The R.A.P.Project "Prosto o slozhnom" "Astro-ph za pervuyu polovinu 2003 g." Nemnogo statistiki Predydushii vypusk (N63) Populyarno dlya professionalov Slovar' astroterminov Spisok missii i teleskopov Obzory UFN Stat'i SOZh ANKa Dnya 17.11.2003. Minigalo i obrazovanie pervyh zvezd 10.11.2003. "Esli by krasota ubivala ..." Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora Stat'i nedeli "Luchshie iz luchshih" astro-ph/0401086 Dvoinoi radiopul'sar astro-ph/0401024 Prigodnaya dlya zhizni zona Galaktiki astro-ph/0401092 Potok Andromedy Otdel'nye stat'i Tehnika nablyudenii relikta i poslednie rezul'taty Prostaya model' evolyucii sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr i populyacii kvazarov Stolknoveniya zvezd v rezul'tate vzaimodeistviya dvoinyh i odinochnyh ob'ektov Dvoinoi radioistochnik 3C343.1: para iz galaktiki i kvazara s sil'no razlichayushimisya krasnymi smesheniyami Gamma-vspleski i ih central'nye mashiny Prigodnaya dlya zhizni zona Galaktiki i raspredelenie slozhnoi zhizni po vozrastam v Mlechnom Puti Mikrolinzirovanie ellipticheskih istochnikov kaustikami tipa skladki Kol'ca v galo planetarnyh tumannostei Sistema s dvoinym radiopul'sarom - redkaya udacha dlya relyativistskoi gravitacii i fiziki plazmy Pervichnyi nukleosintez dlya novoi kosmologii: raskrytie neopredelennostei i proverka soglasovannosti Potok Andromedy Akkrecionnye potoki vokrug chernyh dyr zvezdnyh mass i neitronnyh zvezd Novye pul'sary vblizi neotozhdestvlennyh gamma-istochnikov Iz razdela physics Chto proizoshlo s sovremennoi fizikoi? Modernizaciya fabrik chastic Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov. Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g. Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.): kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee. Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki. Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah. Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g. Obsudit' na forume Scientific.RU Obsudit' na forume Zvezdocheta Avtory proekta Sergei Popov Mihail Prohorov Postav'te u sebya nashu knopku! Proekt razmeshen na saitah: Vy mozhet takzhe razmestit' na svoem saite nashu lentu obzorov Novostnye lenty Novosti astronomii ot PRAO Tekushie otkrytiya v FECh Novosti kosmonavtiki Novosti ot UFN Informnauka Perst Podpiska na rassylku obzorov na Subscribe.Ru Druzhestvennaya rassylka "Okno vo Vselennuyu"

Obzory preprintov astro-ph Vypusk N64 astro-ph za 01 - 11 yanvarya 2004 goda: izbrannye stat'i Referaty otdel'nyh statei obzor astro-ph/0401001 Tehnika nablyudenii relikta i poslednie rezul'taty (CMB Observational Techniques and Recent Results) Authors: E. L. Wright Comments: Write up of 3 lectures delivered at the NATO ASI on "Frontiers of the Universe: Cosmology 2003" in Cargese, Sep 2003. 29 pages Latex with 21 figures. Slides from the lectures are available through http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm Konspekt treh lekcii po nablyudeniyam mikrovolnovogo reliktovogo izlucheniya. Reliktovoe izluchenie - odin iz glavnyh istochnikov informacii v kosmologii. Kak horosho izvestno, seichas na orbite funkcioniruet amerikanskii sputnik MAR. Cherez neskol'ko let budet zapushen krupnyi evropeiskii apparat Plank. Krome togo, na Zemle rabotaet celaya armiya razlichnyh detektorov (vklyuchaya ustanovlennye na aerostatah). Poetomu est' progress i v tehnike, i v obrabotke dannyh, nu i sobstvenno v kosmologii. Avtor nachinaet s samyh-samyh azov, no nado otmetit', chto