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Festival' nauki
2007


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  • 06.08.2007. Kto eto tam tak bumknul?
  • 14.03.2007. Taina kolec sverhnovoi
  • 06.03.2007. BL Lac v zhestkom gamma

  • 21.09.2006. Vspyshka vnegalakticheskogo magnitara ili korotkii gamma-vsplesk?

  • 23.08.2006. Chernaya koshka obnaruzhena

  • 13.04.2006. On bol'she Plutona!
  • 07.04.2006. Disk vokrug anomal'nogo pul'sara
  • 29.03.2006. Samyi dalekii gamma-vsplesk: mesto rozhdeniya
  • 22.03.2006. Vega krutitsya volchkom
  • 21.03.2006. Tri goda raboty WMAP
  • 03.03.2006. S chem mozhno pereputat' sverhnovuyu?

    Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora


    Stat'i nedeli
    "Luchshie iz luchshih"

  • arxiv/0710.1181
    Evolyuciya i sud'ba sverhmassivnyh zvezd
  • arxiv/0710.1338
    Sliyanie dvoinyh chernyh dyr
  • arxiv/0710.2338
    Ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskuyu evolyuciyu sverhnovyh tipa Ia
  • arxiv/0710.2793
    Roscherk magnitara SGR 1806-20 na magnitnom pole Zemli

    Otdel'nye stat'i
  • Spektral'naya biblioteka zvezd v infrakrasnom diapazone: III. Spektry v polose J
  • Cvetnaya sverhprovodimost' v plotnom kvarkovom veshestve
  • Teoriya pul'sarnyh tumannostei
  • Populyaciya massivnyh proevolyucionirovavshih galaktik na z > 5
  • Vnegalakticheskie obzory: fizika i evolyuciya aktivnyh yader galaktik
  • Dolya kvazarov s istecheniyami
  • Poisk pul'sarov na LOFAR
  • Diffuznye polosy v spektrah absorbiruyushih sistem CaII na krasnyh smesheniyah z < 0.6
  • Novyi vzlyad na soderzhanie zheleza v gazovoi faze
  • Temp sverhnovyh v blizkih skopleniyah galaktik
  • Zona ustoichivosti planetnyh orbit v ierarhicheskih troinyh sistemah
  • Evolyuciya i sud'ba sverhmassivnyh zvezd
  • Rezul'taty sistematicheskogo poiska novyh zvezd v galaktike M31 na osnove bol'shogo chisla ocifrovannyh arhivnyh shmidtovskih plastinok
  • Absorbcionnye spektry gamma-vspleskov kak test modelei reionizacii
  • Sliyanie dvoinyh chernyh dyr
  • Odnovremennye nablyudeniya Sgr A* na Chandre i H.E.S.S. vo vremya rentgenovskoi vspyshki
  • Kogda zvezdy stalkivayutsya
  • Obzor GBT350 po poisku radiopul'sarov i tranzientov v severnoi chasti galakticheskoi ploskosti
  • Zhestkii verhnii predel na pul'siruyushee radio izluchenie ot kompaktnogo ob'ekta 1RXS J141256.0+792204
  • Teoriya i nablyudeniya ostyvayushih neitronnyh zvezd
  • Vrashayushiesya radiotranzienty: rentgenovskie nablyudeniya
  • Sostav pyli v galakticheskom vetre kvazara PG 2112+059
  • Katalog skoplenii galaktik po dannyh XMM-Newton
  • Ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskuyu evolyuciyu sverhnovyh tipa Ia
  • Novye miry na gorizonte: zemnopodobnye planety u drugih zvezd
  • Obzor galakticheskoi ploskosti na H.E.S.S. razoblachaet istochnik Milagro
  • Bystrye rentgenovskie oscillyacii vo vremya vspyshek magnitarov
  • Blizkaya i ekstremal'no malometallichnaya galaktika CGCG 269-049
  • Perehod ot galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei k vnegalakticheskim
  • Roscherk magnitara SGR 1806-20 na magnitnom pole Zemli
  • Bogatstvo i krasota fiziki kosmologicheskoi rekombinacii
  • Baikal'skii neitrinnyi teleskop: sostoyanie i plany
  • Baldzh Galaktiki: obzor


    Iz razdela physics
  • Inzhenernaya fizika v izuchenii anomalii Pionerov
  • Kosmos v tvoem karmane: kak kosmologicheskaya nauka stala zemnoi tehnologiei
  • Istoriya rabochei gruppy po parametram chastic na KEK v 70-e gody


    Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov.

    Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g.

    Arhiv na 14.04.2006 odnim failom
    (36.9 Mb; *.tar.gz)
    gzip homepage

    Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.):
    kosmologiya,
    neitrino,
    kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya,
    galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary,
    nasha Galaktika,
    mezhzvezdnaya sreda,
    zvezdy,
    sverhnovye,
    ostatki sverhnovyh,
    chernye dyry,
    neitronnye zvezdy,
    linzirovanie,
    Solnce,
    ekzoplanety,
    Solnechnaya sistema,
    akkreciya,
    tesnye dvoinye sistemy,
    gamma-vspleski,
    gravitacionnye volny,
    mehanizmy izlucheniya,
    chislennoe modelirovanie,
    dinamika, mehanika
    metody obrabotki dannyh,
    MGD,
    metody nablyudenii,
    budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty,
    prochee.


    Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
    Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah.
    Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph 2001-2003 gg.


