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  • 22.01.2008. Chernaya dyra v Omega Centavra

  • 11.01.2008. Dvoinoe einshteinovskoe kol'co

  • 06.08.2007. Kto eto tam tak bumknul?
  • 14.03.2007. Taina kolec sverhnovoi
  • 06.03.2007. BL Lac v zhestkom gamma

    Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora


    Stat'i nedeli
    "Luchshie iz luchshih"

  • arxiv/0804.0382
    Poisk korrelyacii sobytii HiRes Stereo s aktivnymi yadrami galaktik
  • arxiv/0804.0773
    Otkrytie svyazi mezhdu morfologiei spiral'nyh rukavov i massoi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v diskovyh galaktikah
  • arxiv/0804.1492
    Himicheskaya evolyuciya Mlechnogo puti i ego sputnikov
  • arxiv/0804.1500
    Sostoyanie i perspektivy kosmomikrofiziki v Evrope
  • arxiv/0804.1938
    Kosmicheskie luchi i klimat
  • arxiv/0804.2074
    Vklad Bogdana v nashe ponimanie gamma-vspleskov
  • arxiv/0804.2147
    Termoyadernye sverhnovye
  • arxiv/0804.2258
    "Da budet svet!" Poyavlenie struktury posle Temnoi epohi v Rannei Vselennoi
  • arxiv/0804.2741
    Pervye rezul'taty s DAMA/LIBRA i kombinirovannye rezul'taty s DAMA/NaI

    Otdel'nye stat'i
  • Peresmotr otnositel'nosti
  • Zvezdnoe galo Galaktiki
  • Samye sil'nye magnity v kosmose: istochniki myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov i anomal'nye rentgenovskie pul'sary
  • Poisk korrelyacii sobytii HiRes Stereo s aktivnymi yadrami galaktik
  • Akkuratnyi raschet slivayushihsya dvoinyh s neitronnymi zvezdami: pryamoi i zaderzhannyi kollaps v chernuyu dyru
  • Galaktiki so zvezdoobrazovaniem na z>5
  • Evolyuciya Ap zvezd
  • Otkrytie svyazi mezhdu morfologiei spiral'nyh rukavov i massoi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v diskovyh galaktikah
  • Rassheplenie fotonov i rozhdenie par v sil'nyh magnitnyh polyah
  • Obzory aktivnyh yader galaktik s pomosh'yu VLBI
  • Akkrecionnyi disk vokrug chernoi dyry v NGC 4258: odna iz samyh krasivyh dinamicheskih sistem v prirode
  • Ob interpretacii anizotropii kosmicheskih luchei na ochen' vysokih energiyah
  • Chuvstvitel'nost' teleskopov s kodiruyushei maskoi
  • Metallichnost' i aktivnost' yuzhnyh zvezd
  • Dvoinye sdB zvezdy s massivnymi kompan'onami
  • Himicheskaya evolyuciya Mlechnogo puti i ego sputnikov
  • Sostoyanie i perspektivy kosmomikrofiziki v Evrope
  • O-zvezdy ponizhennoi svetimosti: proishozhdenie i evolyucionnye svyazi
  • Krupnomasshtabnaya struktura vselennoi: ot stepennyh zakonov do akusticheskih pikov
  • Blendforda-Znaeka protiv mehanizma Penrouza
  • K voprosu o dinamicheskoi ustoichivosti Solnechnoi sistemy
  • Vklad Bogdana v nashe ponimanie gamma-vspleskov
  • Termoyadernye sverhnovye
  • Razdel, posvyashennyi gamma-vspleskam, v otchete o sostoyanii i perspektivah gamma-astronomii ochen' vysokih energii
  • "Da budet svet!" Poyavlenie struktury posle Temnoi epohi v Rannei Vselennoi
  • Nablyudenie rentgenovskih vspyshek ot gamma-vspleskov
  • Vse, chto vy hoteli znat' ob opticheskoi interferometrii s dlinnoi bazoi, no stesnyalis' sprosit' svoego nauchnogo rukovoditelya
  • Ocenivanie parametrov galakticheskoi modeli na vysokih shirotah po dannym SDSS
  • Akkuratnye rasstoyaniya do blizkih massivnyh zvezd s uchetom novoi obrabotki syryh dannyh Hipparcos
  • Pervye rezul'taty s DAMA/LIBRA i kombinirovannye rezul'taty s DAMA/NaI


    Iz razdela physics
  • Fraktal'nye i mul'tifraktal'nye vremennye ryady
  • Kosmicheskie luchi i klimat
  • Tainyi mir krevetok: polyarizacionnoe zrenie v luchshem vide


    Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov.

    Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g.

    Arhiv na 14.04.2006 odnim failom
    (36.9 Mb; *.tar.gz)
    gzip homepage

    Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.):
    kosmologiya,
    neitrino,
    kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya,
    galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary,
    nasha Galaktika,
    mezhzvezdnaya sreda,
    zvezdy,
    sverhnovye,
    ostatki sverhnovyh,
    chernye dyry,
    neitronnye zvezdy,
    linzirovanie,
    Solnce,
    ekzoplanety,
    Solnechnaya sistema,
    akkreciya,
    tesnye dvoinye sistemy,
    gamma-vspleski,
    gravitacionnye volny,
    mehanizmy izlucheniya,
    chislennoe modelirovanie,
    dinamika, mehanika
    metody obrabotki dannyh,
    MGD,
    metody nablyudenii,
    budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty,
    prochee.


    Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
    Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah.
    Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph 2001-2003 gg.


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  • Obzory preprintov astro-ph

    Vypusk N183
    astro-ph za 01 - 20 aprelya 2008 goda: izbrannye stat'i

    Referaty otdel'nyh statei



    shutka arxiv:0804.0016 Peresmotr otnositel'nosti (Relativity Revisited)
    Authors: Flora Lopis, Max Tegmark
    Comments: 3 pages

    Fiziki prodolzhayut shutit', i eto pervoe aprelya ne stalo isklyucheniem. Chitaem zamechatel'noe proizvedenie teoretikov iz MIT i slushaem i smotrim ih na YouTube

    Takzhe mozhno otmetit' pervoaprel'skuyu stat'yu Down-sizing Forever.


    obzor arxiv:0804.0019 Zvezdnoe galo Galaktiki (The stellar halo of the Galaxy)
    Authors: Amina Helmi
    Comments: Astronomy & Astrophysics Reviews, in press. 46 pages, 16 figures. Full-resolution version available at this http URL

    Izuchenie galo galaktik vazhno ne tol'ko samo po sebe, ved' galo nesut na sebe otpechatok istorii formirovaniya galaktiki. Znachit, izuchaya galo, my mozhem uznavat' chto-to novoe o tom, kak dannaya konkretnaya galaktika obrazovyvalas'.