rech' idet v osnovnom o tehnike (radioelektronike i t.p.). Ochen' rekomenduem posmotret' cvetnye slaidy po ssylke. astro-ph/0401003 Prostaya model' evolyucii sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr i populyacii kvazarov (A simple model for the evolution of super-massive black holes and the quasar population) Authors: Asim Mahmood, Julien E. G. Devriendt, Joseph Silk Comments: 15 pages, 16 figures Kak my pisali v proshlom vypuske, issledovanie evolyucii aktivnyh yader galaktik - kraine interesnoe zanyatie! Krome vsego prochego, v etoi oblasti eshe mozhno stroit' "prostye modeli". Osnovnoe, chto nuzhno ob'yasnyat' - eto raspredelenie kvazarov po svetimostyam na raznyh krasnyh smesheniyah. Avtory rassmatrivayut rost massy chernoi dyry za schet akkrecii veshestva. Pri etom izmenyayutsya i astrofizicheskie (nablyudatel'nye) proyavleniya yadra galaktiki. Poskol'ku model' vo mnogom fenomenologicheskaya, avtoram, na nash vzglyad, mnogoe prihoditsya zadavat' rukami. Navernoe, sleduet delat' sleduyushie shagi v podobnyh issledovaniya, kotorye pozvolyali by ob'yasnyat' fakty, kotorye zdes' lish' postuliruyutsya. Ob obrazovanii sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0401010 (Formation of Super-massive Black Holes). Ob obrazovanii galaktik sm. astro-ph/0401032 (Some Current Issues in Galaxy Formation). Evolyucii galaktik (izmeneniyu zvezdnyh mass) posvyashena rabota astro-ph/0401037 (The Gemini Deep Deep Survey: III. The Evolution of Galaxy Stellar Mass). astro-ph/0401004 Stolknoveniya zvezd v rezul'tate vzaimodeistviya dvoinyh i odinochnyh ob'ektov (Stellar Collisions During Binary-Binary and Binary-Single Star Interactions) Authors: J. M. Fregeau, P. Cheung, S. F. Portegies Zwart, F. A. Rasio Comments: Submitted to MNRAS; 28 pages, 22 figures, 7 tables Sredi zvezd vstrechayutsya dostatochno lyubopytnye ekzemplyary, kotorye ne ob'yasnyayutsya standartnymi scenariyami obrazovaniya i evolyucii zvezd. Naprimer, temperatura ili radius zvezdy mogut nesootvetstvovat' ee masse. Odno iz vozmozhnyh ob'yasnenii svyazano s tem, chto ob'ekt ispytal "vstryasku", naprimer iz-za sil'nogo vzaimodeistviya s drugoi zvezdoi. Avtory modeliruyut evolyuciyu zvezd v plotnyh skopleniyah, gde istochniki raspredeleny nastol'ko tesno, chto proishodyat stolknoveniya. Prichem, esli vo vzaimodeistvie vovlechena dvoinaya sistema, to velika veroyatnost' sliyaniya neskol'kih zvezd. Pri etom obrazuyutsya ob'ekty radiusami v 2-30 raz bol'she, chem u normal'noi zvezdy glavnoi posledovatel'nosti (dlya toi zhe massy). astro-ph/0401007 Dvoinoi radioistochnik 3C343.1: para iz galaktiki i kvazara s sil'no razlichayushimisya krasnymi smesheniyami (The double radio source 3C343.1: A galaxy-QSO pair with very different redshifts) Authors: H. Arp, E.M. Burbidge, G. Burbidge Comments: A&A Letters in press Arp i Berbidzhi prodolzhayut poiski par vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov s raznymi krasnymi smesheniyami. Ideya sostoit v kritike obsheprinyatoi (kosmologicheskoi) interpretacii krasnogo smesheniya. Esli naiti primer dvuh ob'ektov, rasstoyanie do kotoryh mozhno schitat' odinakovym, no krasnye smesheniya ih budut sushestvenno raznymi, to takaya situaciya budet ser'eznoi problemoi dlya sovremennoi kosmologii. Konechno, iz-za togo, chto istochnikov ochen' mnogo, dostatochno velika veroyatnost' togo, chto prosto iz-za proekcii istochniki raspolozheny blizko na nebe. S nezavisimymi opredeleniyami rasstoyanii delo obstoit ne ochen' horosho. Poetomu neobhodimy