    Avtor proekta
    Sergei Popov

    Uchastniki:
    item Ekaterina Kasimova

    Ranee uchastvovali:
    Mihail Prohorov


    Diskussii po stat'yam Arhiva

    PhysComments
    CosmoCoffee



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  • Obzory preprintov astro-ph

    Vypusk N170
    astro-ph za 01-16 oktyabrya 2007 goda: izbrannye stat'i

    Referaty otdel'nyh statei



    item arxiv:0709.4551 Spektral'naya biblioteka zvezd v infrakrasnom diapazone: III. Spektry v polose J (A Near-Infrared Stellar Spectral Library: III. J-Band Spectra)
    Authors: Arvind C. Ranade et al.
    Comments: BASI, 26 pages

    Predstavleny rezul'taty nablyudenii, provedennyh na indiiskom infrakrasnom 1.2 m teleskope GIRT (Gurushikhar Infrared Telescope). Avtorami privedena biblioteka infrakrasnyh spektrov dlya 126 zvezd spektral'nyh tipov O5-M8 i klassov svetimosti I-V. Vse spektry byli polucheny v polose J s razresheniem 12.5 A. Dannaya publikaciya yavlyaetsya tret'ei v serii rabot na etu temu. Ranee opublikovany spektry 135 zvezd v polose H s razresheniem 16 A (Ranade et al, 2004) i spektry 114 zvezd v polose K s razresheniem 22 A (Ranade et al., 2007). Polnost'yu biblioteka spektrov zvezd v infrakrasnyh polosah J, H & K summirovana v v vide ASCII tablic i dostupna na avtorskom veb-saite po adresu http://vo.iucaa.ernet.in/~voi/NIR_Header.html


    obzor arxiv:0709.4635 Cvetnaya sverhprovodimost' v plotnom kvarkovom veshestve (Color superconductivity in dense quark matter)
    Authors: Mark G. Alford, Krishna Rajagopal, Thomas Schaefer, Andreas Schmitt
    Comments: 62 pages, submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics

    Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi sverhprovodimosti v kvarkovom veshestve. Razumeetsya, v pervuyu ochered' takaya situaciya vozmozhna v nedrah kompatnyh zvezd (nazvat' ih "neitronnymi" v dannom sluchae uzhe nel'zya). Obzor ochen' detal'nyi, no inteersen, skoree vsego, tol'ko specialistam (za isklyucheniem vvedeniya i zaklyuchitel'noi, "astrofizicheskoi" chasti).


    miniobzor arxiv:0710.0397 Teoriya pul'sarnyh tumannostei (Theory of Pulsar Wind Nebulae)
    Authors: N. Bucciantini
    Comments: 9 page, 5 figures, Proceeding of the conference "40 Years of Pulsars", 12-17 August 2007, Montreal, Canada. (figures are not properly displayed in .ps or .pdf version please download archive for them)

    Ne vse pomnyat, chto Krabovidnaya tumannost' ne est' ostatok sverhnovoi v strogom smysle etogo slova. Eto t.n. plerion. Inache govorya - pul'sarnaya tumannost' (PWN). V poslednie gody v issledovaniyah PWN byl dostignut sushestvennyi progress. Dannye s Habbla, Chandry i HMM-N'yutona dali vozmozhnost' ne tol'ko detal'no izuchat' morfologiyu etih obrazovanii, no i sledit' za ih dinamikoi. Razumeetsya, tut zhe podtyanulis' teoretiki i specialisty po chislennomu modelirovaniyu. V itoge - est' chto obozrevat', chto i delaet avtor v svoei stat'e.


    item arxiv:0710.0406 Populyaciya massivnyh proevolyucionirovavshih galaktik na z > 5 (A Population of Massive and Evolved Galaxies at z > 5)
    Authors: T. Wiklind et al.
    Comments: ApJ, 65 pages

    Vopros o tom, kak i kogda cformirovalis' pervye galaktiki, yavlyaetsya odnim iz naibolee obsuzhdaemyh v sovremennoi vnegalakticheskoi astronomii. Stat'ya posvyashena poisku galaktik na krasnyh smesheniyah z > 5. Avtory rabotali s uchastkom zvezdnogo neba, nazyvaemym yuzhnym polem GOODS (the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey). Eta ploshadka nablyudalas' raznymi teleskopami v raznyh diapazonah. Bylo zadeistvovano v obshei slozhnosti 12 fotometricheskih fil'trov, nachinaya ot opticheskogo diapazona HST (B, V, i, z), blizhnego infrakrasnogo VLT (J, H, Ks) do infrakrasnogo diapazona Spitzer (3.6 mkm, 4.5 mkm, 5.0 mkm, 8.0 mkm, 24. mkm). Poisk dalekih galaktik osushestvlyalsya po dvuhshagovoi metodike. Predvaritel'naya selekciya byla provedena na osnove fotometrii, a zatem veroyatnye galaktiki-kandidaty na z > 5 otbiralis' putem sravneniya fotometrii s rezul'tatami modelei galakticheskoi evolyucii. Po analogii s ideei poiska Laiman-breik galaktik (Lyman Break Galaxies), avtory razrabotali metodiku poiska Bal'mer-breik galaktik (Balmer Break Galaxies). Sut' metoda v tom, chto nalichie ili otsutsvie Bal'merovskogo skachka v spektre galaktiki (na 3648 A v galakticheskoi sisteme otscheta) napryamuyu zavisit ot vozrasta zvezdnogo naseleniya. Bal'merovskii skachok mozhet byt' ispol'zovan dlya poiska galaktik na lyubyh krasnyh smesheniyah, vopros v tom, kakaya imenno kombinaciya fil'trov budet podobrana. V kachestve osnovnoi diagnostiki avtorami byl ispol'zovan pokazatel' cveta (Ks-3.6 mkm), poskol'ku dlya galaktik na z > 5 Bal'merovskii skachok (3648 A) smeshaetsya v blizkii ifrakrasnyi diapazon. Na osnove predvaritel'noi fotometrii byli otobrany 134 galaktiki. Dal'neishee sravnenie fotometricheskih dannyh s modelyami populyacionnogo sinteza umen'shilo etot spisok do 11. Vse galaktiki-kandidaty nahodyatsya na krasnyh smesheniyah 4.9 < z < 6.5. Ih zvezdnaya massa ocenena avtorami v predelah (0.5-5.) x 1011 solnechnyh mass, a vozrast v predelah 0.2 - 1.0 mlrd let. Vse galaktiki ochen' kompaktny. Esli avtorskie ocenki verny, nalichie stol' massivnyh evolyucioniruyushih galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah podtverzhdaet predpolozhenie o tom, chto zvezdoobrazovanie v rannei Vselennoi prohodilo vo mnogo raz intensivnee, chem v nashe vremya.