    V obzore opisyvayutsya nashi sovremennye znaniya o strukture, kinematike i himicheskom sostave zvezdnogo galo nashei Galaktiki. Sootvetsvenno, zatragivayutsya i voprosy interpretacii etih dannyh.

    V poslednie gody blagodarya obzoram tipa SDSS udalos' uznat' mnogo novogo o strukture galo. Tam obnaruzheny raznoobraznye struktury, yavlyayushiesya rudimentami proshlyh pogloshenii galaktikoi karlikovyh sputnikov. Krome togo, razvivaetsya chislennoe modelirovaniya formirovaniya i evolyucii (vklyuchaya himicheskuyu) Galaktiki. Vse eto otrazheno v obzore.

    obzor arxiv:0804.0250 Samye sil'nye magnity v kosmose: istochniki myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov i anomal'nye rentgenovskie pul'sary (The strongest cosmic magnets: Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars)
    Authors: Sandro Mereghetti
    Comments: Submitted to Astromomy and Astrophysics Review (57 pages, 19 figures, 6 tables)

    Bol'shoi podrobnyi obzor po istochnikam myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov i anomal'nym rentgenovskim pul'saram. T.e., po osnovnym kandidatam v magnitary.


    arxiv:0804.0382 Poisk korrelyacii sobytii HiRes Stereo s aktivnymi yadrami galaktik (Search for Correlations between HiRes Stereo Events and Active Galactic Nuclei)
    Authors: R. U. Abbasi, et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures

    Kak vy pomnite, proekt Ozhe (Auger) zayavil nekotoroe vremya nazad ob obnaruzhenii korrelyacii kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii s blizkimi aktivnymi yadrami galaktik. Bolee rannii (i bolee skromnyi po razmerah i metodam) proekt HiRes raportuet o rezul'tatah poiska analogichnoi korrelyacii v svoih dannyh. Rezul'tat otricatel'nyi. Budem zhdat', kogda Ozhe nakopit bol'she sobytii i vydast novye dannye.


    miniobzor arxiv:0804.0644 Galaktiki so zvezdoobrazovaniem na z>5 (Star Forming Galaxies at z > 5)
    Authors: Yoshi Taniguchi
    Comments: 8 pages, no figure, Proceeding of IAU Symposium 250, in press

    Hotya obzor napisan na ves'ma "yaponskom angliiskom" s massoi opechatok, tem ne menee, v nem ponyatnym obrazom summirovany popytki poiska galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Seichas dobralis' do z~7. Vse eto blagodarya, v osnovnom, poisku v opticheskom diapazone. Chtoby dvigat'sya dal'she, nuzhno nablyudat' v blizhnem IK. No tut poka est' tehnicheskie trudnosti. Poetomu, polagaet avtor, nuzhno zhdat' instrumentov sleduyushego pokoleniya.


    arxiv:0804.0594 Akkuratnyi raschet slivayushihsya dvoinyh s neitronnymi zvezdami: pryamoi i zaderzhannyi kollaps v chernuyu dyru (Accurate evolutions of inspiralling neutron-star binaries: prompt and delayed collapse to black hole)
    Authors: Luca Baiotti, Bruno Giacomazzo, Luciano Rezzolla
    Comments: 33 pages, 29 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D

    Avtory predstavlyayut novyi detal'nyi raschet sliyaniya dvuh neitronnyh zvezd. Predmet osobogo interesa avtorov ? kollaps v chernuyu dyru. V samom dele, obychno summarnaya massa dvuh neitronnyh zvezd prevoshodit predel ustoichivosti otnositel'no kollapsa v chernuyu dyru. Kollaps mozhet proishodit' srazu posle sliyaniya ili zhe s nekotoroi zaderzhkoi. Zaderzhka svyazana s tem, chto bystroe differencial'noe vrashenie mozhet kakoe-to vremya uderzhivat' ob'ekt ot shlopyvaniya.

    Raschety takogo processa kraine slozhny, i dazhe predstavlyaemye rezul'taty daleki ot real'noi situacii. Avtory obsuzhdayut, kakovy mogut byt', naprimer, effekty magnitnyh polei, ne uchityvaemye v dannyh modelyah. Krome togo, poka bylo ispol'zovano dostatochno primitivnoe uravnenie sostoyaniya veshestva neitronnyh zvezd.


    obzor arxiv:0804.0683 Akkrecionye diski, malomassivnye protozvezdy i planety: issledovanie roli magnitnyh polei v zvezdoobrazovanii (Accretion discs, low-mass protostars and planets: probing the impact of magnetic fields on stellar formation)
    Authors: J. F. Donati et al.
    Comments: 20 pages, Proceedings of CNRS/PNPS astrophysical school on "stellar magnetic fields", EAS Publications Series

    Avtory rassmatrivayut progress v ponimanii roli magnitnogo polya v processe obrazovaniya zvezd. V pervuyu ochered' zdes' vazhny pryamye nablyudeniya magnitnyh polei (posmotrite zamechatel'nye kartinki, na kotoryh pokazany struktury magnitnogo polya neskol'kih zvezd tipa T Tel'ca). Zatem sushestvenny chislennye modeli. No, kak obychno, "mnogoe sdelano, no mnogoe eshe predstoit". V poslednei chasti obzora avtory obsuzhdayut nereshennye problemy i vozmozhnye puti ih razresheniya. Zdes' takzhe est' novye nablyudatel'nye programmy, i est' plany po provedeniyu novyh detal'nyh simulyacii.


    miniobzor arxiv:0804.0711 Evolyuciya Ap zvezd (The evolution of Ap stars)
    Authors: P. North, J. Babel, D. Erspamer
    Comments: 11 pages, 6 figures Journal-ref: Contrib. Astron. Obs. Skalnate Pleso 38, 375-384 (2008)

    Ap zvezdy vydelyayutsya svoimi sil'nymi magnitnymi polyami i anomaliyami himicheskogo sostava. V obzore dovol'no detal'no (s istoriei) opisyvayutsya issledovaniya etih ob'ektov. Pravda, voprosov ostaetsya bol'shem chem otvetov.


