Hronika osvoeniya kosmosa: 1954 god.
7.01.2001 2:06 | A. B. Zheleznyakov/Enciklopediya Kosmonavtika

18.03.1954	Na poligone Wallops Island (shtat Virdzhiniya, SShA) osushestvlen pusk rakety Deacon-4.
29.04.1954	Na poligone Wallops Island (shtat Virdzhiniya, SShA) osushestvlen zapusk trehstupenchatoi rakety Nike. Eto pervyi eksperiment po zapusku trehstupenchatoi rakety.
04-05.1954	Na poligone Kapustin Yar (Astrahanskaya oblast', SSSR) provedena seriya ispytatel'nyh puskov operativno-takticheskih raket R-11.
07.05.1954	Na poligone White Sands (shtat N'yu-Meksika, SShA) osushestvlen pusk rakety Viking 10. Raketa dostigla vysoty 215 kilometrov.
20.05.1954	Prinyato Postanovlenie Soveta Ministrov SSSR o sozdanii mezhkontinental'noi ballisticheskoi rakety R-7, sposobnoi nesti termoyadernoe vzryvnoe ustroistvo. Razrabotka rakety poruchena OKB-1. Etim zhe postanovleniem polozheno nachalo rabotam po sozdaniyu mezhkontinental'nyh krylatyh raket - nositelei yadernogo zaryada. Postanovlenie predusmatrivalo parallel'nuyu rabotu nad dvumya raketami: bolee legkoi Burei (KB Lavochkina) i tyazheloi Buran (KB Myasisheva).
26.05.1954	Sergei Pavlovich KOROLEV predstavil ministru vooruzhenii SSSR Dmitriyu Fedorovichu USTINOVU dokladnuyu zapisku, v kotoroi izlozhil svoi plany osvoeniya kosmosa. V kachestve osnovnyh napravlenii raboty na blizhaishie gody Korolev nazval sleduyushie: sozdanie nauchnogo sputnika massoi 2-3 tonny; sozdanie vozvrashaemogo sputnika; sozdanie sputnika dlya dlitel'nogo prebyvaniya v kosmose 1-2 chelovek; sozdanie orbital'noi stancii s regulyarnym soobsheniem s Zemlei.
28.05.1954	Na aviabaze Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya desyatyi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1A po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Arthur MURRAY.
04.06.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya odinnadcatyi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1A po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Arthur MURRAY. V polete dostignuta skorost' 1,97 M.
25.06.1954	V SShA nachaty raboty po sozdaniyu iskusstvennogo sputnika Zemli.
09.07.1954	V SShA nachaty raboty po sozdaniyu raketnogo samoleta H-15.
07.1954	Rukovoditelem KB Yuzhnoe i zavoda Yuzhmash naznachen Mihail Kuz'mich YaNGEL'.
07.1954	V Podlipkah (Moskovskaya oblast', SSSR) v OKB-1 zavershena razrabotka eskiznogo proekta rakety R-7.
05.08.1954	Na aviabaze Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-2 1. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Frank EVEREST. Polet samoleta prohodil bez vklyucheniya raketnogo dvigatelya. Etim poletom nachata realizaciya programmy poletov na raketnom samolete H-2.
12.08.1954	Na poligone Kapustin Yar (Astrahanskaya oblast', SSSR) proizveden ocherednoi ispytatel'nyi pusk rakety R-5. V celom pusk proshel udachno, odnako na traektorii spuska proizoshlo razrushenie golovnoi chasti.
23.08.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya pervyi ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER. Etim poletom nachata realizacii programmy poletov raketnogo samoleta H-3.
26.08.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya vosemnadcatyi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1A po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Arthur MURRAY. Etim poletom zavershena seriya issledovatel'skih poletov po programme VVS SShA dannogo ekzemplyara.
08.1954	Na poligone Kapustin Yar (Astrahanskaya oblast', SSSR) provedena tret'ya seriya ispytatel'nyh puskov rakety R-5.
03.09.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya vtoroi ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER.
09.09.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya tretii ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER.
09.09.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya chetvertyi ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER.
16.09.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya pyatyi ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER.
24.09.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya pervyi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Jack RIDLEY. Polet prohodil bez vklyucheniya raketnogo dvigatelya.
06.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya vtoroi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Jack RIDLEY. Polet prohodil bez vklyucheniya raketnogo dvigatelya.
08.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya tretii issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Arthur MURRAY. Pervyi polet dannogo ekzemplyara samoleta s vklyucheniem raketnogo dvigatelya.
13.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya chetvertyi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Robert STEPHENS.
14.10.1954	Na poligone White Sands (shtat N'yu-Meksika, SShA) osushestvlen pusk rakety PARD. Eto pervyi eksperiment po zapusku chetyrehstupenchatoi rakety.
19.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya pyatyi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Stuart CHILDS.
19.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya shestoi ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER.
21.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya sed'moi ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER.
21.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya vos'moi ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER.
21.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya devyatyi ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER.
26.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya shestoi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Horance HANES.
27.10.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya desyatyi ispytatel'nyi polet raketnogo samoleta X-3 po programme NACA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Joseph WALKER. V polete vpervye dlya samoleta dannogo tipa byla prevyshena skorost' zvuka.
10.1954	Orgkomitet Mezhdunarodnogo geofizicheskogo goda (MGG) obratilsya k vedushim mirovym derzhavam s pros'boi rassmotret' vozmozhnost' zapuska v period MGG iskusstvennyh sputnikov Zemli dlya provedeniya nauchnyh issledovanii.
04.11.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya sed'moi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Richard HARER.
26.11.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya vos'moi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Stanley HOLTONER.
30.11.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya devyatyi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Frank EVEREST.
02.12.1954	Na aviabazee Edwards (shtat Kaliforniya, SShA) sostoyalsya desyatyi issledovatel'skii polet raketnogo samoleta X-1V po programme VVS SShA. Samolet pilotiroval letchik Frank EVEREST.
1954	Mstislav Vsevolodovich KELDYSh, Sergei Pavlovich KOROLEV i Mihail Klavdievich TIHONRAVOV vydvinuli predlozhenie o sozdanii iskusstvennogo sputnika Zemli.