    miniobzor arxiv:0710.0561 Vnegalakticheskie obzory: fizika i evolyuciya aktivnyh yader galaktik (Extragalactic Surveys: AGN physics and evolution)
    Authors: Andrea Comastri, Marcella Brusa
    Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures, review talk at the conference: "XMM-Newton: the next decade" held at ESAC (Villa franca de Castillo, Madrid, Spain)

    Kompaktnyi obzor po vsem osnovnym rezul'tatam, problemam, podhodam v svyazi s issledovaniem aktivnyh yader galaktik v obzorah. V osnovnom rech' idet o vsevolnovyh issledovaniya ploshadok, gluboko otsnyatyh rentgenovskimi observatoriyami Chandra i HMM-N'yuton.


    item arxiv:0710.0588 Dolya kvazarov s istecheniyami (On the Fraction of Quasars with Outflows).
    Authors: R. Ganguly & M. Brotherton
    Comments: ApJ, 7 pages

    Aktivnye galakticheskie yadra (AGYa) harakterizuyutsya vybrosami (outflows) gaza i pyli. Istecheniya yavlyayutsya neot'emlemoi chertoi AGYa i vazhny po mnogim prichinam. Eto odin iz mehanizmov obogasheniya mezhzvezdnoi i mezhgalakticheskoi sredy metallami, eto prichina umen'sheniya uglovogo momenta akkreciruyushei "central'noi mashiny", eto ob'yasnenie fenomena, pochemu posle vyduvaniya gaza i pyli v galaktikah prekrashaetsya zvezdoobrazovanie. Vse li AGYa imeyut vybrosy? Kak chasto oni vstrechayutsya? Kak ih mozhno klassificirovat'? Zadavshis' etimi voprosami, avtory dannoi stat'i prosummirovali imeyushuyusya v literature informaciyu. Rezul'taty ih ocenok na osnove poslednih nablyudatel'nyh obzorov predstavleny v tablice 1 v tekste stat'i. Ocenka avtorov takova, chto vne zavisimosti ot svetimosti AGYa, istecheniya harakterny primerno dlya 60% aktivnyh galakticheskih yader.


    arxiv:0710.0675 Poisk pul'sarov na LOFAR (Finding pulsars with LOFAR)
    Authors: Joeri van Leeuwen, Ben Stappers
    Comments: 3 pages, Proceedings of "40 Years of Pulsars: Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars, and More" (12-17 August 2007 at McGill, Montreal Canada)

    Po suti, predstavlen populyacionnyi sintez radiopul'sarov dlya opredeleniya togo, chto smozhet uvidet' sistema teleskopov LOFAR, nachinayushaya rabotat' v sleduyushem godu.

    Dlya blizkih slabyh pul'sarov mozhno ozhidat' nekotorgo proryva (krome togo, polagayu, oni smogut uvidet' Velikolepnuyu Semerku, ili postavit' OChEN' zhestkie predely, takzhe ochen' vazhno otnablyudat' Calvera).

    Takzhe avtory obsuzhdayut nablyudenie pul'sarov v drugih galaktikah. V predelah odnogo megaparseka (ili dazhe chut' dal'she) mozhno ozhidat' otkrytie samyh yarkih pul'sarov.


    item arxiv:0710.0901 Diffuznye polosy v spektrah absorbiruyushih sistem CaII na krasnyh smesheniyah z < 0.6 (Diffuse Interstellar Bands in z < 0.6 CaII Absorbers).
    Authors: Sara Ellison1 et al.
    Comments: MNRAS, 5 pages

    Priroda diffuznyh linii poglosheniya (diffuse bands) ostaetsya odnoi iz nereshennyh zadach spektroskopii. Proshozhdenie ih svyazano s nekimi mehanizmami poglosheniya v mezhzvezdnoi srede, poskol'ku intensivnost' etih linii chetko korreliruet s velichinoi mezhzvezdnogo poglosheniya E(B-V) i koncentraciei neitral'nogo vodoroda na luche zreniya N(HI). V Galaktike i Magellanovyh Oblakah diffuznye linii poglosheniya nablyudayutsya na dlinah voln 4428, 5705, 5780, 5797, 6284, 6613 A. Naibolee veroyatnym ob'yasneniem diffuznyh polos schitayut slozhnye organicheskie molekuly. Tak nazyvaemye absorbcionnye sistemy Ca II - eto udalennye galaktiki, kotorye nablyudayutsya tol'ko v liniyah poglosheniya v spektrah kvazarov. Oni kak raz harakterizuyutsya bol'shim soderzhaniem neitral'nogo vodoroda N(HI) i sushestvennym znacheniem E(B-V). Eti sistemy mogut byt' polezny v kachestve instrumenta izucheniya diffuznyh linii poglosheniya na kosmologicheskih rasstoyaniyah, i tem samym dlya izucheniya svoistv mezhzvezdnoi sredy v dalekih galaktikah.

    V dannoi rabote predprinyata imenno takaya popytka. Na teleskope VLT byli provedeny nablyudeniya 9 absorbcionnyh sistem CaII (galaktik), nahodyashihsya na krasnyh smesheniyah 0.07 < zabs < 0.55. Diffuznaya polosa na 5780 A byla detektirovana tol'ko dlya odnoi galaktiki, nahodyasheisya na krasnom smeshenii z=0.1556 v napravlenii kvazara J0013-0024. Eto vtoroi izvestnyi sluchai obnaruzheniya diffuznoi linii poglosheniya na kosmologicheskom rasstoyanii. V predpolozhenii galakticheskih svoistv mezhzvezdnoi sredy, avtory ocenili, chto dlya etoi galaktiki soderzhanie neitral'nogo vodoroda prevyshaet logN(H I) > 20.9 sm-2, a E(B-V)=0.23 mag. Eti ocenki kosvenno podtverzhdayut obshee predstavlenie o sistemah CaII kak galaktikah, imeyushih naibol'shuyu sredi absorbcionnyh sistem N(H I) i zapylennost'. Perspektivy dal'neishih nablyudenii avtory svyazyvayut imenno s etimi sistemami, hotya s nablyudatel'noi tochki zreniya eto predstavlyaet soboi ochen' slozhnuyu zadachu. Ekvivalentnaya shirina linii 5780 A dlya galaktiki s E(B-V) = 0.1 mag sostavlyaet vsego 30 mA, a eto men'she sovremennogo predela detektirovaniya v 2-3 raza. Poetomu obnaruzhenie diffuznyh polos poglosheniya naibolee veroyatno tol'ko v absobcionnyh sistemah s naibol'shim soderzhaniem pyli.