    arxiv:0804.0773 Otkrytie svyazi mezhdu morfologiei spiral'nyh rukavov i massoi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v diskovyh galaktikah (Discovery of a relationship between spiral arm morphology and supermassive black hole mass in disk galaxies)
    Authors: Marc S. Seigar, Daniel Kennefick, Julia Kennefick, Claud H. S. Lacy
    Comments: 4 pages, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

    Avtory obnaruzhili ves'ma interesnuyu korrelyaciyu mezhdu uglom zakrutki spiralei v diskovyh galaktikah i massoi central'noi sverhmassivnoi chernoi dyry. Massa dyry, kak izvestno, prekrasno korreliruet s massoi baldzha. A massa baldzha dolzhna vliyat' na zakrutku rukavov. Chem bol'she massa dyry, tem bol'she dispersiya skorostei v baldzhe i tem men'she pitch-ugol spiral'nyh rukavov (chem men'she ugol - tem "tuzhe" spiral'nyi uzor).


    arxiv:0804.0832 Rassheplenie fotonov i rozhdenie par v sil'nyh magnitnyh polyah (Photon Splitting and Pair Conversion in Strong Magnetic Fields)
    Authors: Matthew G. Baring
    Comments: 18 pages, 3 embedded figures, invited review, to appear in Proc. CASYS '07 Conference "Computing Anticipatory Systems," eds. D. Dubois, et al. (AIP Conf. Proc., New York, 2008)

    V sil'nyh magnitnyh polyah fotony mogut v odinochku rozhdat' elektron-pozitronnye pary, a takzhe prevrashat'sya v dva fotona men'shei energii. V stat'e rassmatrivayutsya oba processa, a takzhe opisyvaetsya, chto v svyazi s etim mozhet uvidet' zapuskaemyi cherez mesyac sputnik GLAST.

    Posle kratkogo vvedeniya, pervuyu chast' avtor posvyashaet teorii, a vtoruyu - prilozheniyam k astronomii. Mozhno uznat' massu interesnogo. Naprimer, esli chast' kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii yavlyaetsya fotonami (chto, pravda, malo veroyatno), to, vzaimodeistvuya s zemnym magnitnym polem, oni mogut davat' elektron-pozitronnye pary. I sledy takih processov ishut na sootvetstvuyushih ustanovkah.


    miniobzor arxiv:0804.1031 Obzory aktivnyh yader galaktik s pomosh'yu VLBI (VLBI Surveys of Active Galactic Nuclei)
    Authors: Y. Y. Kovalev
    Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; to be published in "Approaching Micro-Arcsecond Resolution with VSOP-2: Astrophysics and Technology", eds. Y.Hagiwara, E.Fomalont, M.Tsuboi, and Y.Murata

    Nablyudeniya s pomosh'yu interferometrov s ochen' bol'shoi bazoi (VLBI) pozvolyaet rassmatrivat' interesnye detali v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik. Nablyudeniya idut ves'ma intensivno: schet istochnikov idet na tysyachi (v obzore figuriruet chislo 4200). Avtor privodit korotkuyu svodku proektov po nablyudeniyam AYaG na VLBI, A zatem obsuzhdaet vozmozhnye nablyudeniya na VSOP-2 (eto sleduyushii yaponskii proekt, predpolagayushii zapusk radioteleskopa na orbitu).


    arxiv:0804.1063 Akkrecionnyi disk vokrug chernoi dyry v NGC 4258: odna iz samyh krasivyh dinamicheskih sistem v prirode (The Black Hole Accretion Disk in NGC 4258: One of Nature's Most Beautiful Dynamical Systems)
    Authors: James M. Moran
    Comments: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted and to appear in "Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAO's 50th Anniversary," ASP Conference Series, eds. Alan H. Bridle, James J. Condon and Gareth C. Hunt

    V galaktike NGC 4258 blagodarya nalichiyu mazernyh istochnikov v akkrecionnom diske vokrug chernoi dyry, my mozhem poluchat' horoshie dannye o vnutrennem parseke. Eto dovol'no redkii sluchai, t.k., izuchiv sotni galaktik, drugih podobnyh sistem naideno malo (vsego megamazernyh galaktik izvestno okolo sotni - pyat' procentov ot issledovannyh, - no stol' "kachestvennyh" - 4-5 shtuk. Issledovaniya takih megamazernyh sistem v diske pozvolyaet poluchat' ochen' tochnye ocenki mass chernyh dyr i opredelyat' rasstoyaniya do galaktik.


    arxiv:0804.1088 Ob interpretacii anizotropii kosmicheskih luchei na ochen' vysokih energiyah (On the interpretation of the cosmic-ray anisotropy at ultra-high energies)
    Authors: D.S. Gorbunov, P.G. Tinyakov, I.I. Tkachev, S.V. Troitsky
    Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures

    Obnaruzhennaya na ustanovke Ozhe korrelyaciya kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii s blizkimi aktivnymi galaktikami ne daet pokoya ni nablyudatelyam, ni teoretikam. Napomnyu, chto nablyudateli s zavershennogo eksperimenta HiRes zayavili, chto oni takoi korrelyacii ne vidyat. A teoretiki srazu zhe nachali kritikovat' poluchennye dannye.

    V dannoi stat'e snova privoditsya kritika interpretacii dannyh, predlozhennoi gruppoi Ozhe, i daetsya al'ternativa. Ona sostoit v tom, chto osnovnoi vklad daetsya odnim blizkim istochnikom - galaktikoi Centavr A.


    arxiv:0804.1089 Chuvstvitel'nost' teleskopov s kodiruyushei maskoi (The sensitivity of coded mask telescopes)
    Authors: Gerald K. Skinner
    Comments: To be published in "Applied Optics"

    Teleskopy s kodiruyushimi maskami aktivno ispol'zuyutsya v rentgenovskom diapazone. Neskol'ko instrumentov seichas na orbite (na sputnikah SWIFT, INTEGRAL), neskol'ko planiruetsya k zapusku v blizhaishie neskol'ko let.