poiski par vzaimodeistvuyushih ob'ektov. V dannoi stat'e rech' idet o pare ob'ektov, soedinennyh "radiomostom" (peremychkoi, vidimoi v radiodiapazone). T.o. avtory utverzhdayut, chto ob'ekty raspolozheny na odnom i tom zhe rasstoyanii ot nas. Chto tut skazat'.... Ochevidno, sleduet zhdat' "antistat'i". Takie primery nado akkuratno razbirat' (deistvitel'no li radiomost svyazan s etimi istochnikami, verno li opredeleny krasnye smesheniya i t.d. i t.p.). Veroyatnee vsego standartnaya teoriya ustoit i na etot raz. obzor astro-ph/0401022 Gamma-vspleski i ih central'nye mashiny (Gamma-ray Bursts and their Central Engines) Authors: Stephan Rosswog Comments: Invited review "Superdense QCD matter and compact stars", Yerevan, Armenia, Sept. 2003 Horoshii bogato proillyustrirovannyi obzor po mehanizmam gamma-vspleskov. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno vozmozhnosti ob'yasneniya korotkih gamma-vspleskov kak sliyaniya neitronnyh zvezd. astro-ph/0401024 Prigodnaya dlya zhizni zona Galaktiki i raspredelenie slozhnoi zhizni po vozrastam v Mlechnom Puti (The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way) Authors: C.H.Lineweaver, Y.Fenner, B.K.Gibson Comments: 9 pages, 4 figs. Science 303 (2004) 59-62 Dlya vozniknoveniya zhizni trebuetsya, chtoby odnovremenno vypolnyalos' bol'shoe chislo uslovii (rech', konechno, idet o zhizni zemnogo tipa): zhizn' voznikaet na planetah zemnogo tipa s umerennymi klimaticheskimi usloviyami, dlya vozniknoveniya zhizni trebuetsya dostatochno dolge vremya i t.d. Pervoe uslovie oznachaet, chto zhizn' voznikaet v oblastyah s dostatochno vysokim obiliem tyazhelyh elementov, vtoroe nakladyvaet ogranichenie na poluos' orbity planety, tret'e - chto zhizn' voznikaet na planetah dolgozhivushih zvezd (t.e. maloi i umerennoi massy). Sintez tyazhelyh elementov (do zheleza) proishodit v nedrah zvezd, v mezhzvezduyu sredu oni vybrasyvayutsya pri vzryvah sverhnovyh ili, v men'shei stepeni, zvezdnym vetrom. Samye tyazhelye elementy sinteziruyutsya neposredstvenno vo vremya vzryvov sverhnovyh. No vzryvy sverhnovyh mogut razrushitel'no vozdeistvovat' na voznikayushuyu zhizn'. Eti rassuzhdeniya mozhno prodolzhat', imenno oni soderzhatsya v ukazannoi stat'e. Izmenenie prigodnoi dlya obitaniya zony Galaktiki v zavisimosti ot vremeni i rasstoyaniya ot ee centra. astro-ph/0401035 Mikrolinzirovanie ellipticheskih istochnikov kaustikami tipa skladki (Microlensing of Elliptical Sources by Fold Caustics) Authors: B. Scott Gaudi (CfA), Zoltan Haiman (Columbia) Comments: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ Teoriya v svoem razvitii dohodit do ochen' tonkih effektov. Smotrite: mikrolinzirovanie - situaciya, kogda linziruemyi istochnik ne razreshaetsya nablyudatelem i ostaetsya dlya nego "tochetnym". Kaustiki tipa skladki voznikayut estestvennym obrazom, esli gravitacionnaya linza ne obladaet sfericheskoi simmetriei. Takie kaustiki porozhdayutsya esli linza splyusnutaya (kak, naprimer, ellipticheskie galaktiki) ili dvoinaya. Vblizi granic kaustiki blesk kompaktnogo istochnika ochen' sil'no vozrastaet. Ukazannye dva effekta izucheny uzhe ochen' horosho. V dannoi rabote poucheny vysokotochnye formuly, opisyvayushie mikrolinzirovanie v situacii, kogda istochnik imeet ellipticheskuyu formu. Takimi mogut byt' bystro vrashayushiesya zvezdy ili planety-giganty. astro-ph/0401056 Kol'ca v galo planetarnyh tumannostei (Rings in the Haloes of Planetary Nebulae) Authors: R.L.M. Corradi et al Comments: 10 pp., 4 figs, accepted by A&A