    item arxiv:0710.1062 Novyi vzlyad na soderzhanie zheleza v gazovoi faze (New Insights on Interstellar Gas-Phase Iron).
    Authors: A. Jensen & T. Snow
    Comments: ApJ, 53 pages

    Zhelezo - odin iz samyh rasprostranennyh v prirode tyazhelyh elementov. V mezhzvezdnoi srede atomy zheleza soderzhatsya v osnovnom v tverdoi (pylevoi) faze. Dlya kolichestvennogo opisaniya stepeni kondensacii atomov togo ili inogo elementa iz gazovoi v pylevuyu fazu vvedeno ponyatie deplecii. Eto logarifm otnosheniya polnogo kolichestva atomov dannogo elementa k kolichestvu atomov v gazovoi faze. Uvelichenie deplecii neizbezhno oznachaet rost chisla atomov, pereshedshih v tverduyu fazu. Nablyudaemye variacii znacheniya deplecii zavisyat ot uslovii v mezhzvezdnoi srede i mogut byt' kosvennoi harakteristikoi ee sostoyaniya. Avtory raboty prosummirovali dannye nablyudenii FUSE (Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer) i HST (Hubble Space Telescope) dlya atomov odnokratno ionizovannogo zheleza (FeII). Soderzhanie zheleza v gazovoi faze mezhzvezdnoi sredy bylo izucheno imi dlya 51 napravlenii. Dlya etogo byli izmereny ekvivalentnye shiriny absorbcionnyh linii zheleza, a zatem ego soderzhanie naideno metodom krivyh rosta. Na osnove bol'shogo statisticheskogo materiala avtorami byli podtverzhdeny naidennye ranee korrelyacii mezhdu depleciei zheleza i polnoi luchevoi koncentraciei vodoroda, usrednennoi ob'emnoi plotnost'yu vodoroda, dolei molekulyarnogo vodoroda, ekstinkciei i drugimi harakteristikami. Nekotorye iz perechislennyh v stat'e zavisimostei obnaruzheny vpervye. Issledovanie dlya drugogo himicheskogo elementa - magniya - predstavleno avtorami v rabote arxiv:0710.1064.


    arxiv:0710.1094 Temp sverhnovyh v blizkih skopleniyah galaktik (The supernova rate in local galaxy clusters)
    Authors: F. Mannucci et al.
    Comments: MNRAS, revised version after referee's comments

    Avtory issledovali temp razlichnyh tipov sverhnovyh v galaktikah razlichnyh tipov, vhodyashih v skopleniya. Rezul'taty sravnivayutsya s "galaktikami polya" (t.e. s temi, kotorye v skopleniya ne vhodyat).

    Naibolee interesnyi rezul'tat sostoit v tom, chto temp sverhnovyh tipa Ia v galaktikah rannih tipov v skopleniyah v tri raza vyshe, chem v pole.

    Dlya sverhnovyh, svyazannyh s kollapsom yadra massivnoi zvezdy, takogo razlichiya (v sluchae galaktik pozdnih spektral'nyh tipov, ibo tam oni v podavlyayushem bol'shinstve i vstrechayutsya) ne obnaruzheno.


    arxiv:0710.1167 Zona ustoichivosti planetnyh orbit v ierarhicheskih troinyh sistemah (Planetary Stability Zones in Hierarchical Triple Star Systems)
    Authors: P.E. Verrier, N.W. Evans
    Comments: 16 pages, MNRAS, in press

    V troinyh sistemah mozhno ozhidat' pyati tipov ustoichivyh planetnyh orbit: vokrug kazhdoi iz zvezd, vokrug dvoinoi (sistema ierarhicheskaya, t.e. est' dvoinaya i tret'ya zvezda, stoyashaya "v storone"), i vokrug troinoi. Avtory detal'no issleduyut etu neprostuyu situaciyu i rassmatrivayut, chto mozhno ozhidat' v sluchae izvestnyh troinyh zvezd. Kak i sledovalo ozhidat', daleko ne vse iz nih imeyut hot' kakie-to oblasti, v kotoryh mogut sushestvovat' ustoichivye orbity. Tem ne menee, primerno dlya poloviny izvestnyh troinyh mozhno nadeyat'sya otkryt' planety "treh solnc".


    arxiv:0710.1181 Evolyuciya i sud'ba sverhmassivnyh zvezd (On the evolution and fate of supermassive stars)
    Authors: L.R. Yungelson et al.
    Comments: 26 pages, 15 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics

    Bol'shaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya detal'nomu issledovaniyu evolyucii zvezd s solnechnoi metallichnost'yu i massoi ot 60 do 1000 solnechnyh. Ochen' massivnye zvezdy mogut obrazovyvat'sya v plotnyh molodyh skopleniyah za schet "slipaniya". Ih chasto obsuzhdayut kak praroditelei chernyh dyr promezhutochnyh mass, svyazannyh s ul'tramoshnymi istochnikami.