    V stat'e rassmatrivaetsya zadacha o raschete predel'nogo potoka ot istochnika, kotoryi eshe budet zaregistrirovan na fone puassonovskogo shuma. Stat'ya dostatochno tehnicheskaya, no, vozmozhno, komu-to prosto budet interesno pochitat' o takom tipe rentgenovskih teleskopov.


    arxiv:0804.1128 Metallichnost' i aktivnost' yuzhnyh zvezd (Metallicities & Activities of Southern Stars)
    Authors: J. S. Jenkins, H. R. A. Jones, Y. Pavlenko, D. J. Pinfield, J. R. Barnes, Y. Lyubchik
    Comments: 21 pages, 19 figures, 4 tables, accepted A&A (04/04/2008)

    Na 2.2-metrovom teleskope v Chili avtory izuchali svoistva 353 yarkih (7.5-9.5)solncepodobnyh zvezd yuzhnogo neba. Opredelyalos' soderzhanie zheleza i hromosfernaya aktivnost'. Interesnyi rezul'tat svyazan s tem, chto neskol'ko zvezd prohodyat stadiyu svoego maunderovskogo minimuma. Sootvetstvenno, mozhno skazat', chto Solnce v techenie svoei zhizni provodit v takom sostoyanii neskol'ko procentov vremeni (poskol'ku dolya zvezd na stadii maunderovskogo minimuma sostavila neskol'ko procentov ot polnoi vyborki).


    arxiv:0804.1282 Dvoinye sdB zvezdy s massivnymi kompan'onami (Binary sdB Stars with Massive Compact Companions)
    Authors: S. Geier, C. Karl, H. Edelmann, U. Heber, R. Napiwotzki
    Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 3rd Meeting on Hot Subdwarf Stars and Related Objects, U. Heber, S. Jeffery, Napiwotzki eds. 2008, ASP Conference Series, 392, 207

    Avtory izuchili dvizhenie neskol'kih sdB zvezd, u kotoryh zapodozreny nevidimye kompan'ony. V nekotoryh sluchayah (pravda, v ramkah predpolozhenie o prilivnoi sinhronizacii, kotoroe neploho argumentirovano) udaetsya ogranichit' diapazon uglov naklona orbity, t.e., mozhno opredelyat' massy kompan'onov. Sredi 9 sluchaev pyat' kompan'onov mogut byt' belymi karlikami ili slabymi zvezdami glavnoi posledovatel'nosti. Eto ponyatno. No v chetyreh sluchaya massy poluchayutsya >1 solnechnoi. Znachit, kompan'onami yavlyayutsya massivnye belye karliki ili dazhe neitronnye zvezdy ili chernye dyry. Eto uzhe ne ukladyvaetsya v standartnuyu kartinu. Konechno, mozhet byt' dannye eshe budut peresmotreny, tem ne menee rezul'tat interesnyi.


    obzor arxiv:0804.1492 Himicheskaya evolyuciya Mlechnogo puti i ego sputnikov (Chemical evolution of the Milky Way and its Satellites)
    Authors: Francesca Matteucci
    Comments: To appear on the Proceedings of the 37th Saas-Fee Advanced Course of the Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy, " The Origin of the Galaxy and the Local Group", eds. E. Grebel and B. Moore, 93 pages, 65 figures

    Stat'ya predstavlyaet soboi summu lekcii, posvyashennyh himicheskoi evolyucii nashei Galaktiki i ee sputnikov. Eta tema vklyuchaet v sebya ochen' mnogo razlichnyh podtem: eto i zvezdnaya evolyuciya, i zvezdnaya dinamika, i final'nye stadii evolyucii zvezd. Eto delaet i tematiku, i sam obzor ochen' interesnymi, poskol'ku prihoditsya uvyazyvat' vmeste raznye oblasti issledovanii. Esli propuskat' nekotorye detali, to obzor daet vpechatlenie pochti o vsei astrofizike.


    obzor arxiv:0804.1500 Sostoyanie i perspektivy kosmomikrofiziki v Evrope (Status and Perspectives of Astroparticle Physics in Europe)
    Authors: Christian Spiering
    Comments: 16 pages, 20 figures. To be published in Astronomische Nachrichten

    Astroparticle Physics (ya budu ispol'zovat' udachnyi perevod "kosmomikrofizika") zavoevala status samostoyatel'noi discipliny na styke astrofiziki, fiziki elementarnyh chastic (i uskoritel'noi, i kosmicheskih luchei) i kosmologii. Razumeetsya, chasto nevozmozhno (da i ne nuzhno) tochno opredelit' yavlyaetsya li dannaya rabota ili proekt "kosmomikrofizicheskim" ili ego luchshe nazyvat' kak-to inache. Kak by to ni bylo ? Oblast' harakterizuetsya eshe i tem, chto v nei osushestvlyayutsya ochen' dorogie proekty. Poetomu razlichnye agentstva stroyat dolgosrochnye plany. V stat'e daetsya ochen' interesnyi obzor togo, chto planiruet v etoi oblasti Evropa na blizhaishie 10 let.

    Osnovnye voprosy, kotorye stavyat pered soboi v dannoi programme uchenye, takovy:

  • Chto takoe temnaya materiya?
  • Kakovo vremya zhizni protona?
  • Kakova rol' neitrino v kosmologicheskoi evolyucii?
  • Chto mozhno uznat' s pomosh'yu neitrino o vnutrennem stroenii Solnca, Zemli, a takzhe o fizike sverhnovyh?
  • Kakovo proishozhdenie kosmicheskih luchei i kakie astronomicheskie istochniki izluchayut na ochen' vysokih energiyah.
  • Chto mogut skazat' gravitacionnye volny i burnyh astrofizicheskih fenomenah i o prirode gravitacii?

    Pervym stoit vopros o prirode temnoi materii. Zdes' osnovnymi kandidatami yavlyayutsya neitralino i aksiony. Chto delaetsya? Vo-pervyh, idut laboratornye eksperimenty po pryamomu detektirovaniyu chastic temnoi materii. V etoi oblasti evropeicy, pozhalui, aktivnee drugih, i planiruetsya prodolzhat' poiski. Vo-vtoryh, est' vozmozhnost' uvidet' chasticy, yavlyayushiesya produktami raspada ili annigilyacii chastic temnoi materii, naprimer, gamma-kvanty. U evropeicev seichas letaet sputnik PAMELA, ot kotorogo mozhno ozhidat' interesnyh rezul'tatov do zapuska bolee moshnogo amerikanskogo AMS. Odnako, pohozhe, chto u PAMELA est' kakie-to trudnosti. V gamma-diapazone u evropeicev est' nebol'shoi sputnik AGILE. Planiruemyi v blizhaishie mesyacy k zapusku amerikanskii GLAST budet namnogo effektivnee. Krome togo, mozhno iskat' produkty raspada s pomosh'yu nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov, i tut s H.E.S.S. i MAGIC evropeicy vperedi planety vsei. Evropeiskie plany po postroike bol'shogo morskogo neitrinnogo detektora potihon'ku pretvoryayutsya v zhizn', no ochen' potihon'ku (ob etom sm. nizhe). Nakonec, v tret'ih, koe-chto mogut dat' uskoritel'nye eksperimenty, i zdes', konechno, vse nadezhdy na LHC.

