdel'nye stat'i 62-dnevnaya rentgenovskaya periodichnost' i rentgenovskaya vspyshka ot ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82 Modelirovanie metodom mnogih tel v al'ternativnyh teoriyah gravitacii Kompaktnaya sverhmassivnaya dvoinaya chernaya dyra Planetnoe mikrolinzirovanie: ot predskazaniya k otkrytiyu Nauchnaya programma "Planka" Ostatochnyi disk vokrug molodoi odinochnoi neitronnoi zvezdy Svyaz' mezhdu gamma-vspleskami i sverhnovymi: nablyudeniyai voprosy Zashishaya zhizn' v Mlechnom puti: metally uderzhivayut gamma-vspleski na rasstoyanii Razvitie observatorii P'era Ozhe i pervye rezul'taty Pervyi teleskop VERITAS Kollimirovanny li korotkie gamma-vspleski? GRB050709 - vspyshka, no bez zavala Energetika ostatkov sverhnovyh i magnitary: otsutstvie ukazanii v pol'zu protoneitronnyh zvezd s millisekundnymi periodami Nauchnaya programmy sputnika PAMELA Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov. Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g. Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.): kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee. Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki. Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah. Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph 2001-2003 gg. Obsudit' na forume Scientific.RU Obsudit' na forume Zvezdocheta Avtor proekta Sergei Popov Diskussii po stat'yam Arhiva PhysComments CosmoCoffee Postav'te u sebya nashu knopku! Proekt razmeshen na saitah: Smotri takzhe diskussii i blogi: Vy mozhet takzhe razmestit' na svoem saite nashu lentu obzorov Novostnye lenty Novosti astronomii ot PRAO Novosti kosmonavtiki Novosti ot UFN Astronomer.Ru Informnauka Researcher@ Elementy.Ru Grani.Ru Perst Podpiska na rassylku obzorov na Subscribe.Ru Druzhestvennye rassylki: "Astronomiya segodnya" "Astronomiya dlya shkol'nikov" "Okno vo Vselennuyu" Spisok astrorassylok

Obzory preprintov astro-ph Vypusk N133 astro-ph za 01 - 11 aprelya 2006 goda: izbrannye stat'i Referaty otdel'nyh statei astro-ph/0604029 62-dnevnaya rentgenovskaya periodichnost' i rentgenovskaya vspyshka ot ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82 (A 62 Day X-Ray Periodicity and an X-Ray Flare from the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source in M82) Authors: Philip Kaaret, Melanie G. Simet, Cornelia C. Lang Comments: 15 pages, one color figure, to appear in ApJ Ya uzhe rasskazyval ob otkrytii 62-dnevnogo orbital'nogo perioda u yarkogo istochnika v M82. Togda rasskaz osnovyvalsya na korotkoi zametke dlya zhurnala Science. Seichas zhe poyavilas' "polnorazmernaya" stat'ya, posvyashennaya detal'nomu issledovaniyu etogo ob'ekta. Itak, chto izvestno. Imeem dostatochno yarkii istochnik v galaktike M82. Esli schitat', chto on izluchaet sfericheski simmetrichno, to svetimost' poluchaetsya ravnoi 2.4 1040 erg/s. U istochnika otkryt orbital'nyi period okolo 62 dnei. Eto govorit o tom, chto kompan'on yavlyaetsya zvezdoi gigantom. Krome togo, ot istochnika nablyudalas' vspyshka prodolzhitel'nost'yu v neskol'ko dnei. Pri etom svetimost' (opyat' zhe, rasschitannaya dlya izotropnogo izlucheniya) vozrosla do 1041 erg/s. Dalee. Nablyudeniya na Chandre pokazali takzhe nalichie vtorogo istochnika. On tozhe dostatochno yarkii, chtoby ego klassificirovat' kak ul'tramoshnyi. Po vsei vidimosti, ot etogo vtorogo istochnika zaregistrirovany nizkochastotnye kvaziperiodicheskie oscillyacii (vyyasnit' eto napryamuyu neprosto, t.k. rezul'tat poluchen s pomosh'yu priborov sputnika RXTE, kotoryi obladaet plohim uglovym razresheniem). Analiz kompleksa dannyh ot etih dvuh ob'ektov pozvolyaet avtoram zaklyuchit', chto oba yavlyayutsya ochen' horoshimi