    Osnovnoi rezul'tat takov, chto chernye dyry poluchayutsya iz zvezd i iznachal'nymi massami menee 250 solnechnyh i ot 800 do 1000 (v promezhutke proishodit polnyi razlet yadra bez obrazovaniya kompaktnogo ostatka), no massy etih chernyh dyr ne veliki (menee 70 solnechnyh), t.e. dlya ob'yasneniya ul'tramoshnyh istochnikov oni ne podoidut.


    item arxiv:0710.1194 Rezul'taty sistematicheskogo poiska novyh zvezd v galaktike M31 na osnove bol'shogo chisla ocifrovannyh arhivnyh shmidtovskih plastinok (A systematic search for novae in M31 on a large set of digitized archival Schmidt plates)
    Authors: M. Henze et al.
    Comments: A&A, 29 pages

    Sistematicheskii poisk tak nazyvaemyh novyh zvezd v galaktike M31 vpervye byl nachat Edvinom Habblom v 1929 i ne prekrashaetsya do sih por. Takoi monitoring trebuet bol'shogo kolichestva nablyudatel'nogo vremeni, poetomu arhivnye shmidtovskie plastinki po-prezhnemu imeyut bol'shuyu nablyudatel'nuyu cennost'. Avtory dannoi raboty ocifrovali 306 takih plastin, poluchiv tem samym dostup k dannym za 36 let nablyudenii s 1960 po 1996 god. Razrabotannyi avtorami avtomatizirovannyi analiz krivyh bleska pozvolil im vydelit' 84 kandidata v novye zvezdy. Polozheniya zvezd opredeleny s tochnost'yu 0."4. Krivye bleska novyh zvezd dostupny na sootvetstvuyushem veb-saite. Provedennyi avtorami analiz pokazal, chto pri sootvetstvuyushei obrabotke starye shmidtovskie plastiny mogut byt' ves'ma polezny.


    item arxiv:0710.1303 Absorbcionnye spektry gamma-vspleskov kak test modelei reionizacii (Testing Reionization with Gamma Ray Burst Absorption Spectra).
    Authors: Gallerani et al
    Comments: MNRAS, 5 pages

    Dlinnye gamma-vspleski (GRB) na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah mogut stat' odnim iz effektivnyh testov teorii reionizacii. Na segodnya izvestno uzhe pyat' ochen' dalekih gamma-vspleskov na z > 5, rekordnyi iz kotoryh GRB 050904 nahoditsya na krasnom smeshenii z=6.29. Spektry dalekih kvazarov i gamma-vspleskov harakterizuyutsya glubokimi provalami (gaps) levee linii Ly-alpha, priroda kotoryh sostoit v tom, chto vse izluchenie v etoi oblasti pogloshaetsya neitral'nym vodorodom na luche zreniya mezhdu istochnikom i nablyudatelem. Statistika takih "provalov" v spektrah dalekih kvazarov nedavno byla priznana effektivnym sredstvom izucheniya ionizacionnogo sostoyaniya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy (MGS). Absorbcionnye spektry ochen' dalekih gamma-vspleskov tak zhe mogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya etoi celi, no oni imeyut svoyu osobuyu specifiku. Prezhde vsego sama priroda kvazarov i gamma-vspleskov sushestvenno razlichna. Poslesvechenie gamma-vspleskov ubyvaet so vremenem, potomu nablyudeniya MGS v napravlenii gamma-vspleska v razlichnye dni poslesvecheniya predstavlyaet dopolnitel'nuyu vozmozhnost' izucheniya vremennoi evolyucii "provalov" i pozvolyaet otobrat' naibolee realistichnye modeli reionizacii. Tak, avtory predskazyvayut, chto esli reionizaciya zakonchilas' pozzhe, to "provaly" v absorbcionnyh spektrah gamma-vspleskov na z > 6 budut shire i gorazdo mnogochislennee. Predstavlennyi v rabote podhod imeet bol'shie preimushestva. Ozhidaetsya, chto v blizhaishem budushem budut otkryty gamma-vspleski na z > 6 i chto takih nablyudenii budet mnogo. Eto pozvolit znachitel'no uluchshit' statisticheskii analiz i vosstanovit' istoriyu reioniacii v detalyah.


    obzor arxiv:0710.1338 Sliyanie dvoinyh chernyh dyr (Binary Black Hole Coalescence)
    Authors: Frans Pretorius
    Comments: 42 pages, 7 Figures. The "final version" of this Lecture Note will appear in the book: "Relativistic Objects in Compact Binaries: From Birth to Coalescence" Editor: Colpi et al. Pulisher: Springer Verlag, Canopus Publishing Limited

    Bol'shoi obzor-lekciya po sliyaniyam chernyh dyr. Rech' idet o teorii, ne o nablyudeniyah. Odnako chast' lekcii budet vpolne dostupna nespecialistam.


    arxiv:0710.1537 Odnovremennye nablyudeniya Sgr A* na Chandre i H.E.S.S. vo vremya rentgenovskoi vspyshki (Simultaneous H.E.S.S. and Chandra observations of Sgr A* during an X-ray flare)
    Authors: Jim Hinton et al. (for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration)
    Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures, Contribution to the 30th ICRC, Merida, Mexico, July 2007

    Kak izvestno, chernaya dyra v centre nashei Galaktiki - Sgr A* - vremya ot vremeni vydaet vspyshki, nablyudaemye v rentgenovskom i IK diapazonah. Odnu iz nih udalos' odnovremenno pronablyudat' i v zhestkom gamma na H.E.S.S. Kak okazalos', v gamma nikakoi vspyshki ne proizoshlo. Eto znachit, chto ochen' zhestkie kvanty voznikayut ne vblizi chernoi dyry, kak rentgen, a gde-to podal'she.


    arxiv:0710.1734 Kogda zvezdy stalkivayutsya (When Stars Collide)
    Authors: E. Glebbeek O. R. Pols
    Comments: 8 pages, 5 figures to appear in the proceedings for "Unsolved Problems in Stellar Physics", Cambridge, 2-6 July 2007

    Inogda zvezdy delayut eto. Oni slivayutsya. Proishodit eto, naprimer, v plotnyh sopleniyah. V rezul'tate poyavlyayutsya zvezdy, sil'no otlichayushiesya ot svoih sobrat'ev, obrazovavshihsya tradicionnym obrazom. Obychno oni yarche i goryachee, chem obychnye zvezdy toi zhe massy.