    Chto kasaetsya temnoi energii, to tut Evropa ogranichivaetsya standartnymi astronomicheskimi proektami v oblasti nablyudatel'noi kosmologii. Samym vazhnym, navernoe, v blizhaishie 10 let budet zapusk sputnika Planck (oktyabr' 2008 goda). Krome togo, planiruyutsya obzory v razlichnyh diapazonah spektra, no eto chistaya astronomiya, kotoruyu kosmomikrofizika podderzhivaet moral'no.

    Sleduyushim punktom stoit poisk raspada protona. Dlya obnaruzheniya nado stroit' podzemnye detektory tipa SuperKamiokande, tol'ko na poryadok bol'she. Poka idet prorabotka neskol'kih podhodov (mozhno perechislit' neskol'ko nazvanii proektov LENA, GLACIER, MEMPHYS, LAGUNA). Planiruetsya, chto k 2010 godu budet vybran proekt. Odnako, vse eshe mozhet sil'no zamedlit'sya. Stoimost' ustanovki budet poryadka polumilliarda evro. S takimi proektami evropeicy lyubyat tyanut', poskol'ku nuzhno mezhdunarodnaya kooperaciya, a "u vseh svoi problemy". Razumeetsya, takoi detektor budet i prekrasnym neitrinnym detektorom.

    Teper' o "lovle neitrino za borodu". Zdes' interesny ne tol'ko eksperimenty tipa morskih detektorov s ob'emom poryadka kubicheskogo kilometra. Vo-pervyh, idut popytki pomerit' massu neitrino v laboratorii po izmereniyu spektra elektronov pri beta-raspade (eksperiment KATRINA v Germanii). Vo-vtoryh, interesny issledovaniya dvoinogo bezneitrinnogo beta-raspada. Oni dolzhny dat' otvet na vopros o tom, yavlyayutsya li neitrino maioranovskimi ili dirakovskimi. Dvoinoi bezneitrinnyi beta-raspad vozmozhen tol'ko, esli neitrino maioranovskie.

    Kosmicheskie luchi. Evropa aktivneishim obrazom uchastvuet v proekte Ozhe. Cherez neskol'ko let nachnetsya montazh severnoi chasti ustanovki v SShA (yuzhnaya polnost'yu gotova i rabotaet). V severnoi chasti 45 procentov prinadlezhit Evrope. Hotya chashe govoryat o kosmicheskih luchah sverhvysokih energii, odnako i na men'shih energiyah est' eshe nemalo nereshennyh problem. Dlya ih razresheniya stroyat otdel'nye detektory. Odin iz detektorov stoit v Germanii, i on budet prodolzhat' svoyu rabotu.

    Gamma-astronomiya. Evropeicy ne sobirayutsya ostanavlivat'sya na uspehah, dostignutyh gruppami H.E.S.S. i MAGIC. Razrabatyvaetsya proekt gorazdo bolee krupnoi seti nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov. Po vsei vidimosti budet dve seti (severnaya i yuzhnaya) s neskol'ko raznymi parametrami, optimizirovannymi dlya izucheniya galakticheskih istochnikov (yug) i vnegalakticheskih (sever).

    Kraine zamanchivo nachat' registrirovat' neitrino vysokih energii. Eto vozmozhno s pomosh'yu kilometrovyh detektorov v vode ili l'du. Poka v Antakrtide idet montazh IceCube, evropeicy testiruyut v Sredizemnom more neskol'ko prototipov vodnyh detektorov. O edinom evropeiskom detektore poka idut peregovory. Rano ili pozdno on navernyaka budet postroen, no kakaya-to konkretnaya informaciya o dizaine i tp. otsutstvuet. Krome togo, obsuzhdayutsya proekty kosvennoi registracii neitrino ochen' vysokih energii po radioizlucheniyu. V kachestve rabochego tela tut mozhet vystupat', naprimer, Luna.

    Nakonec, poslednyaya tema svyazana s gravitacionnymi volnami. V Evrope rabotayut VIRGO i GEO600. Apgreid VIRGO pozvolit poluchit' pribor, kotoryi deistvitel'no smozhet imet' priemlemyi temp registracii sliyanii neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr. Planiruyutsya bolee krupnye ustanovki (Einstein Telescope), no yasno, chto dazhe pri optimisticheskom razvitii sobytii ih sooruzhenie ne popadaet v blizhaishie 10 let. Chto kasaetsya kosmicheskih detektorov, to tut ESA sotrudnichaet s NASA v dele sozdaniya LISA. Poka obsuzhdaetsya data zapuska 2018 god. No, skoree vsego, ona budet neskol'ko otodvinuta. V 2010 godu evropeicy dolzhny zapustit' prototip. Esli s nim vse proidet udachno, to, navernoe, poyavitsya real'nyh grafik realizacii bol'shogo osnovnogo proekta.

    Itogo. Seichas kosmomikrofizika nahoditsya na etape, kogda mozhno uspet' snyat' slivki. Pravda, trebuetsya stroit' ochen' dorogie i tehnicheski slozhnye ustanovki na zemle, pod zemlei, pod vodoi i v kosmose. V konce stat'i avtor privodit svodku proektov (i summy), kotorye budut realizovyvat'sya v blizhaishie 10 let. Pohozhe, chto Evropa ne otstaet ot SShA, ili otstaet ne sil'no. Nu na ee vtoroe mesto pokushat'sya vrode by i nekomu.

    miniobzor arxiv:0804.1527 O-zvezdy ponizhennoi svetimosti: proishozhdenie i evolyucionnye svyazi (Subluminous O Stars - Origin and Evolutionary Links)
    Authors: Uli Heber
    Comments: 11 pages, to appear in "Hydrogen deficient stars", K. Werner & T. Rauch (eds.), ASP Conference Series, Vol. 391, p.245 (2008)

    Na vysokih galakticheskih shirotah nablyudayutsya slabye golubye zvezdy. V obzore rech' idet o zvezdah spektral'nogo klassa O, no men'shei svetimosti, chem obychnye zvezdy etogo klassa. Eto, t.o., goryachii analog sdB zvezd. Poslednie chasto nablyudayut v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah. Ih interpretiruyut kak zvezdy gorizontal'noi vetvi (t.e. tam idet gorenie geliya), no s ochen' nebol'shimi vodorodnymi obolochkami (t.e. vodorod v obolochke ne gorit). Ih eshe nazyvayut ekstremal'nymi zvezdami gorizontal'noi vetvi. Oni neposredstvenno prevratyatsya v belye karliki, minuya asimptoticheskuyu vetv'. Eti zvezdy - sdB - po svoim spektral'nym svoistvam pohozhi drug na druga. V to vremya kak slabye O-zvezdy bolee neodnorodny v etom smysle. V chastnosti, est' zvezdy etogo tipa s bol'shim so znachitel'nymi sledami geliya v spektrah, i zvezdy bez nih.