main journal Avtory dannoi raboty predprinyali poisk kol'cevyh (i dugoobraznyh) struktur v planetarnyh tumannostyah. I nashli ih! U vos'mi ob'ektov. Teper' takih tumannostei stalo vtroe bol'she. Nalichie takih struktur ukazyvaet, chto peremennost' zvezdnogo vetra v planetarnyh tumannostyah na vremennyh shkalah ot 100 do 1000 let, gorazdo bolee chastoe yavlenie dlya zvezd vblizi konca asimptoticheskoi vetvi gigantov (na diagramma Gercshprunga-Rassela), chem polagalos' ranee. Chislo takih sistem dolzhno sostavlyat' primerno 35%. Negativnye izobrazheniya chetyreh iz vos'mi tumannostei, u kotoryh naideny kol'cevye struktury. Sleva - ishodnye negativy, v centre i sprava izobrazheniya, povergnutye special'noi obrabotke, na kotoryh horosho vidny kol'ca. superotkrytie!!! astro-ph/0401086 Dvuh pul'sarnaya sistemy - redkaya udacha dlya relyativistskoi fiziki i fiziki plazmy (A Double-Pulsar System - A Rare Laboratory for Relativistic Gravity and Plasma Physics) Authors: A.G.Lyne et al. Comments: 21 pages, 5 figures, Science, in press Nastupil moment, kotorogo tak zhdali! Otkryta sistema iz dvuh neitronnyh zvezd, kazhdyi komponent kotoroi yavlyaetsya radiopul'sarom! Etoi dolgozhdannoi sistemoi okazalsya nedavno otkrytyi, samyi tesnyi iz izvestnyh, dvoinoi pul'sar J0737-3039. Teper' odnu ego komponentu s periodom 22 ms budut nazyvat' J0737-3039A, a druguyu, s periodom 2.8 s, J0737-3039B. Eta sistema horosha eshe tem, chto imeet ochen' korotkii orbital'nyi period (2.4 ch) i nablyudaetsya pochti s rebra (naklonenie orbity okolo 87o). Obnaruzhenie dannoi sistemy otkryvaet velikolepnye perspektivy dlya dal'neishei proverki OTO, dlya pryamogo izucheniya magnitosfer pul'sarov i dlya issledovaniya svoistv neitronnyh zvezd. Etot pul'sar pahnet nobelevskoi premiei, vozmozhno dazhe ne odnoi. Podrobnee o ego svoistvah mozhno prochitat' v etoi zametkah na Astronete i Pereplete. obzor astro-ph/0401091 Pervichnyi nukleosintez dlya novoi kosmologii: raskrytie neopredelennostei i proverka soglasovannosti (Primordial Nucleosynthesis for the New Cosmology: Determining Uncertainties and Examining Concordance) Authors: Richard H. Cyburt Comments: 54 pages, 20 figures, 5 tables Pervichnyi (v Bol'shom Vzryve) nukleosintez i reliktovyi fon (tochnee ego anizotropiya) imeyut dolguyu i slozhnuyu istoriyu sovmestnogo sushestvovaniya v standartnoi kosmologii. V hode stanovleniya etoi modeli bylo dostignuto obshee soglasie mezhdu predskazyvaemymi i nablyudaemymi obiliyami legkih elementov. Odnako, poslednie vysokotochnye izmereniya anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya, v chastnosti na sputnike WMAP, pozvolili nezavisimo postroit' nego sushestvenno bolee tochnuyu model'. Avtor dannogo obzora rassmatrivaet osnovnye istochniki neopredelennostei v modelyah pervichnogo nukleosinteza (imi okazyvayutsya neopredelennosti v laboratornyh izmereniyah sechenii yadernyh reakcii) i pytaetsya chastichno vospolnit' ih, vospol'zovavshis' atomnymi dannymi i rezul'tatami izmerenii relikta. astro-ph/0401092 Potok Andromedy (The Andromeda Stream) Authors: G. F. Lewis et al. Comments: 3 Pages. Refereed contribution to the 5th Galacto Chemodynamics conference held in Swinburne, July 2003. Accepted for publication in PASA My mnogo raz pisali o zvezdnyh potokah v nashei Galaktike (naprimer, sm. etu zametku). Oni obrazuyutsya pri akkrecii nebol'shoi galaktiki-sputnika. Razumeetsya, takaya situaciya mozhet sushestvovat' ne tol'ko v Mlechnom puti, no i v drugih krupnyh galaktikah. Naprimer, v Tumannosti