    Avtory rassmatrivayut evolyuciyu zvezd, obrazovavshihsya v rezul'tate sliyanii.


    arxiv:0710.1745 Obzor GBT350 po poisku radiopul'sarov i tranzientov v severnoi chasti galakticheskoi ploskosti (The GBT350 Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane for Radio Pulsars and Transients)
    Authors: J.W.T. Hessels et al.
    Comments: To appear in the proceedings of "Forty Years of Pulsars: Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More" held in Montreal, Canada, August 12-17, 2007. 3 pages, 2 figures

    Avtory predstavlyayut predvaritel'nye rezul'taty po poisku novyh pul'sarov. Obzor provodilsya na teleskope GBT na chastote 350 Mgc. Novyi obzor bolee chuvstvitelen k millisekundnym i dolgoperiodicheskim pul'saram, chem ego predshestvenniki (v etoi oblasti). Obnaruzheno 33 novyh pul'sara. Nekotorye iz nih imeyut dostatochno interesnye svoistva.


    arxiv:0710.1788 Zhestkii verhnii predel na pul'siruyushee radio izluchenie ot kompaktnogo ob'ekta 1RXS J141256.0+792204 (A Strong Upper Limit on the Pulsed Radio Luminosity of the Compact Object 1RXS J141256.0+792204)
    Authors: J.W.T. Hessels et al.
    Comments: To appear in A&A. 3 pages

    Postavlen ochen' zhestkii verhnii predel na radioizluchenie Kal'very (Calvera). Ya nachinayu verit' v to, chto nasha iznachal'naya dogadka, chto eto v samom dele ob'ekt tipa Velikolepnoi semerki, no porozhdennyi vysokoskorostnoi zvezdoi, verna. Esli skorost' zvezdy-praroditelya byla poryadka 100-200 km/s, chto vpolne vozmozhno dlya "ubegayushei zvezdy" (runaway star), to neitronnaya zvezda mogla "vylupit'sya" uzhe ochen' vysoko nad ploskost'yu Galaktiki.


    miniobzor arxiv:0710.2047 Teoriya i nablyudeniya ostyvayushih neitronnyh zvezd (Theory of cooling neutron stars versus observations)
    Authors: D. G. Yakovlev et al.
    Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, to appear in the proceedings of "40 Years of Pulsars" held in Montreal, Canada, August 12-17, 2007, eds. C. Bassa, Z. Wang, A. Cumming, V. Kaspi, AIP, submitted

    Poskol'ku ostyvaniem neitronnyh zvezd seichas zanimaetsya neskol'ko grupp teoretikov, a potok nablyudenii rastet, obzorov po etoi tematike poyavlyaetsya ne malo. Tem ne menee, v dannom sluchae my imeem otlichnyi primer togo, kak v dostatochno ogranichennyi ob'em mozhno vmestit' vse samoe glavnoe i pro teoriyu, i pro nablyudeniya, da eshe i s kartinkami!


    arxiv:0710.2056 Vrashayushiesya radiotranzienty: rentgenovskie nablyudeniya (Rotating Radio Transients: X-ray observations)
    Authors: Nanda Rea
    Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures; review at the conference "Astrophysics of Compact Objects", China

    Opisany rezul'taty rentgenovskih nablyudenii treh RRATs - Rotating Radio Transients. Odin iz etih ob'ektov byl sluchaino "zasnyat" Chandroi, v stat'e predstavleny rezul'taty posleduyushih bolee detal'nyh nablyudenii. RRATs vydelyayutsya svoimi moshnymi ochen' korotkimi impul'sami. Tak vot, rentgenovskie dannye pokazali, chto pul'sy prihodyat tochno v moment maksimuma rentgenovskoi krivoi bleska.

    Dlya dvuh drugih RRATS, kotorye takzhe pytalis' nablyudat' v rentgene, polucheny lish' verhnie predely. Prichem predely ne slishkom zhestkie, tak chto nuzhno nablyudat' s bol'shimi ekspoziciyami.

    Poka neyasno to li RRATs - eto osobaya gruppa neitronnyh zvezd, to li eto takoi "podvid" radiopul'sarov, ch'i nablyudatel'nye proyavleniya svyazany ne s fizikoi, a prosto s ih orientaciei otnositel'no nas i dostatochno bol'shim rasstoyaniem, to li RRATs - eto neodnorodnaya gruppa istochnikov, kotorye ob'edinyaet lish' nalichie millisekundnyh impul'sov.


    item arxiv:0710.2225 Sostav pyli v galakticheskom vetre kvazara PG 2112+059 (Dust in the wind: Crystalline silicates, corundum and periclase in PG 2112+059)
    Authors: F. Markwick-Kemper et al.
    Comments: ApJ, 14 pages

    Mineralogicheskii sostav pyli, prinadlezhashei kvazaru PG 2112+059, byl detal'no izuchen avtorami s pomosh'yu dannyh, poluchennyh kosmicheskim teleskopom Spitzer. Analiz spektra kvazara v infrakrasnom diapazone i popytka vosproizvesti ego posredstvom modelirovaniya pokazali nalichie bogatyh magniem amorfnyh silikatov (56.5+/-.4)%, a takzhe prisutstvie Al2O3 (38+/-)% i MgO (2.7+/-1.7)%. Hotya formirovanie pyli proishodit v atmosferah zvezd i ostatkah sverhnovyh, nablyudaemye v sluchae kvazara PG 2112+059 svoistva pylevyh chastic ne isklyuchayut vozmozhnosti dal'neishei akkumulyacii pyli v galakticheskom vetre samogo kvazara.


    katalog arxiv:0710.2241 Katalog skoplenii galaktik po dannyh XMM-Newton (A Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Observed by XMM-Newton)
    Authors: S. L. Snowden, R. M. Mushotzky, K. D. Kuntz, D. S. Davis
    Comments: Accepted for publication in A&A, 55 pages with 42 figures

    Predstavlen katalog iz 70 skoplenii galaktik, kotorye detal'no nablyudalis' na XMM-Newton. Sravnenie s rezul'tatami s Chandra pokazyvaet, chto ocenki temperatur gaza v skopleniyah po dannyh dvuh sputnikov sistematicheski razlichayutsya.


    arxiv:0710.2338 Ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskuyu evolyuciyu sverhnovyh tipa Ia (Constraining Cosmic Evolution of Type Ia Supernovae)
    Authors: Ryan J. Foley et al.
    Comments: 22 pages, 22 figures, submitted to ApJ.