    Kakovo proishozhdenie sdO zvezd, t.e. kakov ih evolyucionnyi status? Okonchatel'nogo otveta net. Obsuzhdaetsya neskol'ko variantov. Sredi nih pozdnyaya vspyshka zvezdy (eto gelievaya vspyshka v yadre), uzhe ushedshei s vetvi krasnyh gigantov v storonu belyh karlikov. A takzhe - sliyanie dvuh belyh karlikov.

    V zaklyuchenie, v stat'e opisyvaetsya otkrytie sdO zvezdy s ochen' bol'shoi prostranstvennoi skorost'yu (700 km v sek). Polagayut, chto zvezdy ``razgonyayutsya'' za schet vzaimodeistviya so sverhmassivnoi chernoi dyroi v centre Galaktiki. Esli eto tak, to mozhno opredelit', kogda zvezda byla vybroshena iz centra. V sluchae obsuzhdaemoi sdO zvezdy eto 36 millionov let nazad.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu arxiv:0804.2366, gde tozhe rech' idet ob O-zvezdah, bednyh vodorodom i imeyushih ponizhennuyu svetimost', hotya eto i ne sdO-zvezdy (sm. risunok 1, gde pokazano polozhenie raznyh tipov proevolyucionirovavshih goryachih zvezd na diagramme temperatura-uskorenie).


    obzor arxiv:0804.1536 Krupnomasshtabnaya struktura vselennoi: ot stepennyh zakonov do akusticheskih pikov (The Large Scale Structure in the Universe: From Power-Laws to Acoustic Peaks)
    Authors: Vicent J. Martinez
    Comments: 20 pages, 12 figures, to appear in "Data Analysis in Cosmology", Lecture Notes in Physics, 2008, eds. V. J. Martinez, E. Saar, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, and M.J. Pons-Borderia, Springer-Verlag

    Opisyvayutsya osnovnye podhody k izucheniyu statisticheskih svoistv raspredeleniya galaktik, t.e. krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Stat'ya ne yavlyaetsya legkim chtivom, krome, byt' mozhet, istoricheskogo vvedeniya.


    obzor arxiv:0804.1912 Mehanizm Blendforda-Znaeka protiv mehanizma Penrouza (Blandford-Znajek mechanism versus Penrose process)
    Authors: S. S. Komissarov
    Comments: 24 pages, To be published in the proceedings of the APCTP Winter School on Black Hole Astrophysics, 24-29 Jan 2008, Daejeon and Pohang, Korea

    Vrashayushiesya chernye dyry imeyut bol'shoi zapas energii, kotoruyu nuzhno umet' zabrat'. Esli eto poluchaetsya, to mozhno zapuskat' moshnye istecheniya - dzhety, - kotorye nablyudayutsya i v dvoinyh sistemah, i v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik. Vozmozhno, chto i v gamma-vspleskah my imeem takuyu zhe situaciyu: vrashayushayasya chernaya dyra, disk i dzhety. Sushestvuet neskol'ko idei, kak mozhno zabirat' u chernoi dyry energiyu. Naibolee populyarnym yavlyaetsya mehanizm, predlozhennyi Blendfordom i Znaekom 30 let nazad. No est' i drugie. Naprimer, mehanizm, osnovannyi na idee Penrouza. V obzore detal'no razbirayutsya mehanizmy ispol'zovaniya energii chernyh dyr i ocenivaetsya ih vazhnost' v real'nyh astrofizicheskih situaciyah. Stat'ya ochen' neprostaya.


    arxiv:0804.1946 K voprosu o dinamicheskoi ustoichivosti Solnechnoi sistemy (On the Dynamical Stability of the Solar System)
    Authors: Konstantin Batygin, Gregory Laughlin
    Comments: 37 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

    Avtory chislenno issleduyut dinamicheskuyu ustoichivost' Solnechnoi sistemy na bol'shih vremenah (milliardy let). Nikakoi neustoichivosti ne naideno (zamechu, chto issledovat' vremena bolee, skazhem, pyati milliardov let neskol'ko bessmyslenno, prosto potomu, chto Solnce evolyucioniruet). Odnako eto eshe ne konec istorii. Neskol'ko let nazad Zhak Laskar pokazal, chto planetnye orbity vse-taki mogut byt' neustoichivy (ili, esli ugodno, chto obychnye metody rascheta upuskayut nekotorye vozmozhnosti razvitiya sobytii). Poskol'ku sistema imeet harakteristiki haoticheskoi sistemy, to slabye vozmusheniya mogut privodit' k bol'shim posledstviyam (effekt babochki). Laskar "rukami" vnosil slabye vozmusheniya v zemnuyu orbitu (Zemlya smeshalas' na 150 metrov v tu ili inuyu storonu), a zatem otbiral scenarii razvitiya sobytii, v kotoryh ekscentrisitet Merkuriya vozrastal. Posle shaga integrirovaniya v polmilliarda let v sistemu snova vnosilis' slabye vozmusheniya, i snova otbiralis' scenarii, gde orbita Merkuriya vse bol'she vytyagivalas'. V itoge za 6 milliardov let ekscentrisitet Merkuriya vyros do 0.5. T.e., est' malen'kaya veroyatnost' togo, chto orbity vse-taki budut sil'no drugimi spustya neskol'ko milliardov let (dlya Merkuriya Laskar poluchil ocenku veroyatnosti togo, chto ekscentrisitet vyrastet do 0.6 za 5 milliardov let, poryadka 1 procenta).