Andromedy. V svoei korotkoi zametke avtory opisyvayut zvezdnyi potok, nablyudayushiisya v M31. Udalos' opredelit' trehmernuyu strukturu etogo obrazovaniya, chto pozvolyaet poluchit' novuyu informaciyu o samoi Tumannosti Andromedy. Sm. takzhe stat'yu A New Giant Stellar Structure Near the Outer Halo of M31: Satellite or Stream?. V nei rech' idet o novom obrazovanii, otkrytom s pomosh'yu Sloanovskogo cifrovogo obzora neba v M31. Veroyatno, chto eto takzhe karlikovaya galaktika, razrushaemaya gravitaciei Tumannosti Andromedy. miniobzor astro-ph/0401100 Akkrecionnye potoki vokrug chernyh dyr zvezdnyh mass i neitronnyh zvezd (Accretion flows around stellar mass black holes and neutron stars) Authors: Didier Barret Comments: 12 pages, 9 figures Na 12 stranicah (vklyuchaya risunki) avtor uspevaet uspeshno upomyanut': o vysokom i nizkom (myagkom i zhestkom) sostoyanii akkreciruyushih istochnikov; o teplovoi i neteplovoi komptonizacii fotonov; ob istochnike myagkih fotonov; ob otrazhenii rentgenovskogo izlucheniya ot poverhnosti zvezdy, diska i ih korony; o peremennosti izlucheniya - kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyaciyah; Odin iz vyvodov avtora: neitronnye zvezdy byvaet ochen' trudno otlichit' ot chernyh dyr. astro-ph/0401119 Novye pul'sary vblizi neotozhdestvlennyh gamma-istochnikov (New Pulsars Coincident With Unidentified Gamma-Ray Sources) Authors: Mallory S.E. Roberts et al. Comments: 4 pages, 1 table astro-ph/0401120 Novye poiski pul'sarov v boksah oshibok neotozhdestvlennyh istochnikov EGRET (Recent Searches for Pulsars in Unidentified EGRET Error Boxes) Authors: Mallory S.E. Roberts Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure Bol'shaya chast' iz primerno 300 gamma-istochnikov v kataloge, sozdannom v eksperimente EGRET, do sih por ostaetsya neotozhdestvlennoi. Vblizi 56 takih istochnikov lezhashih ne tochno v ploskosti Galaktiki (|b|>5o) i ne sovpadayushih s izvestnymi blazarami, na rabioobservatorii Parks v Avstralii byl proveden poisk radiopul'sarov. V rezul'tate dannogo obzora byli naideny neskol'ko novyh radiopul'sarov, vklyuchaya tri dvoinyh sistemy. My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing). physics/0401016 Chto proizoshlo s sovremennoi fizikoi? (What happened to modern physics?) Authors: P. Shabajee, K. Postlethwaite Comments: 8 pages, only PDF, Original Paper: Shabajee, P. and Postlethwaite, K. (2000) What happened to modern physics?, School Science Review, 81(297), p51-56.] Avtory rassuzhdayut o prepodavanii sovremennoi fiziki v britanskoi shkole. Rassmatrivaetsya, konechno, ne samyi perednii krai nauki, a otnositel'nost', kvantovaya mehanika i teoriya haosa. Avtory polagayut, chto etim voprosam udelyaetsya neadekvatno malo vremeni, no pri etom voprosov u detei mnogo (otchasti eti voprosy voznikayut v svyazi s tem, chto oni vidyat po TV i v komp'yuternyh igrah). Priyatno, chto lyudi ser'ezno obsuzhdayut eti problemy ... physics/0401031 Modernizaciya fabrik chastic (Upgrades of Particle Factories) Authors: C. Biscari Comments: 5 pages, Invited talk at the Workshop on e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range, Alghero, Italy, September 2003 Korotkaya krasivaya zametka pro modernizaciyu (aka argreid) t.n. "fabrik chastic". Pozhalui, v polnom ob'eme stat'ya budet ponyatna i interesna tem, kto uzhe chto-to znaet pro vsyu etu kuhnyu. Odnako znat' nuzhno ne tak uzh i mnogo, tak chto chitaite! Vernut'sya k nachalu stranicy

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