    Kak izvestno, sverhnovye tipa Ia ispol'zuyutsya v kosmologii kak standartnye svechi. Imenno po etim ob'ektam pochti 10 let nazad bylo obnaruzheno uskorennoe rasshirenie vselennoi. Tem ne menee, vsegda zvuchit somnenie: a chto esli svehnovye "tam" ne takie kak "tut". T.e., net li kakoi-to sushestvennoi evolyucii sverhnovyh za poslednie neskol'ko milliardov let. Mozhet byt' te, chto nahodyatsya na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah ne bliznecy-brat'ya "nashim" sverhnovym?

    Avtory sravnivayut spektry dalekih i blizkih sverhnovyh. Spektrov mnogo, ispol'zovany tol'ko vysokokachestvennye dannye po horosho izuchennym sverhnovym. Osnovnoi vyvod takov: nikakoi sushestvennoi evolyucii ne obnaruzheno.


    populyarnyi miniobzor arxiv:0710.2366 Novye miry na gorizonte: zemnopodobnye planety u drugih zvezd (New Worlds on the Horizon: Earth-Sized Planets Close to Other Stars)
    Authors: Eric Gaidos et al.
    Comments: 13 pages, to appear in Science, October 12, 2007

    Neplohaya populyarnaya stat'ya po ekzoplanetam, podobnym Zemle. Obsuzhdaetsya obrazovanie takih planet, puti ih obnaruzheniya, vozmozhnost' sushestvovaniya na nih zhizni.


    arxiv:0710.2418 Obzor galakticheskoi ploskosti na H.E.S.S. razoblachaet istochnik Milagro (H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey unveils a Milagro Hotspot)
    Authors: H.E.S.S. Collaboration: A. Djannati-Atai, E. Ona-Wilhelmi, M. Renaud, S. Hoppe
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures; To appear in the Proceedings of the 30th ICRC (Merida, Mexico)

    MILAGRO - eto nazemnyi gamma-detektor, predstavlyayushii soboi krytyi bassein s mnozhestvom fotoumnozhitelei po stenkam. On rabotal v diapazone poryadka desyatkov TeV. Ne skazat', chtoby eksperiment byl ochen' udachnym ....

    Odnim iz rezul'tatov bylo obnaruzhenie nekotorogo pyatna. Po dannym MILAGRO trudno bylo skazat' v samom dele my vidim kakoi-to istochnik, ili net. Nedavnie nablyudeniya na H.E.S.S. odnoznachno govoryat, chto eto real'nyi gamma-istochnik.

    Priroda istochnika poka ne yasna. On yavno protyazhennyi (uglovoe razreshenie H.E.S.S. pozvolyaet eto utverzhdat'). V etom napravlenii est' ostatok sverhnovoi, no poka ne yasno svyazan li istochnik s ostatkom.


    miniobzor arxiv:0710.2475 Bystrye rentgenovskie oscillyacii vo vremya vspyshek magnitarov (Fast X-ray Oscillations During Magnetar Flares)
    Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer
    Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures, conference proceedings, "Astrophysics of Compact Objects," 2007, Huangshan, China

    Nekotoroe vremya nazad analiz "pul'siruyushego hvosta" vspyshki, nablyudavsheisya 27 dekabrya 2004 goda ot odnogo iz istochnikov myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov, pokazal nalichie kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii na neskol'kih chastotah poryadka desyatkov gerc i vyshe. Posle etogo byla provedena pereobrabotka analogichnyh dannyh po vspyshke 27 avgusta 1998 goda. Tam byli obnaruzheny analogichnye oscillyacii. V stat'e dan obzor dannyh po etomu yavleniyu, a takzhe obsuzhdayutsya vozmozhnye ob'yasneniya. Skoree vsego, my imeem delo s torsionnymi kolebaniyami neitronnoi zvezdy.


    item arxiv:0710.2557 Blizkaya i ekstremal'no malometallichnaya galaktika CGCG 269-049 (The Nearby and Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxy CGCG 269-049).
    Authors: M. Corbin et al.
    Comments: ApJ, 35 pages

    CGCG 269-049 eto izolirovannaya karlikovaya galaktika nizkoi poverhnostnoi yarkosti s ekstremal'no maloi metallichnost'yu mezhzvezdnoi sredy vsego 3% ot solnechnoi, nahodyashayasya ot nas na rasstoyanii okolo 4.9 Mpk.

    Malaya metallichnost' MZS mozhet byt' vyzvana kak medlennoi evolyuciei galaktiki s nizkim tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya, tak i ee molodost'yu i aktivnym zvezdoobrazovaniem, soprovozhdaemym vymetayushim metally galakticheskim vetrom. Sravnitel'naya blizost' k nam CGCG 269-049 predostavlyaet prekrasnuyu vozmozhnost' ee detal'nogo izucheniya. Naibolee vazhno to, chto s pomosh'yu nablyudenii na kosmicheskih teleskopah ona mozhet byt' razreshena na zvezdy, a eto pozvolilo by dokazat' nalichie ili otsutstvie v galaktike starogo zvezdnogo naseleniya.

    Chtoby razobrat'sya v etom voprose, avtory dannoi raboty predstavili analiz glubokih snimkov, poluchennyh na teleskopah HST i Spitzer. Habblovskie snimki nemedlenno vyyavili bol'shoe kolichestvo krasnyh gigantov i zvezd na asimptoticheskoi vetvi gigantov. Etot fakt polnost'yu isklyuchaet molodost' CGCG 269-049. Infrakrasnyi spektr CGCG 269-049 na dlinah voln 3.6-70 mkm, poluchennyi s pomosh'yu teleskopa Spitzer, sootvetstvuet zvezdnomu naseleniyu vozrastom 10 mlrd let i teplovomu izlucheniyu pyli s temperaturoi 72K. Radionablyudeniya galaktiki v linii neitral'nogo vodoroda HI pokazali nalichie simmetrichnoi struktury s radiusom, v neskol'ko raz prevyshayushim opticheskii. Eto govorit o tom, chto zvezdoobrazovanie v CGCG 269-049 ne vyzvano prilivnymi effektami, nesmotrya na blizost' drugoi karlikovoi galaktiki UGC 7298 na rasstoyanii 14.5 kpk. Snimki galaktiki v linii H_alpha, yavlyayusheisya indikatorom molodogo zvezdnogo naseleniya, ne pokazyvayut nalichiya sil'nogo galakticheskogo vetra. Dolya neitral'nogo vodoroda v glaktike CGCG 269-049 prevyshaet zvezdnuyu massu v 10 raz. Vse vyshe perechislennye fakty govoryat o tom, chto ekstremal'no malaya metallichnost' dannoi galaktiki yavlyaetsya sledstviem kraine zamedlennogo zvezdoobrazovaniya, a ne rezul'tatom ee molodosti i poteri tyazhelyh elementov v rezul'tate galakticheskogo vetra.