    Avtory primenili laskarovskuyu tehniku i pokazali, chto orbity planet zemnoi gruppy mogut okazyvat'sya neustoichivymi na vremenah poryadka milliarda let. A vot v mire gigantov vse spokoino. Avtory ne uchityvali effekty OTO (Laskar uchityval). Oni obsuzhdayut, naskol'ko eto vazhno v dannoi zadache.


    obzor arxiv:0804.2074 Vklad Bogdana v nashe ponimanie gamma-vspleskov (Bohdan's Impact on Our Understanding of Gamma-ray Bursts)
    Authors: Tsvi Piran
    Comments: 19 pages, A talk given at The Variable Universe A Celebration of Bohdan Paczy'nski. To appear at the proccedings edited by Kris Stanek

    Bogdana Pachinskogo bolee chem spravedlivo schitayut odnim iz samyh znachitel'nyh astrofizikov 20 veka (dumayu, budet spravedlivo, esli zapuskaemyi v mae sputnik GLAST nazovut v ego chest'). On vnes vklad v raznye oblasti astronomii. Emu bylo svoistvenno i generirovat' yarkie "bystrye" idei, i spravlyat'sya so slozhnymi glubokimi voprosami. Odnoi iz oblastei, v kotoroi ego vklad kraine velik, yavlyaetsya astrofizika gamma-vspleskov.

    V svoei stat'e Cvi Piran daet ochen' yarkii obzor istorii razvitiya astrofiziki gamma-vspleskov i roli Pachinskogo v etom. Chitat' stoit po trem prichinam: prosto horosho napisano (yarko, veselo, dinamichno), horosho ocherchena istoriya, mozhno legko ponyat' osnovnye cherty sovremennoi stanlartnoi modeli gamma-vspleskov.


    obzor arxiv:0804.2147 Termoyadernye sverhnovye (Thermonuclear Supernovae)
    Authors: F. K. Roepke
    Comments: 25 pages, 7 figures (some with reduced resolution), invited review at "Supernovae: lights in the darkness", October 3-5, 2007, Mao (Menorca), to appear in Proceedings of Science

    Prostymi ponyatnymi slovami i kartinkami avtor ob'yasnyaet, chto my znaem o mehanizme vspyshek sverhnovyh tipa Ia (vzryv belogo karlika), i obsuzhdaet nereshennye problemy. Pervaya (i edinstvennaya) formula poyavlyaetsya tol'ko na 15-i stranice. Pozhalui, mozhno porekomendovat' etot obzor dlya vseobshego prochteniya. Krome togo, mozhno porekomendovat' obzor arxiv:0804.2556.


    miniobzor arxiv:0804.2256 Razdel, posvyashennyi gamma-vspleskam, v otchete o sostoyanii i perspektivah gamma-astronomii ochen' vysokih energii (The Gamma Ray Burst section of the White Paper on the Status and Future of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy: A Brief Preliminary Report )
    Authors: A. D. Falcone et al.
    Comments: to appear in Proceedings of Gamma Ray Bursts 2007 Meeting, Santa Fe, New Mexico; 5 pages, 4 figures

    Korotkaya zametka, v kotoroi daetsya obzor nablyudenii gamma-vspleskov s pomosh'yu nazemnyh gamma-teleskopah v diapazone poryadka TeV. Eto razdel bol'shogo otcheta. Ego cel' - dat' rekomendacii dlya budushih proektov. Ochen' koncentrirovano opisano tepereshnee sostoyanie del (est' neskol'ko nepodtverzhdennyh slabyh kandidatov), teoreticheskie osnovy, pozvolyayushie nadeyat'sya na registraciyu gamma-vspleskov na vysokih energiyah, i sdelany nekotorye vyvody, kasatel'no budushih nablyudenii.


    obzor arxiv:0804.2258 "Da budet svet!" Poyavlenie struktury posle Temnoi epohi v Rannei Vselennoi (Let there be Light: the Emergence of Structure out of the Dark Ages in the Early Universe)
    Authors: Abraham Loeb
    Comments: 32 pages, 18 figures, an invited review for the UNESCO EOLSS Encyclopedia

    Horoshii obzor na urovne staroi dobroi "Fiziki kosmosa". V nem rasskazyvaetsya o poyavlenie pervyh ob'ektov vo vselennoi i o roste krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. No, razumeetsya, takoi rasskaz nevozmozhen bez nekotorogo kosmologicheskogo vvedeniya i rasskaza o nablyudeniyah. Vse eto v obzore nalichestvuet.


    miniobzor arxiv:0804.2260 Nablyudenie rentgenovskih vspyshek ot gamma-vspleskov (Observations of X-ray Flares from Gamma Ray Bursts)
    Authors: A. D. Falcone et al.
    Comments: Solicited paper to appear in Proceedings of Gamma Ray Bursts 2007 Meeting, Santa Fe, New Mexico; 6 pages, 4 figures

    Ot 30 do 50 procentov gamma-vspleskov soprovozhdayutsya rentgenovskimi vspyshkami (ne putat' s poslesvecheniem!), kotorye proishodyat spustya sotni, tysyachi, ili dazhe desyatki tysyach sekund posle osnovnogo vspleska. Teoriya etogo yavleniya ne ochen' ponyatna, i v korotkom obzore v osnovnom osuzhdayutsya nablyudeniya, v pervuyu ochered' na sputnike Swift, kotoryi igraet pervuyu skripku v izuchenii etih rentgenovskih vspyshek.


    obzor arxiv:0804.2368 Vse, chto vy hoteli znat' ob opticheskoi interferometrii s dlinnoi bazoi, no stesnyalis' sprosit' svoego nauchnogo rukovoditelya (All you ever wanted to know about optical long baseline stellar interferometry, but were too shy to ask your adviser)
    Authors: Florentin Millour
    Comments: 22 pages

    Vse znayut o tom, chto radioteleskopy rabotayut v rezhime interferometrov. No ran'she poyavilis' imenno opticheskie pribory etogo tipa, i uzhe v 1921 godu izmerili diametr Betel'geize. Odnako potom primerno polveka opticheskaya interferometriya byla podzabyta-podzabroshena. Seichas v mire rabotaet okolo desyatka opticheskih interferometrov razlichnyh tipov (v stat'e daetsya detal'naya tablica). Sredi nih i Kek (dva 10-metrovyh teleskopa na rasstoyanii 85 metrov drug ot druga), i VLTI (chetyre 9-metrovyh i neskol'ko 1.8-metrovyh s maksimal'noi bazoi 130 metrov).