kandidatami v chernye dyry promezhutochnyh mass. astro-ph/0604038 Modelirovanie metodom mnogih tel v al'ternativnyh teoriyah gravitacii (N-Body Simulations of Alternate Gravity Models) Authors: Hans F. Stabenau, Bhuvnesh Jain Comments: 21 pages, 8 figures Ochevidno, chto v al'ternativnyh teoriyah gravitacii obrazovanie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury budet idti ne sovsem tak, kak v standartnoi teorii. Vopros v tom "naskol'ko ne tak" i mozhno li eto uvidet' v nablyudeniyah. Avtory provodyat chislennyi schet, v kotorom gravitaciyu "podkrutili". Pokazano, chto analiz trehmernogo raspredeleniya galaktik mozhet pomoch' proverit' nekotorye iz predlagaemyh podhodov. O svyazi al'ternativnyh teorii i kosmologii sm. takzhe astro-ph/0604055. Tam rech' idet o tom, kak teoriya Bransa-Dikke mozhet reshit' problemu temnoi materii (hotya, kazhetsya, chto stat'ya nepravil'naya). astro-ph/0604042 Kompaktnaya sverhmassivnaya dvoinaya chernaya dyra (A Compact Supermassive Binary Black Hole System) Authors: C. Rodriguez et al. Comments: 34 pages, 7 figures, Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal Otkryta sistema iz dvuh sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr. Eto ne pervaya takaya sistema, i ya uzhe rasskazyval o nih ranee, dazhe ne raz. Odnako novaya sistema vydelyaetsya svoei kompaktnost'yu. Rasstoyanie mezhdu dyrami vsego 7.3 parseka! K sozhaleniyu, zhdat' sliyaniya prishlos' by dostatochno dolgo. Esli dyry budut teryat' uglovoi moment tol'ko za schet gravitacionnogo izlucheniya, to do sliyaniya celyh 1018 let. V centrah galaktik mozhno pridumat' neskol'ko sposobov, kak sokratit' eto vremya (naprimer, sistema mozhet sblizhat'sya iz-za dinamicheskogo treniya, ili zhe sistema budet vykidyvat' zvezdy, umen'shaya tem samym orbital'nyi moment). Vazhno, chto eta dvoinaya mozhet byt' pervoi lastochkoi sredi dvoinyh chernyh dyr s rasstoyaniem mezhdu komponentami poryadka neskol'kih parsek i men'she. Takie sistemy vazhny dlya planiruyushegosya kosmicheskogo interferometra LISA. miniobzor astro-ph/0604062 Planetnoe mikrolinzirovanie: ot predskazaniya k otkrytiyu (Planetary Microlensing: From Prediction to Discovery) Authors: Nicholas James Rattenbury Comments: Invited review for Modern Physics Letters A, accepted. 15 pages, 6 figures Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi poisku planet metodom mikrolinzirovaniya. Kak izvestno, neskol'ko planet (v tom chisle ochen' interesnye) uzhe obnaruzheny s pomosh'yu etoi metodiki. Tak chto stat'ya ne chisto teoreticheskaya. kniga astro-ph/0604069 Nauchnaya programma "Planka" (The Scientific Programme of Planck) Authors: The Planck Collaboration Comments: 152 pages Kniga, posvyashennaya nauchnoi programme sputnika "Plank". Kniga soderzhit tehnicheskoe opisanie sputnika, nekotorye osnovy, neobhodimye dlya ponimaniya suti nauchnoi programmy, i, nakonec, sami nauchnye zadachi, kotorye sputnik budet reshat'. Vozmozhno, chto mnogim budet nebezinteresno posmotret', kakie eshe zadachi, krome issledovaniya reliktovogo izlucheniya, stavyatsya pered etim proektom. astro-ph/0604076 Ostatochnyi disk vokrug molodoi odinochnoi neitronnoi zvezdy (A Debris Disk Around An Isolated Young Neutron Star) Authors: Zhongxiang Wang, Deepto Chakrabarty, David L. Kaplan Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Nature (6 Apr 2006) Ochen' vazhnoe otkrytie, o kotorom ya uslyshal eshe v avguste na konferencii v Vankuvere. Odnako, v Nature strogoe recenzirovanie, i, vidimo, avtoram prishlos' pomuchit'sya. Po dannym infrakrasnyh nablyudenii na Spitcere obnaruzhen disk vokrug odnogo iz anomal'nyh rentgenovskih pul'sarov (4U 0142+61). Disk legkii (okolo 10 mass Zemli). On