    obzor arxiv:0710.2750 Perehod ot galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei k vnegalakticheskim (Transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays)
    Authors: V. Berezinsky
    Comments: Invited talk at 30th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Merida (Mexico) 2007

    Horosho izvestno, chto znachitel'naya chast' kosmicheskih luchei rozhdaetsya v nashei Galaktike, preimushestvenno v ostatkah sverhnovyh. No tak zhe izvestno, chto kosmicheskih vysokih energii ne mogut imet' galakticheskoe proishozhdenie. Znachit, na kakih-to energiyah dolzhen byt' perehod. No na kakih? Sobstvenno, obsuzhdeniyu etogo voprosa i posvyashen obzor.


    arxiv:0710.2793 Roscherk magnitara SGR 1806-20 na magnitnom pole Zemli (The SGR 1806-20 magnetar signature on the Earth's magnetic field)
    Authors: Mioara Mandea, Georgios Balasis
    Comments: Geophys. J. Int., 167, 2006

    Vspyshka istochnika myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskom SGR 1806-20, proizoshedshaya 27 dekabrya 2004 goda, nadelala shuma. V chastnosti, ona okazala sushestvennoe vliyanie na sostoyanie zemnyh okrestnostei: izmenila ionizaciyu, vozmutila magnitnoe pole. Vot pro poslednee-to i rasskazyvaetsya v stat'e.

    Avtory analiziruyut dannye sputnika CHAMP. Soglasno ih rezul'tatam v povedenii zemnogo magnitnogo polya nablyudalas' periodichnost' s periodom 7.5 sekund - t.e. s periodom vrasheniya magnitara.

    O povedenii samogo "vinovnika" spustya dva goda posle vspyshki mozhno prochest' zdes'.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    obzor arxiv:0710.2879 Bogatstvo i krasota fiziki kosmologicheskoi rekombinacii (The Richness and Beauty of the Physics of Cosmological Recombination)
    Authors: R.A. Sunyaev, J. Chluba
    Comments: 14 pages, 6 figures, NRAO 50th anniversary conference proceeding

    Ponyatno i podrobno opisany effekty, imeyushie mesto vo vremya rekombinacii. Takzhe obsuzhdayutsya perspektivy nablyudeniya posledstvii etih effektov. Uchityvaya vazhnost' pravil'nogo ponimaniya togo, kak prohodila rekombinaciya, vse eto ochen' interesno.


    arxiv:0710.3063 Baikal'skii neitrinnyi teleskop: sostoyanie i plany (The Baikal Neutrino Telescope: Status and plans)
    Authors: BAILKAL Collaboration: R. Wischnewski
    Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures, presented at the 30th ICRC, Merida, Mexico, July 2007

    Seriya korotkih zametok v materialah konferencii po kosmicheskim lucham, posvyashennyh baikal'skomu neitrinnomu teleskopu. O nekotoryh naibolee interesnyh rezul'tatah proekta mozhno prochest' v stat'e arxiv:0710.3064. Pro prototip novogo akusticheskogo detektora, sozdavaemogo v ramkah baikal'skogo proekta, mozhno uznat' zdes': arxiv:0710.3113.


    miniobzor arxiv:0710.3104 Baldzh Galaktiki: obzor (The Galactic Bulge: A Review)
    Authors: Dante Minniti, Manuela Zoccali
    Comments: 10 pages, 8 Postscript figures, uses iaus.cls To appear in Proceedings of IAU Symp. 245 on "Formation and Evolution of Galaxy Bulges", (held at Oxford, July 16-20 2007), Eds. Martin Bureau, Lia Athanassoula, and Beatriz Barbuy

    Dana svodka dannyh po sfericheskoi sostavlyayushei nashei Galaktiki - baldzhu.




    My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).


    arxiv:0710.0191 Inzhenernaya fizika v izuchenii anomalii Pionerov (Physics Engineering in the Study of the Pioneer Anomaly)
    Authors: Slava G. Turyshev, Viktor T. Toth
    Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures, invited talk at the "IV Physics Engineering International Meeting," Mexico City, Mexico, 15-19 October 2007

    Opisany novye popytki razobrat'sya v anomalii Pionerov. Otveta poka net, no chitat' - vsem! Ibo budut ispol'zovany novye dannye i novaya dokumentaciya dlya postroeniya modeli apparatov.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0710.0671 Kosmos v tvoem karmane: kak kosmologicheskaya nauka stala zemnoi tehnologiei (The Cosmos in Your Pocket: How Cosmological Science Became Earth Technology. I)
    Authors: William T. Bridgman
    Comments: 37 pages, 5 figures

    Dostatochno interesnyi tekst. Nazvanie, na moi vzglyad, neskol'ko obmanchivo (rech' tam v onovnom ne o kosmologii), tem ne menee. Avtor rassmatrivaet svyaz' otkrytii v oblasti fundamental'noi astronomii, astrofiziki i tp. s kakimi-to vpolne prizemlennymi utilitarnymi veshami, a takzhe s vazhnymi rezul'tatami v fizike. T.e., obsuzhdaet "kakaya ot astronomii pol'za".


    arxiv:0710.1134 Istoriya rabochei gruppy po parametram chastic na KEK v 70-e gody (The History of the Particle Data Group at KEK in the 1970s)
    Authors: Kouji Hirata, Fumiyo Uchiyama
    Comments: 27 pages

    Po-yaponski suhaya istoriya o rabote fizikov na KEKe v semidesyatye gody. Zdes' net nikakih epizodov, podobnyh "izobreteniyu" osoboi formy feinmanovskih diagramm, vse izlozheno prakticheski oficial'nym tonom.



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