    V obzore daetsya i neobhodimaya teoriya, i privodyatsya detal'nye primery rabotayushih ustanovok, i, konechno, privodyatsya rezul'taty.


    arxiv:0804.2482 Ocenivanie parametrov galakticheskoi modeli na vysokih shirotah po dannym SDSS (Estimation of galactic model parameters in high latitudes with SDSS)
    Authors: S. Bilir, A. Cabrera-Lavers, S. Karaali, S. Ak, E. Yaz, L?pez-Corredoira
    Comments: 18 pages, including 16 figures and 3 tables, accepted for publication in PASA

    Avtory ispol'zuyut dannye SDSS dlya opredeleniya parametrov modeli galaktiki na raznyh galakticheskih shirotah v zavisimosti ot dolgoty.

    Disk Galaktiki sil'no nerovnyi, poetomu naivno dumat', chto ego tolshina tochnee, tolshina razlichnyh ego komponent) ne zavisit ot azimutal'nogo ugla. Vot avtory i smotryat, kak izmenyayutsya parametry na raznyh dolgotah. Ne tol'ko disk nesimmetrichen, no i galo, i eto tozhe yavlyaetsya predmetom issledovaniya. Kogo interesuyut osnovnye chisla - oni est' uzhe v abstrakte stat'i. Vozmozhnye prichiny (galakticheskii bar, trehosnost' galo i tp.) summirovany v zaklyuchitel'nom abzace na str. 16.


    arxiv:0804.2553 Akkuratnye rasstoyaniya do blizkih massivnyh zvezd s uchetom novoi obrabotki syryh dannyh Hipparcos (Accurate distances to nearby massive stars with the new reduction of the Hipparcos raw data)
    Authors: J. Maiz Apellaniz, E. J. Alfaro, A. Sota
    Comments: 6 pages, Poster presented at IAU Symposium 250: Massive stars as cosmic engines, 10-14 December 2007.

    Avtory provodyat pereocenku rasstoyanii do nekotoryh blizkih massivnyh zvezd (sredi kotoryh, konechno, mnogo yarkih izvestnyh ob'ektov). Rezul'taty prosto porazitel'nye (chto, razumeetsya, vyzyvaet zdorovyi skepticizm). Naprimer, rasstoyanie do Deneba ocenivali v 13.26 kpk (pravda, s ochen' bol'shoi oshibkoi), a teper' ono stalo 0.48 kpk.


    arxiv:0804.2741 Pervye rezul'taty s DAMA/LIBRA i kombinirovannye rezul'taty s DAMA/NaI (First results from DAMA/LIBRA and the combined results with DAMA/NaI)
    Authors: R. Bernabei et al.
    Comments: 40 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables

    V laboratorii Gran Sasso idet novyi eksperiment po poisku chastic temnoi materii. Eto DAMA/LIBRA (opisanie chitaite v stat'e arxiv:0804.2738). Eto razvitie izvestnogo eksperimenta DAMA, kotoryi neskol'ko let nazad uzhe zayavlyal o tom, chto oni vidyat signal, t.k. imela mesto sezonnaya modulyaciya, kotoruyu avtory proekta ob'yasnyali izmeneniem otnositel'noi skorosti Zemli i chastic temnoi materii v processe vrasheniya nashei planety vokrug Solnca. Seichas avtory snova govoryat o polozhitel'nom rezul'tate uzhe na novoi ustanovke.

    Avtory zayavlyayut, chto na urovne vyshe 8 standartnyh otklonenii vidyat godichnuyu modulyaciyu na novoi ustanovke (s uchetom staryh rezul'tatov). Vyvod sdelan na osnove 4-letnih nablyudenii. Interpretaciya: nablyudaetsya signal ot registracii chastic temnoi materii, zapolnyayushih galo nashei Galaktiki.

    Razumeetsya, bol'shoi razdel v stat'e posvyashen vozmozhnym sistematicheskim effektam. No v lyubom sluchae, vidimo, pridetsya zhdat' nezavisimogo eksperimenta.




    My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).


    arxiv:0804.0747 Fraktal'nye i mul'tifraktal'nye vremennye ryady (Fractal and Multifractal Time Series)
    Authors: Jan W. Kantelhardt
    Comments: 59 pages, 11 figures, for Springer's Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science

    Stat'ya posvyashena podrobnomu razboru slozhnyh vremennyh ryadov. Oni svoistvenny slozhnym dinamicheskim sistemam, t.e. takim, kotorye sostoyat iz neskol'kih nelineino vzaimodeistvuyushih komponent, prichem sistemu nel'zya razdelit' na podsistemy bez poteri informacii o ee dinamike vcelom. Vremennye ryady, vydavaemye takimi sistemami mogut imet' fraktal'nye svoistva (izvestnym primerom yavlyaetsya rabota serdca). Razrabotany metody analiza takih ryadov. Imenno oni i yavlyayutsya osnovnym predmetov obzora.


    arxiv:0804.1938 Kosmicheskie luchi i klimat (Cosmic Rays and Climate)
    Authors: Jasper Kirkby
    Comments: 42 pages, 19 figures Journal-ref: Surveys in Geophysics 28, 333-375 (Nov 2007)

    Avtor obzora yavlyaetsya proponentom gipotezy o tom, chto klimat sushestvennym obrazom zavisit ot galakticheskogo potoka kosmicheskih luchei, kotorye moduliruyut plotnost' oblachnogo pokrova.

    Obzor sostoit iz dvuh osnovnyh chastei. V odnoi obsuzhdaetsya paleoklimat i potok kosmicheskih luchei v proshlom (vklyuchaya i otnositel'no nedavnee proshloe, naprimer maunderovskii minimum). Vo vtoroi rassmatrivayutsya vozmozhnye fizicheskie mehanizmy, otvetstvenny za svyaz' kosmicheskih luchei s oblachnym pokrovom.

    Otmechu, chto v obzore nikak ne obsuzhdaetsya kritika Volfendeila (wolfendale) i ego soavtorov.


    arxiv:0804.2162 Tainyi mir krevetok: polyarizacionnoe zrenie v luchshem vide (The secret world of shrimps: polarisation vision at its best)
    Authors: Sonja Kleinlogel, Andrew G. White
    Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

    V prirode chasto mozhno vstretit' polyarizovannoe izluchenie. Okazyvaetsya, mnogie zhivotnye vosprinimayut lineinuyu polyarizaciyu sveta. Krugovuyu, schitaetsya, ne vosprinimaet nikto. Ona i vstrechaetsya rezhe. S drugoi storony, pochemu by zhivotnym ne umet' opredelyat' vse parametry Stoksa? Avtory pokazyvayut, chto odin iz vidov krevetok umeet eto delat', t.e. vosprinimaet i lineinuyu, i krugovuyu polyarizaciyu.



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