ne sushestvenen v smysle akkrecii na neitronnuyu zvezdu. My vidim disk lish' potomu, chto on osveshaetsya potokom rentgenovskih luchei ot anomal'nogo pul'sara. To, chto eto disk, a ne obolochka, dokazyvaetsya tem, chto obolochka s takimi zhe infrakrasnymi harakteristikami, davala by slishkom bol'shoe pogloshenie v rentgenovskom i opticheskom diapazonah, chto ne nablyudaetsya. Disk dostatochno daleko otstoit ot neitronnoi zvezdy. Vnutrennii radius granicy diska sostyavlyaet neskol'ko radiusov Solnca, t.e. bolee milliona kilometrov (radius samoi neitronnoi zvezdy - okolo 10 km). Takie diski estestvennym obrazom dolzhny voznikat' v processe t.n. "obratnoi akkrecii" (fallback) posle vzryva sverhnovoi, kogda chast' veshestva ne uletaet "na beskonechnost'", a ili vypadaet obratno na neitronnuyu zvezdu, ili ostaetsya vrashat'sya vokrug nee v vide diska. Anomal'nye rentgenovskie pul'sary schitayutsya kandidatami v magnitary - sil'no zamagnichennye neitronnye zvezdy, rashoduyushie energiyu etogo polya. Dannoe otkrytie vo mnogom podderzhivaet etu gipotezu, t.k. okonchatel'no zakryvaet odnu iz al'ternativ - teoriyu, v kotoroi rol' istochnika energii igraet moshnyi disk vokrug neitronnoi zvezdy (ob etom mozhno koe-chto posmotret', naprimer, v moei prezentacii "Zoopark neitronnyh zvezd"). Infrakrasnye dannye est' eshe dlya treh anomal'nyh rentgenovskih pul'sarov. No tam oni (poka) ne stol' detal'ny. Mozhno ozhidat', chto takie ostatochnye diski yavlyayutsya obshim svoistvom etogo klassa odinochnyh neitronnyh zvezd. Bylo by interesno posmotret', mogut li takie diski perezhit' period stol' burnoi aktivnosti, kak te, chto nablyudayutsya i istochnikov myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov. Esli okazhetsya, chto ne mogut, to togda anomal'nye rentgenovskie pul'sary ne yavlyayutsya "starshimi brat'yami" (t.e. sleduyushei evolyucionnoi stadiei) istochnikov myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov. Krome togo, interesno posmotret', perezhil li by takoi disk stadiyu sushestvovaniya sverhzamagnichennoi bystrovrashayusheisya neitronnoi zvezdy. Esli net, to eto bylo by argumentom v pol'zu togo, chto magnitary poyavlyayutsya uzhe dovol'no medlenno vrashayushimisya. Eto vazhno dlya vyyasneniya mehanizm proishozhdeniya magnitnogo polya, t.k. dlya generacii ego s pomosh'yu dinamo-mehanizma bystroe vrashenie absolyutno neobhodimo. Tak ili inache, no otkrytie etogo diska ochen' vazhno dlya vsei magnitarnoi astrofiziki, a takzhe dlya fiziki sverhnovyh. Takzhe poyavilas' stat'ya, posvyashennaya poisku pyli vokrug radiopul'sara PSR 1257+12. Iskali tozhe s pomosh'yu Spitcera. Rezul'tat otricatel'nyi. Stoit otmetit', chto v etom sluchae meshaet izluchenie samogo pul'sara, poetomu dazhe poyas, tipa nashego poyasa Koipera, ne udalos' by rassmotret'. miniobzor astro-ph/0604110 Svyaz' mezhdu gamma-vspleskami i sverhnovymi: nablyudeniyai voprosy (Supernova and GRB connection: Observations and Questions) Authors: Massimo Della Valle Comments: Invited review talk to appear in proceedings of the 16th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era", eds. S. Holt, N. Gehrels and J. Nousek; 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables Kak izvestno, seichas dostatochno populyarna ideya svyazi gamma-vspleskov so sverhnovymi. Zdes', odnako, est' mnogo nereshennyh voprosov. Gamma-vspleski associiruyutsya s ochen' raznymi opticheskimi tranzientami. S drugoi storony, detal'nye issledovaniya v radiodiapazone 74 sverhnovyh tipa Ib/c (s kotorymi v osnovnom i svyazyvayut gamma-vspleski) ne pokazali nalichiya izlucheniya, kotoroe dolzhno bylo by voznikat', esli eti sverhnovye soprovozhdayutsya fenomenom gamma-vspleska (sam vsplesk mog byt' nevidim dlya nas, esli relyativistskaya struya ne napravlena v nashu storonu). Tak chto voprosov mnogo, no mnogo i nablyudatel'nyh dannyh. Vsya eta yarkaya i ne ochen' ponyatnaya kartina summirovana v obzore. Na moi vzglyad, stat'ya sozdaet chut' bolee optimistichnuyu kartinu svyazi dvuh yavlenii, chem sledovalo by. Vse-taki poka voprosy dominiruyut... Eshe odin vazhnyi obzor na etu zhe temu astro-ph/0604131. astro-ph/0604113 Zashishaya zhizn' v Mlechnom puti: metally uderzhivayut gamma-vspleski na rasstoyanii (Protecting Life in the Milky Way: Metals Keep the GRBs Away) Authors: K. Z. Stanek et al. Comments: ApJ, submitted, 14 pages, 3 figures Ya pomnyu, chto v seredine 80-h u nas v shkole taki probili razreshenie krutit' vo vremya peremen po shkol'nomu radio gruppu "Ariya". Probit' udalos' pod prikrytie bor'by za mir. Tak vot, metall prodolzhaet zashishat' zhizn' na Zemle! "Volya i razum!" :) V principe, uzhe prakticheski vse, rabotayushie v oblasti astrofiziki gamma-vspleskov, ponimayut, chto eti vzryvy proishodyat preimushestvenno tam, gde nizko soderzhanie "metallov" (napomnyu, chto v astronomii tak nazyvayut vse elementy tyazhelee geliya, t.k. ih nel'zya bylo v zametnom kolichestve proizvesti na pervyh stadiyah evolyucii vselennoi, t.e. vo vremya previchnogo nukleosinteza). Odnako ponimanie - eto odno, a detal'naya prorabotka voprosa - sovsem drugoe. Avtory predstavlyayut ser'eznye kolichestvennye argumenty v pol'zu togo, chto gamma-vspleski (rech' idet v pervuyu ochered' o teh, chto proizoshli na dostatochno nebol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah) chetko otslezhivayut oblasti aktivnogo zvezdoobrazovaniya, v kotoryh soderzhanie "metallov" neveliko, t.e. sushestvenno men'she solnechnogo. Nazvanie stat'i svyazano s tem, chto poskol'ku v Mlechnom puti (t.e. v nashei Galaktike) s metallichnost'yu vse v poryadke, to u nas ono rvanut' i ne dolzhno. Bolee togo, zhizn' (kak my ee ponimaem) bolee veroyatna tam, gde metallov uzhe dovol'no mnogo (t.e. kak u nas). A znachit, gamma-vspleski zhizni ne strashny. Dobavlyu, chto u nas blizhaishaya krupnaya oblast' zvezdoobrazovaniya s maloi metallichnost'yu - eto Maloe magellanovo oblako. Tak chto, esli rvanet, to tam. Zhivite spokoino. Tochnee, u nas i bez ugrozy iz kosmosa na Zemle problem hvataet. miniobzor astro-ph/0604114 Razvitie observatorii P'era Ozhe i pervye rezul'taty (The Pierr Auger Observatory progress and first results) Authors: Paul Mantsch Comments: presented at the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2005), Pune, India, 3-11 Aug 2005 Poskol'ku stroyashayasya observatoriya im. P'era Ozhe eto odin iz vazhneishih sovremennyh nablyudatel'nyh proektov, to ya starayus' upominat' t.n. status reports po etomu povodu, dazhe esli sushestvennogo progressa net. Observatoriya prednaznachena dlya izucheniya kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii. Tam budet ochen' mnogo detektorov raznyh tipov, razbrosannyh po bol'shoi territorii. Poetomu process sozdaniya observatorii sil'no rastyanut vo vremeni. Eto i daet vozmozhnost' govorit' o "razvitii". Chast' detektorov uzhe rabotayut. Konechno, chast' - eto poka malo. Tem ne menee vazhno, chto vse poka idet po planu. miniobzor astro-ph/0604119 Pervyi teleskop VERITAS (The First VERITAS Telescope) Authors: J. Holder et al. Comments: Accepted by Astroparticle Physics VERITAS - eshe odin cherenkovskii (nazemnyi) gamma-proekt. Vsego v sistemu voidet 4 teleskopa. S fevralya rabotaet pervyi. Etomu, sobstvenno, i posvyashena stat'ya. Zhal', chto u nas eto ne razvivaetsya. Est', pravda, slabaya nadezhda, chto v nedalekom budushem uchenye iz MIFI smogut zapustit' v kachestve dopolnitel'noi nagruzki na odnom iz sputnikov apparaturu dlya monitoringa neba v gamma-luchah. Eto bylo by zdorovo! Nu a poka, chitaite pro VERITAS. astro-ph/0604153 Kollimirovanny li korotkie gamma-vspleski? GRB050709 - vspyshka, no bez zavala (Are short gamma-ray bursts collimated? GRB050709, a flare but no break) Authors: D. Watson et al. Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to A&A Letters Kak izvestno, gamma-vspleski delyatsya na dlinnye i korotkie. Po vsei vidimosti, oni svyazany s raznymi ob'ektami, i fizika tam neskol'ko raznaya. Dlinnye - so smert'yu massivnyh zvezd, a korotkie - so sliyaniyami dvoinyh kompaktnyh ob'ektov. Vot novyi argument. Izuchenie oreolov (poslesvechenii) korotkih gamma-vspleskov uzhe navodilo uchenyh na mysli o tom, chto izluchenie tam ploho kollimirovanno. T.e. net uzkoi strui (dzheta), kak u dlinnyh vspleskov. Byl, odnako, odin primer - GRB050709 - kotoryi mozhno bylo tolkovat' kak korotkii vsplesk s kollimaciei. Avtory dannoi stat'i pokazyvayut, chto dazhe eto primer mozhno ob'yasnit' bez kollimacii. astro-ph/0604187 Energetika ostatkov sverhnovyh i magnitary: otsutstvie ukazanii v pol'zu protoneitronnyh zvezd s millisekundnymi periodami (Supernova remnant energetics and magnetars: no evidence in favour of millisecond proto-neutron stars) Authors: Jacco Vink, Lucien Kuiper Comments: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters. 5 pages, one color figure Interesnaya rabota. Logika avtorov takova. Esli magnitnye polya magnitarov generiruyutsya na stadii protoneitronnoi zvezdy, to mozhno poiskat' posledstviya etogo. Vo vseh mehanizmah generacii ispol'zuetsya ochen' bystroe vrashenei protoneitronnoi zvezdy. Neobhodimy periody koroche primerno 30 millisekund (obratite vnimanie, rech' idet o protoneitronnoi zvezde, ona menee kompaktna, chem uzhe ostyvshaya prorelaksirovavshaya neitronnaya zvezda, poetomu 30 millisekund dlya nee eto ochen' korotkii period!). Esli my posmotrim na neitronnuyu zvezdu so stol' korotkim periodom i sil'nym polem, to uvidim, chto eto kolossal'nyi izluchatel'! Takoi vprysk energii mozhet (dolzhen!) ostavit' sled na ostatke sverhnovoi. Avtory analiziruyut dannye po neskol'kim ostatkam sverhnovyh, v kotoryh nahodyatsya magnitary. Vyvod ih sostoit v tom, chto nikakih sledov vpryska energii ne vidno. A znachit, zaklyuchayut oni, polya magnitarov ne mogut generirovat'sya s pomosh'yu obsuzhdaemyh dinamo-mehanizmov. V etom sluchae oni, naprimer, mogut predstavlyat' ostatochnye polya zvezd-praroditelei. Togda magnitary rozhdayutsya uzhe s medlennym vrasheniem i bol'shimi polyami. Otmechu, chto poslednee slovo tut eshe ne skazano. U gipotezy ob ostatochnyh polyah tozhe est' svoi problemy: vryad li est' stol'ko zvezd s sil'nymi polyami, chtoby ob'yasnit' vse magnitary. V konce koncov, sama koncepciya magnitarov - eto gipoteza. miniobzor astro-ph/0604207 Nauchnaya programmy sputnika PAMELA (The science of PAMELA space mission) Authors: P.Picozza, A.Morselli Comments: 8 pages, 7 figures, To be published in "12th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics" Moscow, August, 2005, World Scientific Publishing Co Sputnik PAMELA - rezul'tat sovmestnyh usilii ital'yanskih i rossiiskih (MIFI) uchenyh. On dolzhen byt' zapushen v etom godu nashim nositelem. Izuchat' on budet v osnovnom kosmicheskie luchi. Osoboe vnimanie budet udeleno issledovaniyu potokov antichastic (antiprotonov i pozitronov). Eto budet pervyi apparat, sposobnyi provodit' kachestvennye izmereniya dlya antiprotonov vysokoi energii (poryadka 200 GeV). O detalyah mozhno uznat' iz obzora. Vernut'sya k nachalu stranicy

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